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Biomedical subjects

B I Gel'tser

Publications and source records attributed to B I Gel'tser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Clinico-functional assessment of the daily dynamics of blood pressure in pneumonia patients].

AIM: To define the specific features of daily blood pressure (BP) variations in patients with extrahospital pneumonia (EHP) that has developed in the presence of baseline normotension and arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 83 patients aged 18 to 80 years who had EHP of varying severity were examined. Mild and moderate systolic and diastolic AH preceding EHP had occurred in 28 elderly patients. At the peak of the disease and before discharge, the patients underwent 24-hour BP monitoring with a portable ABPM-03 monitor ("Meditech", Hungary). RESULTS: At the peak of mild and moderate EHP, young patients had predominantly a normotensive daily BP curve whereas old patients with baseline normotension had systolic overload of target organs and a greater BP variability. At the peak of severe EHP, the normotensive patients had, irrespective of their age, systolic and diastolic arterial hypotension with a marked hypotensive overload and a low BP variability. In elderly patients with mild and moderate AH, non-severe EHP provoked negative changes in the daily BP profile (DBPP), which are indicative of an exacerbation of the disease as isolated systolic or systolic-and-diastolic AH, a greater BP variability, high values and rates of its morning elevation. At the peak of severe EHP, hypertensive old patients showed DBPP variations as two types: moderate systolic-and-diastolic hypotension or the unchanged hypertensive profile of a daily BP curve. CONCLUSION: Analyzing DBPP in patients with EHP has indicated that the nature and degree of its impairments at the peak of the disease are determined by three independent factors: age, severity of the disease, and baseline BP values. The findings may provide rational therapy for AH in patients with EHP.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Parameters of bone tissue density in patients with bronchial asthma].

AIM: To study bone density in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone densitometric indices were evaluated in 123 patients with BA in relation to the basic therapy, dosage, and the duration and severity of the disease. RESULTS: The bulk (59.3%) of BA patients is found to have the osteopenic syndrome whose detection rate increases with longer duration and greater severity. Decreased bone density is more evident with oral glucocorticoids (GCs) than with inhaled ones. The effect of topical GCs on bone density is determined by their bioavailability. The decrease in bone density is more noticeable in patients taking beclomethasone and minimal in those on basic fluticasone therapy. CONCLUSION: Considerable decreases in bone density in BA patients may be prevented by a rational basic therapy with first-line inhaled GCs with low bioavailability.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Alphacalcidol in the treatment of osteopenic syndrome in patients with bronchial asthma].

AIM: To assess effectiveness of alphacalcidol in the treatment of osteopenic syndrome in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 65 BA patients with low densitometric parameters of bone tissue density were examined for bone density, basic parameters of Ca-P metabolism and some markers of bone metabolism during 6-month therapy with alphacalcidol (alpha-D3-TEVA) in a dose 0.5-0.75 mcg/day. RESULTS: All the patients after 6 months of therapy experienced pain relief, normalization of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, lower risk of broken bones. Their bone tissue increased its density. CONCLUSION: Alphacalcidol has analgetic and antiresorptive properties. It effectively prevents and treats osteopenic syndrome in patients with bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Baroreceptor regulation of arterial pressure in elderly patients with systolic and essential hypertension].

AIM: To study efficiency of baroreceptor regulation of circulation with reference to vegetative regulation of the heart (VRH) and 24-h rhythms of blood pressure (BP) in elderly patients with systolic hypertension (SH) and essential hypertension (EH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Synchronous 24-h monitoring of BP, ECG with evaluation of VRH by the system Cardio Tens 01 (Meditech, Hungary), examination of BP baroreceptor regulation from carotid areas with the method "cervical Camera" and in performing active orthostatic test were conducted in 50 elderly patients with mild and moderate SH and EH. RESULTS: Weakening of BP baroresponse was more noticeable in SH patients than in EH patients though the cardiochronotropic component of baroreflex in EH was stronger. Stimulation of the carotid baroreflex by elevated BP is accompanied by different weakening of adrenergic efferentation depending on AH form. The results of testing baroreflex by BP reduction in the group of SH patients point to the absence of efficient reactions of systemic circulation. In EH, circulation reacts extra actively. The condition of the cardiovascular system in SH is characterized by marked amplitude hypertension and asynchronous 24-h rhythm of vegetative impacts on the myocardium in the presence of subnormal afferentation of carotid receptors. CONCLUSION: The baroreflex control of the cardiovascular system in various forms of AH differs from that of normotensive subjects. The baroreflex and parameters of 24-h profile of AP and VRH are correlated.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Assessment of the quality of life of cardiological patients: current approach].

The analysis of the literature data on quality of life (QL) in arterial hypertension (AH) demonstrates that ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists improve QL while such data on diuretics effect are contradictable. The comparison of pharmacological and surgical treatment effects on QL in patients with coronary heart disease shows that functionally and emotionally CHD patients benefit more from coronary artery bypass surgery. In early chronic cardiac failure QL falls because of the necessity to take treatment, lower everyday activity, work limitations. Later, QL deterioration depends on severity of cardiac activity decompensation is independent of central hemodynamics, myocardial contractility and psychological status of the patient. Adequate use of QL assessment may raise efficacy of treatment of circulatory diseases.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

[Biochemical and immunological markers of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

A cytokine profile and changes in bone metabolism were studied in 95 patients (30 females and 65 males) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subnormal bone density was diagnosed in 78% patients with COPD. Frequency of osteoporosis discovery in emphysema was higher than in chronic obstructive bronchitis and the degree of density loss in bone tissue depended on ventilation disturbance. Intensification of bone resorption in relatively stable osteogenesis was encountered in 73.6% patients and manifested in elevated CrossLaps concentration. A close correlation exists between proinflammatory cytokines, bone density and indices of bone metabolism in COPD. This suggests a significant role of cytokine-mediated mechanisms in pathogenesis of pulmonogenic osteopenia.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2002

[Functional and biochemical characteristics of the vasodilator effects of nebivolol in patients with arterial hypertension].

AIM: To examine nebivolol-induced changes in endothelial vasomotor function and blood concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The impact of 8-week nebivolol monotherapy on 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, ECG, autonomic heart regulation, changes in endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) and endothelium-independent vasodilation, on the plasma concentration of NO metabolites, and on the endothelial responsiveness index (ERI) were studied in 30 patients with stages I-II AH. RESULTS: Nebivolol provides a sufficient 24-hour BP monitoring, reduced heart rate, the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular myocardial mass with the optimization of autonomic cardiac regulation. The agent recovers NO-ergic regulation of endothelial vasomotor function in patients with AH by normalizing the basal level of NO and EDVD. The study of plasma NO metabolites before and during reactive hyperemia test with ERI calculation substantially extends an idea of the mechanisms of EDVD and supplements the diagnostic potentialities of this method. CONCLUSION: Dysfunction of the vascular endothelial NO-producing system occurs in patients with AH. In addition to its positive effect on 24-hour BP profile and myocardial morphofunctional parameters, nebivolol restores the NO-ergic regulation of endothelial vasomotor function in patients with AH, by potentiating NO expression, and modulates steady-state vasodilation.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Local cellular and humoral immunity in patients with acute bronchitis].

Complex investigation of some factors of local immunity in acute bronchitis (AB) was conducted in order to determine the mechanisms of formation of immunodeficient states in respiratory system and their influence on disease course. Study of cellular link of pulmonary local defense (PLD) included investigation of total number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), their viability, alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, lymphocytes (T- and B- lymphocytes), phagocytic index and phagocytic number of AM and neutrophils, receptor system of AM and neutrophils. Examination of PLD humoral factors in BALF in the patients with AB consisted of determination of IgA, IgM, IgG and lysocin contents. The data obtained shows the dependence of state of local cellular and humoral immunity on AB clinical-and-etiologic form. The most expressed degree of cellular and humoral immunodeficiency is caused by staphylococcal infection. The role of dysfunction of cellular and humoral link of pulmonary immune defense in bronchoobstructive syndrome genesis was established. Restoration of cellular and humoral immunity indices in convalescents with AB lags behind the time of clinical recovery. The significant degree of immunodeficiency in the patients with AB lingering form can be a pathogenetic factor in chronization of inflammatory process in lungs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Changes in biochemical inflammation markers in evaluation of the effectiveness of basic chemotherapy in bronchial asthma].

AIM: To analyse informative value of monitoring of NO metabolites concentration in condensate of expired air vapor (EAVC) for definition of bronchial asthma (BA) severity and antiinflammatory effect of basic therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: NO metabolites concentration in EAVC was measured with Grace's reagent in 76 adults and 180 children in the course of basic therapy with flixotide, tailed, ketotiphen with intal. RESULTS: NO metabolites occurred in high concentrations in EAVC of both children and adults. These concentrations were the highest in attacks and in severe BA and were reduced by basic therapy. This effect differed with the drug and its dose, e.g. flixotide and tailed given to children for a month reduced NO metabolites close to concentrations observed in healthy subjects. Ketotiphen and intal for 6 months failed to low NO metabolites significantly. CONCLUSION: NO secretion monitoring is sensitive in assessment of respiratory inflammation in BA and is informative in assessment of effectiveness of the basic therapy. In moderate BA children on flixotide and tailed were the first to achieve normal NO secretion in the airways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Clinico-functional evaluation of hypotensive effect of carvedilol in elderly patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension].

AIM: To study a hypotensive activity of carvedilol (dilatrend, Beringer Mannheim GMBH), its influence on 24-h profile of arterial pressure (AP), baroreceptor control of BP and vegetative regulation of the heart in elderly patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-week monotherapy with carvedilol in a single dose 25 mg/day was conducted in 47 elderly patients with mild or moderate isolated systolic or essential hypertension. The effect of the treatment was assessed by the data of synchronous 24-h monitoring of blood pressure (BP), ECG, by variability of the cardiac rhythm (Cardio Tens, Cardio Tens 01, Meditech, Hungary), baroreceptor regulation of BP (the study of synocarotid areas by the method of "cervical" camera). RESULTS: Carvedilol produced a positive trend in the clinicofunctional indices of the circulation. The hypotensive effect lasted 24 hours in 78.8% of the examinees. The drug had no negative effect on the circadian rhythm of AP, is active early in the morning, did not induce a rise in the hypotonic load or diagnostically significant deviation of ST segment, reduced AP variability, improved vegetative and baroreceptor regulation of blood circulation. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol in a dose 25 mg/day is an effective monotherapy of mild and moderate AH in elderly patients.

Adrenergic Antagonists↗