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Biomedical subjects

B Hwang

Publications and source records attributed to B Hwang.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Color flow mapping in ventricular septal defect: correlation of hemodynamic data and shunt flow area.

To evaluate the efficacy of two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography in assessing the severity of isolated ventricular septal defect, 31 children were studied within 24 hours of cardiac catheterization. The shunt flow area at peak systole (PSFA), diastole (DFA) and end-diastole (EDFA) and maximal shunt flow area (MSFA) were measured with frame-by-frame technique and corrected with body surface area and heart rate. The Qp/Qs ratio was calculated by the Fick's principle. Simultaneous pressures at peak systole (PSP), diastole (DP) and end-diastole (EDP) were recorded in the left (LV) and right ventricle (RV). The Qp/Qs ratio was correlated well with MFA (p = 0.05), MFA/BSA (p less than 0.001), PSFA/BSA (p less than 0.001), MFA/HR (p less than 0.05), MFA/BSA, HR (p less than 0.001), PSFA/BSA and HR (p,0.001). The PSP gradient between LV and RV was inversely correlated with MFA/BSA and PSFA/BSA (p less than 0.05) and HR (p less than 0.05). Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography can provide a useful information of hemodynamic changes in children with isolated ventricular septal defect.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indomethacin for the prevention of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants.

To assess the efficacy of prophylactic indomethacin in reducing the incidence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus, thirty two preterm infants weighing 750-1500 gm at birth were randomized to receive oral indomethacin or placebo. Fifteen infants received oral indomethacin with a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg at the 24th, 36th and 60th hour of age as the study group. The other 17 infants received 1 ml 0.33% saline in 5% G/W solution at the same schedule. Birth weight, gestational age, male/female ratio and severity of respiratory distress syndrome were similar for both groups. Nine of the 16 survivors of control group developed symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. On the contrary, only two of the 14 survivors who received prophylactic indomethacin developed symptomatic PDA (P less than 0.05). There were no significant difference in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, duration of oxygen therapy, duration of endotracheal intubation, days required to regain birth weight or complication between these two groups. The results indicated that the use of prophylactic oral indomethacin is beneficial in the prevention of symptomatic PDA in very low birth weight infant.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eosinophilic granuloma of sternum. Report of one case.

A rare case of solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the sternum in a 5-year-old boy is reported. He presented anterior chest pain and a nodular, somewhat tender mass over the sternum. Chest x-ray, tomography, CT scanning of the sternum and total body Gallium scanning revealed an isolated lytic lesion 5 cm below the sternal angle. An excisional biopsy of the mass showed the typical histologic appearance of eosinophilic granuloma. An isolated eosinophilic granuloma of sternum is rarely reported in the English literature. The differential diagnosis of sternal tumors and a review of eosinophilic granuloma of sternum is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benzazepine metabolism revisited. Evidence for the formation of novel amine conjugates.

Three novel metabolites of the benzazepine SK&F 86466 (6-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-1H-3-benzazepine) have been isolated from dog urine and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry, using fast atom bombardment and thermospray ionization, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The parent drug undergoes oxidation to yield an N-oxide or N-demethylation to yield the primary metabolite SK&F 101055 (6-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine). This desmethyl metabolite then undergoes N-sulfoconjugation to yield 6-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-3-N-sulfonate. Two glucuronide conjugates derived from the desmethyl metabolite were also isolated and characterized. One glucuronide is formed from an intermediate carbamic acid, formally derived from the addition of CO2 to the desmethyl benzazepine. A second glucuronide is derived from an intermediate hydroxylamine metabolite. Methodology for characterizing the carbamyl glucuronide was developed, using an ethanolysis reaction to give a stable ethyl carbamate derivative that can then be characterized by GC-MS. This methodology should prove useful in establishing whether such carbamylation reactions occur with other amines.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the baby check score in emergency room.

The performance of the Baby Check Score System for grading severity of acute systemic illness in infants under 6 months of age was assessed prospectively in 394 of the 495 babies who were brought to the Emergency Room of Veterans General Hospital (VGH), Taipei from April 1, 1992 to July 23, 1992. The scores were given by the interns. Duty residents graded the severity of each baby's illness without information on the score. Babies with serious illness scored higher than those with minor illness. The median score for well babies was 2 (range 0-5), for mild illness was 7 (range 0-20), for moderate illness was 14 (range 0-37), and for serious illness was 26 (range 12-40). Correlation between the assigned score and the grading of duty residents was good. The score's false negative rate to underestimate the moderately or seriously ill babies was 14.2% and false positive rate to overestimate well or mildly ill babies was 10.7%. Appropriate use of the Baby Check Score in the Emergency Room can help junior doctors detect serious illness, and reduce unnecessary admissions for only minor illness.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal polyps in children and adolescents--a review of 103 cases.

Juvenile polyps are the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in children and are the principal cause of hematochezia. A total of 103 children and adolescents with intestinal polyps have been treated in Veterans General Hospital-Taipei from March 1961 to March 1994. The diagnosis included 87 cases (84.5%) of juvenile polyps, 2 cases of isolated adenomatous polyp and 14 cases of inherited polyposis syndrome. Juvenile polyps most often occur in children between 2 to 10 years old, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. Rectal bleeding was the main symptom (97.7%). Of the 87 patients, 82.8% had isolated polyps and 83.3% of those were located in rectosigmoid colon. After extensive use of colonoscopy, the reported incidence of multiple polyps substantially increased, and more polyps were found proximal to the rectosigmoid colon. Most juvenile polyps were removed by colonoscopic polypectomy. The recurrent rate was 10.2%. One of the two cases of juvenile polyposis coli suffered from intussusception demanding partial colectomy. Recurrent polyps were found in the remaining colon and were removed by colonoscopic polypectomy. Seven patients of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome came from five families. At initial diagnosis, one case had no polyps and two presented with intussusception. A 19-year-old girl was found to have bilateral ovarian cysts. One of the three familial adenomatous polyposis had adenocarcinoma at initial evaluation. Two cases of Gardner's syndrome received sulindac treatment, and no evidence of malignancy was found after three years of follow-up.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinopathy in incontinentia pigmenti: a neonatal case report.

A female infant had erythematous vesicular skin lesions over the whole body and extremities in the early infancy. These skin lesions then changed to hyperpigmentation in whorls and splashes. Seizure attack was noted at one month old. Skin biopsy showed dyskeratosis, acanthosis, pigmenti incontinence, and massive infiltration of eosinophils. So Incontinentia pigmenti was confirmed. She also had hallmarks of retinal involvement, including peripheral retinal ischemia and neovascularization, which were similar to those seen in retinopathy of prematurity. Cryopexy was performed in her left eye and the lesions regressed.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal oscillometric blood pressure values in Chinese children during their first six years.

To establish normal blood pressure values, values of the upper arm blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, body length and thickness of skin fold over the deltoid area were measured in 3937 healthy children aged 1 day to 6 years. The cuff to measure the blood pressure was selected to cover a two-thirds length of the upper arm. Triple measurements of blood pressure and heart rate were obtained from infants younger than one year of age by an oscillometric device at supine position and in a quiet situation and at a sitting position from children older than one year. The average of blood pressure values (systolic/diastolic/mean) increased rapidly from 62.1/39.7/47.2 mmHg at age day one up to 72.7/46.9/56.6 mmHg at one week of life and up to 85.0/47.4/56.0 mmHg at age two months. After that, the blood pressure value (systolic/diastolic/mean) increased gradually with age. Blood pressure values (systolic/diastolic/mean) increased rapidly from 68.0/43.7/53.1 mmHg in children weighing less than 5 kg up to 87.6/41.8/59.8 mmHg in those weighing 5 to 10 kg; then values increased gradually with body weight. There were no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate between boys and girls with different ages, different body lengths or different body weights.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asphyxiated bladder syndrome in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Sixteen neonates and infants with asphyxiated bladder syndrome (ABS) were prospectively studied over a two-year period. Their transient urinary bladder distention had developed as a sequel of asphyxial events, and presented as delayed micturition in the absence of obstructive lesion. The incidence was 1.9 percent in this Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Five cases occurred in the neonatal period. All patients were younger than three years of age (mean: 9.1 months), and the incidence of ABS was 2.8 percent within this age group. For intermittent decompression of the bladder, all responded successfully to the suprapubic bladder expression method (Crede's maneuver). Most (81.3%, 13/16) ABS cases coexisted with intestinal dysfunction as either paralytic ileus (62.5%, 10/16) or as gas-less abdomen (18.8%, 3/16). There was no evidence of association with either systemic or urinary bacterial infection. Normal spontaneous voiding and bowel function were regained in all cases except one, who died early. Mean (SD) duration of bladder dysfunction was 66.9 (40.3) hours. Sonography showed normal kidneys and collecting system in all patients both during and after ABS episodes. Half of the patients (8/16) died ultimately. No urinary tract abnormality was found in post-mortem examinations in five cases.

Asphyxia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency of major pediatric illnesses hospitalized in Taiwan.

From January 1987 to December 1989, there were a total of 158,576 pediatric admissions to 24 major hospitals in Taiwan. The most common diseases leading to admission included respiratory tract disease (28.88%), neonatal illness (18.44%), gastrointestinal tract disease (14.20%) and common infectious diseases (8.45%). More than half (58.8%) of the children with respiratory tract disease had bronchopneumonia, and 80.8% of the children with gastrointestinal tract disease suffered from diarrhea. During the three-year study period, the average number of children under 14 years of age in Taiwan was 5,556,839. The frequency of each major illness per 1,000 children-years was thus 2.75 for respiratory tract disease, 1.75 for neonatal illness, 1.35 for gastrointestinal tract disease, 0.84 for common infectious disease, 0.49 for cardiovascular disease, 0.38 for neurological disorders, 0.27 for allergic diseases, 0.27 for hemato-oncologic disease, 0.14 for accidents, 0.13 for renal disease and 0.02 for metabolic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous central venous catheterization: five year experiment in a neonatal intensive care unit.

We evaluated the clinical application of percutaneous central venous catheter (PCVC) in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). During a five-year study, 610 PCVCs were placed in 496 infants for a total of 10,243 days. The success catheterization rate was 92%. Among them, 82.7% needed only one PCVC. The body weight of babies ranged from 460 g to 5,340 g. Of 610 PCVCs, 337 (45.2%) were placed in infants weighing 1,500 g or less. About half (50.7%) of the PCVCs were placed within the first 24 hours of life. Common sites for insertion were the dorsal aspect of hands (48.8%) and the antecubital region (25.1%). Mean PCVC stay was 17.6 days (range, less than 1 to 74 days). The duration was longer (18.5 days) in infants weighing 1,500 g or less. Almost four fifth (79.2%) of 586 PCVCs were removed electively and one tenth was due to either mechanical problems (10.7%) or suspected catheter-related infection (10.1%). Of 586 PCVCs, catheter-related sepsis was confirmed in 3.4% (20/586), or 2.1 per 1,000 catheter-days. No immediate complication was attributed to the insertion procedure. We conclude that PCVC is a safe and effective technique for prolonged intravenous therapy in NICU.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum and urinary interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels as predicting factors of Kawasaki disease activity.

From January 1988 to Autumn 1991, 60 patients suffering from Kawasaki disease (KD) were recruited in this study. Their ages ranged from 4 months to 5 years. Diagnosis was based on the criteria revised in 1984 by the KD Research Committee in Japan. Of these, 12 cases developed coronary aneurysms. First, blood samples from 60 KD patients were taken on admission before aspirin and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. Convalescent blood samples were taken 3 months after onset of disease. The control group included (1) 10 cases of viral infection with skin rash and fever (aged 5 months to 5 years) and (2) 10 age and sex matched normal children admitted for elective pediatric surgery such as inguinal hernia. Second, urinary samples were collected from 32 cases during the acute phase of KD. Of these, 10 cases had pyuria and/or proteinuria. The results showed that the serum IL-6 levels from KD patients during the first week of acute phase were significantly increased while undetectable in the convalescent sera and controls. There was also a statistical difference between the with and without coronary aneurysm groups during the first week (336.8 +/- 95.1 vs 125.5 +/- 56.5 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Urinary IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in KD patients with pyuria and/or proteinuria (156.6 +/- 77.7 pg/mg Cr) and undetectable in the group without pyuria and proteinuria and controls during the first week. There was no difference between with and without coronary aneurysm. These results suggest that serum IL-6 level is a useful factor for predicting formation of coronary aneurysm even within one week after onset of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers↗