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Biomedical subjects

B I Gel'tser

Publications and source records attributed to B I Gel'tser.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[The adaptive reactions of the cardiorespiratory system in chronic bronchitis and its premorbid forms].

AIM: Investigation of pulmonary ventilation, blood flow and cardiodynamics in subjects at risk of chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease (CNPD), prebronchitis (PB) and chronic bronchitis (CB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 118 workers exposed to toxico-chemical factors underwent zonal rheography. RESULTS: At early stages of CB marked disorders of pulmonary ventilation and blood flow in the lungs were revealed. These disorders in subjects with threatened CNPD were regional and accompanied by a moderate increase in power inputs of the cardiorespiratory system. The maintenance of adequate pulmonary exchange in patients with PB entailed functional tension of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems that contributed to decompensation of adaptive mechanisms and occasionally to development of rheographic signs of pneumosclerosis in the lung zones with damaged ventilation and low perfusion of the pulmonary vessels. CONCLUSION: Overloading and decompensation of respiratory and cardial mechanisms of gas exchange regulation in the lungs in response to external damage may lead to development of myocardiodystrophy and pneumosclerosis which appear to be the "price of adaptation".

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

[The NADPH-diaphorase activity of the bronchial epithelium in chronic lung diseases].

Topochemistry and activity of NADP-H diaphorase co-localized with NO synthase was examined in operative material of lungs from patients with bronchial asthma (BA), chronic nonobstructive bronchitis (CNO) and chronic obstructive bronchitis. The enzyme activity was found to be dependent upon the types of obstruction and inflammation. In CNO the state of NO synthase was not changed. In conditions of progressive irreversible airway obstruction the enzyme activity was augmented in small bronchi epithelium and alveolar macrophages (AM). In reversible obstruction the activity of NO synthase was not changed in the epithelium but appeared high in resident cells of inflammation--AM and mast cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The functional activity of pulmonary surfactant in chronic bronchitis].

Lung surfactant (LS) was examined in the course of chronic bronchitis (CB) development in 25 subjects with CB risk factors (RF), 80 with prebronchitis (PB), 30 with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNOB) and 45 with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). Biochemical study of the expirates covered total phospholipids (TP), fractions of neutral lipids, several fatty acids (FA), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), antiradical activity (ARA). Development of CB was accompanied with shifts in LS functional activity. In patients with RF the shifts reflected adaptation. In PB, CNOB and COB patients LS got damaged. The damage was detected by biochemical markers: elevated level of polyunsaturated FA, accumulation of MDA and low ARA.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1996

[Mucociliary function in acute pneumonia].

Radioaerosol method was employed to follow up mucociliary transport (MT) efficacy in 97 patients with acute pneumonia (AP). The most pronounced suppression of MT was found in repeated and lingering AP. If causative agents were represented by adenoviruses, streptococci and influenza bacillus suppression of MT appeared more noticeable. Correlations of MT with pulmonary ventilation support the role of mucociliary insufficiency in genesis of bronchial obstruction in AP. The majority of the convalescents fail to achieve complete recovery of MT.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[The macrolide antibiotic rovamycin in the treatment of pneumonias].

A clinical trial was made of the efficacy of macrolide antibiotic rovamycin (spiromycin) in 30 patients (mean age 35 +/- 12 years) with moderate extrahospital pneumonia. In group I (12 patients) with affection of at least 2 lung segments rovamycin was intravenously infused for 3 days (3,000,000 IU 2 times a day), then given orally for 5 days (3,000,000 IU 2 times a day every 12 hours). 18 patients of group 2 with 1-2 affected lung segments received rovamycin per os for 5-7 days three times a day (9,000,000 IU a day). Pneumonia etiology was verified in 22 patients. Str. pneumonia, Hemophilus influenzae, Staph, aureus. Str. pyogenes were registered in 10, 3, 2, 2 cases, respectively. Five patients had associations of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Hospital stay lasted 13.4 +/- 0.7 days. At the end of the second week of the treatment pneumonia resolved in 100% of patients. Rovamycin proved low toxic and well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The mechanisms of the development of respiratory tract ciliary dysfunction in nonspecific lung diseases].

An original TV system was employed to evaluate ciliary function of the respiratory epithelium in patients with acute pneumonia, acute bronchitis, prebronchitis, chronic bronchitis. Criteria for identification of early ciliary dysfunction have been developed. The effects on ciliary movements of eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, protease, biogenic amines and mechanisms underlying ciliary dysfunction in nonspecific pulmonary diseases are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Proteinase-inhibitors and renin in the pathogenesis of vascular insufficiency in acute pneumonia].

The system proteinases-inhibitors and renin were studied in 105 acute pneumonia (AP) patients, the blood of whom was examined for concentrations of elastase, acid proteases (AP), alpha 1-inhibitor of proteases (alpha 1-IP), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG) and active or inactive, total renin (TR). A separate group included 18 AP cases complicated by infective toxic shock (ITS). An imbalance was proved in the system proteinases-inhibitors with dominance of the inhibitory potential. In a "cold" variant of ITS proteolytic blood activity rose while the inhibitory capacity fell. Moderate and severe AP forms were associated with lowered blood levels of active R and elevated of inactive R, TR. In arterial hypotonia and ITS these changes were most demonstrable. Elastase, alpha 1-IP, alpha 2-MG and active R, inactive R, TR exhibited close correlation. The discussion covered mechanisms of hemodynamic disturbances in AP with consideration of depressed renin-angiotensin system and imbalance of proteinases and their inhibitors.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Interrelationship between lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid and pulmonary blood flow and ventilation in acute pneumonia].

High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to measure the blood content of lipoxygenase metabolites (LM) of arachidonic acid: leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and hydroxyeicosatetraene acids (5 HETE, 12 HETE, 15 HETE) in 65 patients with acute pneumonia (AP) of mild gravity (group 1) and of medium gravity (group 2), in 23 patients with acute bronchitis (AB), and in 15 normal male persons aged 18 to 20 years. In all the examined, the zonal pulmonary blood flow was measured by regional rheopulmonography. External respiratory function (ERF) was also determined together with the recording of the flow-volume loop. At the height of AP and AB, all the patients demonstrated an increase of LM in the blood, with the maximum LM content being recorded in group 2. During convalescence, AB and AP patients of group 1 manifested normalization of the majority of the parameters. In group 2, they significantly exceeded the control level. 5 and 15 HETE had the closest correlations with the blood flow parameters, whereas LTB4 and 12 HETE had less intensive correlations. The influences of LM such as 5 and 15 HETE on the pulmonary blood flow were associated with deterioration of the blood content of the lungs and venous return, the action of LTB4 was coupled with venous congestion formation, that of 12 HETE with the rise of vascular resistance. Close negative correlations of LTB4 and 5 HETE with the majority of ERF parameters indicate that they are important factors in the pathogenesis of restrictive and obstructive ventilatory disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Ciliary activity of the ciliated epithelium of the airways in patients with acute pneumonia].

A TV unit was employed to study ciliary activity of bronchial ciliated epithelium in 53 patients with acute pneumonia (AP) at its height and in convalescence. Ciliary impairment of the epithelium is independent of AP clinical form (lobular or croupous) or of dissemination of the inflammation though is related to endobronchitis activity. The ciliary dysfunction emerged in all the patients at the height of the disease and in 65.3% of convalescents. Latent dysfunction was revealed by thermal and euphylline tests in 34.7% of the convalescents. Diagnostic criteria of ciliary dysfunction are proposed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of spinal anesthesia using lidocaine combined with morphine].

Spinal anesthesia with 2% solution of lidocaine++ in combination with 1-1.5 mg of morphine is more effective as compared with an analogous method of anesthesia without a narcotic analgetic: it considerably increased the quality of the above mentioned analgesia at the expense of an increased blockade of nociceptive reactions and longer duration of the surgical stage of anesthesia and also results in continuous postoperative analgesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Interrelation between the lipid composition of expirates and lung ventilation function in patients with acute pneumonia].

A study was made of the lung surfactant (LS) according to the results of an analysis of neutral lipid fractions, examination of total phospholipids (PL) and surface tension (ST) in expirates (EX) of 127 patients with acute pneumonia (AP), 30 patients with acute bronchitis (AB) and in 77 healthy persons. As compared to the control and AB patients, AP patients demonstrated a significant increase in EX of the level of cholesterol (CS), esters of cholesterol (ECS), free fatty acids (FFA), PL, ST and a decrease of the content of tri- and diglycerides (TG, DG). Linear negative correlations were established between external respiration and CS, ECS, FFA, ST and positive ones between external respiration and TG and DG. Relations between ventilation and PL were of nonlinear character. Parameters that characterize the pulmonary volumes and capacities correlated most closely with some lipid fractions whereas parameters of bronchial patency had relations of medium and low intensity. It is concluded that destructive processes in the LS are likely to be coupled. The given processes are reflected in the rise of lipid fractions in EX, with ventilation function of the lungs being deranged in AP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Surface-active properties of expirates in patients with acute pneumonia].

Surface activity of expirates, expired vapours was studied in 143 male patients, aged 18 to 20 years with acute pneumonia (AP). A colorimetric procedure based on estimation of the intensity of sudan solubilization by lipids contained in expirate condensates was used. The control group included 30 patients with acute bronchitis and 50 healthy persons of the same age and sex. The level of the expirate surface activity lowering depended on the volume of the lung tissue affection: in the patients with croupous and polysegmental focal pneumonia the changes were the most marked. In the patients with pneumococcal and staphylococcal AP the expirate surface activity (ESA) was significantly lower than in the patients with AP caused by streptococci and microbial associations. Analysis of relationships between the ESA and a complex of indices of external respiration revealed that in the majority of the cases the relationships were not linear except reverse correlation of the ESA to the expiration volumetric rate during the first second and the expiration maximum volumetric rate at the level of 50 per cent vital capacity of the lungs. In the patients with lingering AP the ESA at the disease peak was significantly lower than in the patients with the usual AP process. Complete normalization of the ESA was observed only in 24 per cent of the reconvalescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A method for recording the motor activity of the cilia of ciliated epithelium].

The article deals with the television system which registers the lash movements on the screen of TV monitor. The natural moving activity (frequency of whipping) and lashes' activity after the action of different concentration of surface-active substance Triton-H-305 and potassium chloride were investigated on the example of the epithelium of two-folding molluscum. It observes the following type of lashes reaction: unbroken (continuous) whipping, mechanically induced stopping of whipping ("stop effect"), spontaneous "stop effect", starting of whipping due to mechanic action-specific "sorting" lashes (the last are described for the first time).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Various aspects of the pathogenesis of cardiorespiratory disorders in acute pneumonia].

A complex of non-invasive methods was used to study cardiohemodynamics of the greater and pulmonary circulation in 150 patients with acute pneumonia. It has been demonstrated that there is a functional interrelation between the level of arterial hypoxemia, the intensity of restrictive and obstructive disorders of ventilation and cardiohemodynamics. The mechanisms of adaptation reactions of the circulatory apparatus in acute pneumonia are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antioxidant effect of a Ural licorice product in acute impairment of pulmonary surfactant by total gamma irradiation].

Total single irradiation of rats at a dose of 2 Gy caused activation of lipid peroxidation in lung surfactant and blood serum within 7 days. Most pronounced alterations occurred in content of 2-thiobarbituric acid-positive substances and in activity of the antioxidant system enzymes. Administration of the preparation isolated from Liquorice uraliensis within 2 weeks before the irradiation and within 7 days after the treatment contributed to inhibition of the radiation-induced lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗