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Biomedical subjects

B Husemann

Publications and source records attributed to B Husemann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prevalence of anterior pituitary insufficiency 3 and 12 months after traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectional studies report a high prevalence of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no longitudinal studies on time of manifestation and reversibility exist. This study was conducted to assess hypopituitarism 3 and 12 months after TBI. DESIGN: This was a prospective, longitudinal, diagnostic study. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients (52 men, 26 women, mean age 36.0 years) with TBI grades I-III and 38 healthy subjects (25 men, 13 women, mean age 36.4 years) as a control group for the GHRH + arginine test were studied. The prevalence of hypopituitarism was assessed 3 and 12 months after TBI by GHRH + arginine test, short adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test, and basal hormone measurements in patients. RESULTS: After 3 months, 56% of all patients had impairments of at least one pituitary axis with axes being affected as follows: gonadotropic 32%, corticotropic 19%, somatotropic 9% and thyrotropic 8%. After 12 months, fewer patients were affected, but in some cases new impairments occurred; 36% still had impairments. The axes were affected as follows after 12 months: gonadotropic 21%, somatotropic 10%, corticotropic 9% and thyrotropic 3%. CONCLUSIONS: Hypopituitarism occurs often in the post-acute phase after TBI and may normalize later, but may also develop after the post-acute phase of TBI.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[20 years small intestinal bypass surgery. What is left?].

The jejunoileostomy was a frequently used surgical procedure to treat morbid obese patients (obesity grade III) from 1970 to 1980. The observed weight loss was very good, 50-60 kg during the first 18 months after operation (n = 288). Even obesity-induced side effects were improved significantly. However, negative consequences and complications were seen all too often: chronic loss of electrolytes, protein and vitamins and diarrhea with perianal skin problems. Reoperations were often necessary due to renal stone formation, cholecystolithiasis or blind loop syndrome. Therefore this procedure was abandoned in favor of operations such as vertical banded gastroplasty or the adjustable gastric band. However, in special cases similar operations may be helpful if gastric restriction has failed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Early hypoxia modulates the phenotype of dopaminergic cells in rat di- and mesencephalic cell cultures and induces a higher vulnerability of non-dopaminergic neurons to a second hypoxic exposure.

To investigate long-term effects of hypoxia on a cellular level, di- and mesencephalic cell cultures were exposed to hypoxia on in vitro day 2 (incubation in culture medium, pO2 = 10-20 mmHg, 24 h) and on in vitro day 13 (incubation in an electrolyte solution, pO2 = 10-20 mmHg, 8 h). The numbers of neuron-specific enolase immuno-reactive (NSE-IR) and tyrosine hydroxylase immuno-reactive (TH-IR) neurons and the levels of dopamine, its main metabolites and the spontaneous and potassium-stimulated DA release were determined on DIV 15. Hypoxia on DIV 2 did not affect the numbers of NSE-IR and TH-IR neurons, but increased the dopamine content and dopamine release by about 100% in both di-and mesencephalic cultures. In addition, this hypoxia increased the vulnerability of non-TH-IR neurons to the second hypoxic episode applied during more advanced stages of the culture development on DIV 13. On the contrary, hypoxia exposure did not affect the vulnerability of TH-IR cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Hypoxia induces differential changes of dopamine metabolism in mature and immature mesencephalic and diencephalic cell cultures.

Perinatal hypoxia is known as a high risk factor for the development of long-lasting abnormalities in dopaminergic system. The early developmental alterations of dopamine (DA) metabolism induced by hypoxia could contribute to these abnormalities. To understand the hypoxia-induced changes of intra- and extracellular dopamine levels and its main metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in immature dopaminergic neurons, we compared these changes in rat mesencephalic and diencephalic cell cultures on day in vitro (DIV) 2 (immature cells), DIV 8 and DIV 13 (mature cells). Cell cultures were exposed to an oxygen-free gas mixture in a Billups chamber for 2-4 hours. Mature cell cultures responded to hypoxia with an increase of DA levels in the cells and in the medium during the first 45 min (by an average of 57 and 114% respectively). Thereafter, DA levels decreased, and returned to the baseline within the next 30 min. The cellular DA levels continued to decrease up to 15% of the baseline during 255 min hypoxia whereas the extracellular DA content stabilized at the prehypoxic levels. Immature cell cultures (DIV 2) in contrast to mature ones, were unable to maintain normal extracellular DA levels during hypoxia and showed a decrease of the cellular and extracellular levels to 50% of the prehypoxic levels. DOPAC and HVA changes mimick, however, at a lower level, the pattern of DA changes during the exposure to hypoxia. In principle, in the diencephalic cell culture similar effects of hypoxia exposure on the investigated parameters were found (studied during 0-120 min). The present study demonstrates that mature and immature dopaminergic cells differ in the regulation of the extra- and intracellular DA levels during hypoxia. In immature cells the low synthetic capacity of tyrosine hydroxylase and the deficient capacities of the transport and storage processes result in decreased extracellular DA levels. This could be an important factor for the long-term modulation of the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and subsequent long-term behavioral and/or neurological abnormalities induced by perinatal hypoxia.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Hypoxia during early developmental period induces long-term changes in the dopamine content and release in a mesencephalic cell culture.

The present study was conducted to elucidate the long-term effects of exposure to hypoxia of dopaminergic neurons during the early developmental period. Primary mesencephalic cell cultures prepared from fetal rats and containing 0.5-2% of dopaminergic neurons were exposed to hypoxia between in vitro days 1 and 6, the putative critical developmental period. Changes in the content, release and uptake of dopamine were found to depend on the degree of hypoxia and on the duration of exposure. Following moderate hypoxia (7 h, 5% O2) on two consecutive days between in vitro days 1 and 3, the cultures showed a small increase in the dopamine levels, by 16%. After severe hypoxia (0% O2/95% N2 for 24 h), during the same time window, the cellular dopamine content was elevated by 100%. Moreover, severe hypoxia produced long-lasting modulations of the dopaminergic system. On in vitro day 14, cells exhibited increased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid (by 34% and 55%, respectively), and elevations of both the spontaneous and potassium-stimulated dopamine release by 70%. The dopamine transport and metabolism of cells exposed to hypoxia between in vitro days 4 and 6 remained unchanged with regard to long-term effects. The present study provides strong evidence for the induction of long-term changes in dopaminergic cells due to hypoxia during the critical developmental period in mesencephalic culture. The developmental period capable of inducing long-lasting changes in dopamine metabolism is restricted to in vitro days 1-3.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Surgery for obesity--the most successful long-term therapy?].

The surgical treatment of morbid obesity by VBG or adjustable gastric banding techniques is very effective as 633 own patients demonstrate clearly. A significant weight reduction is possible in 75 to 80% of all operated patients. The BMI can be reduced from an original value of 49 kg/m2 to 33 kg/m2. An absolute necessity is a lifelong medical care of the patients, because long term complications may occur. The surgical treatment is believed to be an important help for the obese patients but not an easy solution of every problem of the obese.

Biliopancreatic Diversion↗
PubMed1996

[Therapy of morbid obesity--is the surgeon consulted?].

The surgical treatment of morbid obesity overlooks now more than 25 years beginning with the jejunocolostomy reaching to the vertical banded gastroplasty in any of the various modifications. Despite effective weight loss there are some dangerous complications, even in the long-term run. Though the surgical therapy of extreme obesity should be carried out restrictively and only in the correct indication according to the rules of the bariatric society or the National Consensus Conference.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1996

[Initial outcome of vertical gastroplasty in treatment of morbid obesity].

The VBG enables a significant weight loss from an initial weight of 138.9 kg (mean value, n = 387) to 87.3 kg after 36 months. BMI is reduced from 48.9 to 30.8 kg/m2. Even the pathological metabolic disorders are improved like the rate of metabolic syndrome (8.4% to 2.2%). The postoperative complication rate is low with a letality of 0.26% or a thrombosis rate of 1,03%. The relative high rate of patients with ineffective weight loss (30-40%) should not lead to the consequence to stop the procedure, but to improve the pre-operative screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Weight reduction after gastric bypass and horizontal gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Results after 10 years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long term value of gastric bypass and horizontal gastroplasty for the treatment of morbid obesity. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: 119 patients of 195 who were operated on between 1976 and 1986. INTERVENTIONS: Horizontal gastroplasty (n = 15), transected gastric bypass (n = 83), or stapled gastric bypass (n = 21). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight loss, reduction in body mass index, and morbidity. RESULTS: Mean (SD) body weight (kg) after gastroplasty decreased from 139 (20) to 112 (14) at one year, but had increased to 130 (22) at 10 years. The corresponding figures for transected gastric bypass were 134 (24), 95 (20), and 103 (22); and for stapled gastric bypass 137 (27), 100 (24), and 112 (23). The figures for body mass index showed a similar pattern. Three quarters of the patients developed physical or psychological complications after the operation that were related to either the obesity or the operation, or both. CONCLUSIONS: None of the three operations provided adequate or prolonged control of morbid obesity, and the morbidity was high. Too large a proximal pouch, or disruption of the line of staples, may have been responsible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Potential protective effect of vitamin C on carcinogenesis caused by nitrosamine in drinking water: an experimental study on Wistar rats.

In an experiment with Wistar rats the question of whether oral vitamin C application has a protective effect in liver carcinogenesis caused by N-nitrosodiethylamine in drinking water (n = 104) was studied. When comparing four groups (without carcinogen, with carcinogen and carcinogen plus vitamin C alternately and concomitantly) significant statistical differences in the linear regression were noted. Ninety per cent of the rats developed hepatocellular carcinomas when only carcinogen was administered whereas the rate with additional administration of vitamin C alternately and concomitantly was 68% and 55%, respectively. Without carcinogen no tumour developed. The results suggest that vitamin C may delay the development of liver cancer upon oral administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine. The explanation for this fact is still hypothetical.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental development of carcinoma in rats caused by N-nitrosopiperidine with vitamin C].

In animal experiments with Wistar rats we attempted to determine if oral application of Vitamin C inhibits or delays carcinogenesis due to oral administered N-Nitrosopiperidine (NTP). One group of animals received NTP only, two other groups NTP and Vitamin C either alternating or simultaneously. A fourth group receiving only Vitamin C served as control. Carcinomas of the esophagus, stomach and liver developed in response to NTP application. The additional administration of Vitamin C neither inhibited nor delayed the development of carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intraoperative spillage of tumor cells in surgery for rectal cancer.

Inadvertent perforation or incision into rectal carcinoma during surgery may lead to massive dissemination of tumor cells in the operative area. It was observed in 8.7 percent of 1360 radical resections for cure. In time, the incidence could be reduced from 11.0 to 5.2 percent. Intraoperative spillage of tumor cells influences the incidence of local recurrence. In the last period (1982 to 1985) in cases of spillage of tumor cells, local recurrence was seen in 39 percent as opposed to 12.9 percent in perforation or incision of the tumor. Intraoperative tumor-cell spillage has a negative effect on survival rates, reducing the relative five-year survival rate after resection for cure from 70 to 44 percent. It should be recorded in the surgical and pathologic reports and considered in the analysis of treatment results and in selection of patients for adjuvant radiotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Postoperative parenteral nutrition following segmental liver resection--are fat emulsions a risk?].

Thirty-two patients with segmental liver resection were fed 3 different parenteral infusion programs postoperatively. These differed in carbohydrate and lipid content, with the latter representing up to 40% of the total caloric content. Laboratory parameters, including nitrogen balance, acute phase proteins and liver function tests, were found to have a postoperative course similar to that seen following other major abdominal procedures. A transient rise of bilirubin observed may be related to the temporary decrease in the excretory function of the liver. The rise in acute phase proteins, beginning a few days postoperatively, was attributed to the ability of the remaining liver parenchyma to synthesize protein. There was no significant difference observed between the 3 parenteral solutions. Finally, we conclude that in the early postoperative period lipid solutions can be used as an important source of energy.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Cardia carcinoma considered as a distinct clinical entity.

From 1 January 1969 until 31 December 1985, gastric resections were performed in 937 patients with carcinoma of the stomach and 422 patients with carcinoma of the cardia. During this period, the general frequency of cardia carcinoma increased continuously from 6.6 per cent (1969-71) to 37.5 per cent (1984-85) and a corresponding decrease of carcinomas in other sites was observed. Early carcinomas (pT1) of the oesophageal margin (n = 10, 2.4 per cent) were diagnosed less often than early carcinomas in other sites (n = 177, 18.9 per cent). Whereas 51.4 per cent of all resected carcinomas of the stomach showed no lymph node metastases (pN0), only 14.1 per cent of cardia carcinomas belonged to this category. With respect to operative treatment, Laurén's classification which defines the required margin of clearance according to diffuse type (frequency in cardia carcinoma 43 per cent, in other stomach sites 51 per cent), is of great significance. We believe that extensive oesophageal resection is necessary for patients with such difficult tumours. The pattern of metastasis in cardia carcinoma is similar to that of cancer in other stomach sites, the preferred area is the regional lymph nodes on the lesser curve (83 per cent). Histological classification and metastasis pattern show that cardia carcinoma is a type of carcinoma of the stomach which must be treated according to the criteria of stomach cancer surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus.

The special problems involving the histopathology of verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus are presented on the basis of two patients with this tumor seen at our department. The discussion centers on the question whether a verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus can infiltrate the basal membrane and give rise to metastases.

Aged↗