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Biomedical subjects

B I Gel'tser

Publications and source records attributed to B I Gel'tser.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Assessment of the quality of life of cardiological patients: current approach].

The analysis of the literature data on quality of life (QL) in arterial hypertension (AH) demonstrates that ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists improve QL while such data on diuretics effect are contradictable. The comparison of pharmacological and surgical treatment effects on QL in patients with coronary heart disease shows that functionally and emotionally CHD patients benefit more from coronary artery bypass surgery. In early chronic cardiac failure QL falls because of the necessity to take treatment, lower everyday activity, work limitations. Later, QL deterioration depends on severity of cardiac activity decompensation is independent of central hemodynamics, myocardial contractility and psychological status of the patient. Adequate use of QL assessment may raise efficacy of treatment of circulatory diseases.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

[Biochemical and immunological markers of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

A cytokine profile and changes in bone metabolism were studied in 95 patients (30 females and 65 males) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subnormal bone density was diagnosed in 78% patients with COPD. Frequency of osteoporosis discovery in emphysema was higher than in chronic obstructive bronchitis and the degree of density loss in bone tissue depended on ventilation disturbance. Intensification of bone resorption in relatively stable osteogenesis was encountered in 73.6% patients and manifested in elevated CrossLaps concentration. A close correlation exists between proinflammatory cytokines, bone density and indices of bone metabolism in COPD. This suggests a significant role of cytokine-mediated mechanisms in pathogenesis of pulmonogenic osteopenia.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2002

[Functional and biochemical characteristics of the vasodilator effects of nebivolol in patients with arterial hypertension].

AIM: To examine nebivolol-induced changes in endothelial vasomotor function and blood concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The impact of 8-week nebivolol monotherapy on 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, ECG, autonomic heart regulation, changes in endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) and endothelium-independent vasodilation, on the plasma concentration of NO metabolites, and on the endothelial responsiveness index (ERI) were studied in 30 patients with stages I-II AH. RESULTS: Nebivolol provides a sufficient 24-hour BP monitoring, reduced heart rate, the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular myocardial mass with the optimization of autonomic cardiac regulation. The agent recovers NO-ergic regulation of endothelial vasomotor function in patients with AH by normalizing the basal level of NO and EDVD. The study of plasma NO metabolites before and during reactive hyperemia test with ERI calculation substantially extends an idea of the mechanisms of EDVD and supplements the diagnostic potentialities of this method. CONCLUSION: Dysfunction of the vascular endothelial NO-producing system occurs in patients with AH. In addition to its positive effect on 24-hour BP profile and myocardial morphofunctional parameters, nebivolol restores the NO-ergic regulation of endothelial vasomotor function in patients with AH, by potentiating NO expression, and modulates steady-state vasodilation.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Local cellular and humoral immunity in patients with acute bronchitis].

Complex investigation of some factors of local immunity in acute bronchitis (AB) was conducted in order to determine the mechanisms of formation of immunodeficient states in respiratory system and their influence on disease course. Study of cellular link of pulmonary local defense (PLD) included investigation of total number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), their viability, alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, lymphocytes (T- and B- lymphocytes), phagocytic index and phagocytic number of AM and neutrophils, receptor system of AM and neutrophils. Examination of PLD humoral factors in BALF in the patients with AB consisted of determination of IgA, IgM, IgG and lysocin contents. The data obtained shows the dependence of state of local cellular and humoral immunity on AB clinical-and-etiologic form. The most expressed degree of cellular and humoral immunodeficiency is caused by staphylococcal infection. The role of dysfunction of cellular and humoral link of pulmonary immune defense in bronchoobstructive syndrome genesis was established. Restoration of cellular and humoral immunity indices in convalescents with AB lags behind the time of clinical recovery. The significant degree of immunodeficiency in the patients with AB lingering form can be a pathogenetic factor in chronization of inflammatory process in lungs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Changes in biochemical inflammation markers in evaluation of the effectiveness of basic chemotherapy in bronchial asthma].

AIM: To analyse informative value of monitoring of NO metabolites concentration in condensate of expired air vapor (EAVC) for definition of bronchial asthma (BA) severity and antiinflammatory effect of basic therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: NO metabolites concentration in EAVC was measured with Grace's reagent in 76 adults and 180 children in the course of basic therapy with flixotide, tailed, ketotiphen with intal. RESULTS: NO metabolites occurred in high concentrations in EAVC of both children and adults. These concentrations were the highest in attacks and in severe BA and were reduced by basic therapy. This effect differed with the drug and its dose, e.g. flixotide and tailed given to children for a month reduced NO metabolites close to concentrations observed in healthy subjects. Ketotiphen and intal for 6 months failed to low NO metabolites significantly. CONCLUSION: NO secretion monitoring is sensitive in assessment of respiratory inflammation in BA and is informative in assessment of effectiveness of the basic therapy. In moderate BA children on flixotide and tailed were the first to achieve normal NO secretion in the airways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Clinico-functional evaluation of hypotensive effect of carvedilol in elderly patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension].

AIM: To study a hypotensive activity of carvedilol (dilatrend, Beringer Mannheim GMBH), its influence on 24-h profile of arterial pressure (AP), baroreceptor control of BP and vegetative regulation of the heart in elderly patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-week monotherapy with carvedilol in a single dose 25 mg/day was conducted in 47 elderly patients with mild or moderate isolated systolic or essential hypertension. The effect of the treatment was assessed by the data of synchronous 24-h monitoring of blood pressure (BP), ECG, by variability of the cardiac rhythm (Cardio Tens, Cardio Tens 01, Meditech, Hungary), baroreceptor regulation of BP (the study of synocarotid areas by the method of "cervical" camera). RESULTS: Carvedilol produced a positive trend in the clinicofunctional indices of the circulation. The hypotensive effect lasted 24 hours in 78.8% of the examinees. The drug had no negative effect on the circadian rhythm of AP, is active early in the morning, did not induce a rise in the hypotonic load or diagnostically significant deviation of ST segment, reduced AP variability, improved vegetative and baroreceptor regulation of blood circulation. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol in a dose 25 mg/day is an effective monotherapy of mild and moderate AH in elderly patients.

Adrenergic Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

[Biochemical markers of inflammation and bronchial obstruction].

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was studied in 139 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). 90 of them had chronic bronchitis, 35--bronchial asthma. Overall metabolites of nitric oxide, histamine, serotonin, malonic dialdehyde were measured. Correlations were studied between concentrations of biologically active compounds and lung ventilation in exacerbation and remission. It was found that levels of indolalkylamines change in one direction both in inflammation and bronchial obstruction. Lipid peroxidation in BAL is closely connected with inflammation in both the diseases and is not related with disorders in lung ventilation. Nitric oxide metabolites differed: gas secretion in bronchial asthma exacerbation is higher than in chronic obstructive bronchitis. In its remission, nitric oxide activity is low, while in bronchial asthma it persisted higher than in healthy subjects.

Asthma↗
PubMed2000

[Osmo-adalat in the treatment of isolated systolic and systolic-diastolic arterial hypertension in aged patients].

AIM: To examine efficiency and tolerance of osmo-adalat in monotherapy of mild and moderate arterial hypertension (AH) in the elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 AH patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received osmo-adalat monotherapy in daily dose 30 mg for 3 weeks. These were 14 patients with isolated systolic AH (ISAH) and 16 patients with essential hypertension (EH). Of group 2 patients, 15 with ISAH and 15 with EH received cordipin in a dose 10 mg three times a day. All the patients underwent 24-h monitoring of arterial pressure, in 18 patients arterial pressure and ECG were registered in parallel for 24 hours. RESULTS: AH treatment with osmo-adalat is rather effective. This is proved by its positive effect on shifted profile of arterial pressure in patients with ISAH and EH. A fall of arterial pressure on the peak of osmo-adalat antihypertensive action is not associated with hypotonic overloading of target organs, myocardial ischemia and increased heart rate. A single intake of osmo-adalat provides a smooth circadian control of arterial pressure in elderly hypertensive patients, the end effect being 50% of the peak one. The drug is well tolerated. Side effects do not require osmo-adalat discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Osmo-adalat in a single daily dose 30 mg is effective and safe in the treatment of mild and moderate AH in elderly patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

[Diagnostic role of lungs electric probing].

AIM: Basing on the data of spot electric probing (SEP), to derive principles underlying changes in conduction characteristics of pulmonary tissue in various diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dynamic SEP of the lungs was made with 4 electrodes in 72 patients with pulmonary diseases. Two parameters were considered: resistivity and frequency variability of resistivity. RESULTS: SEP was effective in detection of lung tissue airiness and thickening, accumulation of pleural fluid. The use of a novel parameter--frequency variability of resistivity--raises diagnostic potential of electric probing. CONCLUSION: SEP is an informative method in diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Thus, it holds promise for clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Nitric-oxidergic mechanisms in the regulation of the bronchi and their significance in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma].

AIM: Assessment of NO-synthase (NOS) activity in bronchial asthma (BA) basing on cytochemical identification and quantitation of NADPN-diaphorase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Operative samples from 12 BA patients and biopsies from 8 patients free of bronchial inflammation or obstruction. Experimental data on control and BA rat males injected either with NOS agonist acetyl choline (AC) or beta-2-agonist fenoterol (F). RESULTS: A direct relationship was found between BA severity and activity of NADPN-diaphorase resultant from activation of inducible NOS (iNOS) mediating constrictive effect via different cellular and humoral mechanisms. AC treatment caused bronchial relaxation and severe constriction in control and BA rats, respectively, though NADPN-diaphorase activity was enhanced in both groups. Introduction of F brought about bronchial relaxation in both groups. However, there were some cases of constriction in the bronchi with impaired epithelium and high baseline iNOS activity. CONCLUSION: In intact bronchial epithelium, administration of cholino- and adrenoreceptors agonists induced bronchial myocyte relaxation due to activation of constitutive NOS. In impaired bronchial epithelium, AC stimulates iNOS induction provoking severe constriction of small bronchi.

Acetylcholine↗