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B Hillestad

Publications and source records attributed to B Hillestad.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Uptake, conjugation and transport of laxative diphenols by everted sacs of the rat jejunum and stripped colon.

Phenolphthalein (PHEN), desacetylbisacodyl (DES) and oxyphenisatin (OXY) were incubated with everted sacs of the rat jejunum and stripped descending colon; the mucosal and serosal fluid were analysed with respect to free and conjugated diphenol by means of HPLC. Conjugates were measured as the amount of free diphenol in completely hydrolyzed samples less the amount before hydrolysis. A study with double-sided administration of PHEN revealed that diphenol uptake from and conjugate output to both sides followed a rectilinear course for 15-90 min. A standard incubation time of 60 min. was chosen for the subsequent experiments, in which the diphenols were administered at the mucosal side at a low and a high concentration. Diphenol uptake, i.e. the amount of free diphenol administered less the amount recovered at the mucosal side, varied in an order (PHEN greater than DES greater than OXY) which seems to be inversely related to the order of water solubility of the compounds. Tissue accumulation and conjugate output relative to uptake varied with the dose, and from one compound to another. At low initial concentration (20 nmol/ml), the compounds were transferred to the jejunal and colonic serosal fluid almost entirely as conjugates (greater than or equal to 95%); the transfer rates followed, qualitatively, the same order as above. In jejunum, more conjugates were released to the mucosal than to the serosal side; in colon the distribution was reversed. Increasing the dose to 100 nmol/ml caused a corresponding increase in uptake, but relative output decreased and tissue accumulation increased; thus demonstrating capacity limitation. With PHEN, the ratio of conjugated:free diphenol on the serosal side remained essentially unchanged; with DES in particular, but also with OXY the ratio decreased. These findings may be interpreted to mean that in case of PHEN capacity limitation is linked to conjugate efflux, while DES and OXY may be poor substrates for glucuronide formation as well. Experiments with serosal side administration like the double-sided PHEN experiments verified the dissimilar conjugate distribution in jejunal and colonic sacs; the phenomenon is to some extent discussed in the text. Identity tests gave evidence that the conjugates were mainly monoglucuronides.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Intestinal handling of bisacodyl and picosulphate by everted sacs of the rat jejunum and stripped colon.

Bisacodyl (BIS) is the acetic acid di-ester of the laxative diphenol 2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)methyl-pyridine. A HPLC-method which permits the simultaneous determination of BIS and its monodesacetylated (MONO) as well as totally desacetylated (DES) form, has been used to study the intestinal handling of BIS (20 nmol/ml), when the compound was incubated for 60 min. at the mucosal side of the preparations specified. In the jejunal mucosal fluid, BIS disappeared completely in short time, and there was a nearly equivalent rise in DES. MONO was transitory present. Hydrolysis was also rapid in mucosal fluid which had been in contact with jejunal sacs for 30 sec., but BIS was stable in blank incubations. Hydrolysis of BIS was slower by colonic than by jejunal sacs, and all three molecular forms were present during incubation. It seemed still slower in mucosal fluid which had been in contact with colonic sacs for 5 min. BIS just as DES accumulated in the jejunal and colonic serosal fluid mainly as conjugates (greater than 95%), and DES was in all cases the only unconjugated metabolite present. Drug accumulation in jejunal serosal fluid was the same whether BIS or DES was added. However, more drug seemed to accumulate on the serosal side of colonic sacs when incubated with BIS instead of DES. In similar experiments with picosulphate, which is the sulphuric acid di-ester analogue of BIS, free DES was not detected in the mucosal fluid during incubation. The amounts of laxative accumulating in the serosal fluid were less than 1/10 of those observed with BIS.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Studies on hydragogue drugs: effect of surfactants on cAMP levels in the rat jejunal mucosa in short time experiments in vivo.

Theophylline and the surface active agents specified below were instilled into the jejunum of anaesthetized rats, and the cAMP levels in the mucosal tissue determined after 71/2 and 15 min. incubation in vivo. Most experiments were done in rats prepared with two tied intestinal loops; one of these served as the control loop and the other as the stimulated loop. The surfactants (mmol/l) included dodecylsulphate (17), dioctylsulphosuccinate (5.6), cetrimonium bromide (4.1), deoxycholic acid (2.4 and 3.6) and Lubrol WX (0.5% w/v). Theophylline (10 mmol/l) caused a substantial increase in cAMP (110% +/- 17, n = 7 and 60% +/- 8.9, n = 10, respectively) and dodecylsulphate a minor and transitory increase (28.1% +/- 3.8, n = 10 and 11.7% +/- 4.9, n = 8). The other agents were without stimulatory effect on cAMP, although like dodecylsulphate they may significantly affect normal intestinal cation and glucose transport under these conditions. The results, therefore, do not suggest that stimulation of cAMP and intestinal secretion induced thereby is any significant phenomenon in the overall hydragogue effect of these agents, at least not in short term jejunal experiments.

Animals↗