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Biomedical subjects

B Ingervall

Publications and source records attributed to B Ingervall.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Influence of surgical tongue reduction on pressure from the tongue on the teeth.

Pressures from the tongue on the teeth were recorded in 21 children and adolescents before and after surgical reduction of the tongue. The recordings were made before surgery, and 6 and 12 months after the operation. Simultaneous measurements were made at the lingual surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors and at the left first molar, in the rest position and during chewing and swallowing. The method had been used in a previous study of normal cases, which served as a reference. Presurgical pressures recorded in the rest position at the maxillary incisors agreed with measurements recorded in the same location in the reference sample. Measurements recorded during rest in the other locations were somewhat higher than those of the reference group. Pressures recorded before the surgery during chewing and swallowing varied from similar measurements made in the reference group. At the recording 6 months after surgery, resting pressures at the molars were lower than they had been presurgically. No significant differences were found for pressures during chewing. A lower pressure was recorded in one location during swallowing. At the recordings made 12 months after surgery none of the pressures differed significantly from the presurgical values. Resting pressures were, however, lower than they had been before surgery and were closer to those of the reference sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Force delivery from a transpalatal arch for the correction of unilateral first molar cross-bite.

The forces and moments delivered by prefabricated transpalatal arches of the makes Unitek, GAC, and Ormco were studied in laboratory experiments. The Unitek and GAC arches were made of steel, and the Ormco arch of beta-titanium alloy (TMA). Three types of activation were investigated: for bilateral expansion in a statically indeterminate system and for unilateral expansion in a statically determinate system with and without torque activation. In addition to the arch design, composition, and mode of activation, the influence of arch size and degree of activation were studied. It was found that activation for unilateral expansion with the inclusion of torque in the statically determinate system produced forces and moments suitable for the correction of a unilateral cross-bite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Tooth contacts in eccentric mandibular positions and facial morphology.

Correlations between facial morphology and tooth contacts in excursive mandibular positions were studied in 75 men aged 20 to 33 years. The morphology of the dentition was verified on dental casts and the face was measured by use of roentgen cephalometry. No correlation was observed between facial morphology and the number of tooth contacts in the retruded position; however, wide dental arches and jaws displayed many contacts on protrusion. Numerous contacts on the functional side in group function were noted in individuals with a facial morphology associated with distal occlusion, such as Angle class II, division 1. Wide dental arches were associated with multiple functional-side contacts whereas tooth contacts on the nonfunctional side were related to the inclination of the mandible. A "long-face" morphology was related to contacts on the nonfunctional side. There was a negative correlation between the extent of the overbite (vertical overlap) and the number of tooth contacts on the nonfunctional side.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mandibular displacement in Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion.

The effect of the treatment of Angle Class II, Division 2 malocclusion was studied in 22 children by x-ray cephalometry and by recording the relation between the retruded and the intercuspal mandibular positions. The treatment was performed in three phases. In the first phase the upper incisors were proclined, and the deep bite was corrected with an upper removable plate. In the second phase the distal occlusion was corrected with an activator. The result was retained in the third phase with a second activator designed for retention. The relation between the retruded (RCP) and the intercuspal (ICP) mandibular positions was recorded with wax bites and dental casts mounted in a modified gnathothesiometer. The anteroposterior distance between RCP and ICP was large before the start of the treatment. The distance was unchanged after proclination of the upper incisors and correction of the deep bite but decreased after correction of the distal occlusion and increased again somewhat during the retention phase. The proclination of the upper incisors and the correction of the deep bite (phase one of the treatment) did not result in mandibular anterior positioning. This fact and the results of the recordings of the relation between RCP and ICP were interpreted as evidence that the mandible is not posteriorly displaced in Class II, Division 2 malocclusion.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1992

No posterior mandibular displacement in Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion as revealed with electromyography and sirognathography.

The activity of the anterior and posterior temporal, and of the masseter muscles was studied by electromyography and the position of the mandible by sirognathography. The recordings were made in 22 children, aged 8-13 years, with Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion before and during treatment of their malocclusion. The treatment comprised two phases: proclination of the upper incisors and bite raising with a removable plate, and the subsequent correction of the distal occlusion with an activator. The aim of the study was to reveal signs of anterior mandibular positioning during the treatment. The electromyographic recordings were made in the rest position of the mandible, and during maximal biting, chewing, and swallowing. The sirognathographic recordings comprised the positions of the mandible at rest, at intercuspation, and during tooth contact during chewing and maximal mandibular movements. The muscle activity at rest was unchanged during the period of observation. The activity during maximal biting, chewing, and swallowing decreased during the phase of proclination, which was interpreted as a result of occlusal instability. The positions of the mandible at rest, at intercuspation, and during chewing were stable during the treatment. Neither the electromyographic recordings nor the recordings of mandibular positions revealed any signs of anterior mandibular positioning during the treatment of the Class II, division 2 malocclusion.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Further studies of the pressure from the tongue on the teeth in young adults.

The pressures from the tongue on the teeth were recorded simultaneously in four locations lingual to the upper and lower central incisors, and left first molars in 20 young adults with largely normal occlusion. Measurements in the rest position, and during chewing and swallowing were made with an extra-oral pressure transducer incorporated in a fluid-filled system with intra-oral mouthpieces. The size of the dental arches was determined from dental casts. The median pressures in the rest position were low and negative at the upper incisors. Negative pressures at rest were recorded in a few subjects at all four points of measurement, most frequently at the upper incisors and least frequently at the lower molar. The pressures during swallowing were 2-4 times greater than those during chewing. There were no significant correlations between the pressures found and those recorded in the same individuals at an examination 2 years earlier. Positive correlations were found between the pressures recorded in the four locations during the various functions. This was interpreted as being an effect of the size of the tongue. The relatively few correlations between the pressures and the parameters describing the dental arch size indicated an adaptive role of the tongue within the confines of the dental arches.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks.

The treatment of anterior skeletal open bite was studied in two groups of children. The children of one group wore a removable spring-loaded bite-block in the lower jaw for one year. The bite-block exerted an intrusive force on the upper and lower posterior teeth. The children of the other group were treated for 3 months with bite-blocks with repelling magnets. These bite-blocks were cemented on the posterior teeth of both jaws. The effects of treatment were monitored by measurement of the bite-force (group with spring bite-blocks only), by electromyographic recording of the activity of the temporal and masseter muscles, and by X-ray cephalometry. Recordings were made before, during, and at the end of the treatment, and at a follow-up observation. The bite-force increased during the first months of treatment, but was then unchanged. The activity of the masseter muscle during maximal bite also increased in the first part of the period of treatment with a spring bite-block. In the group treated with magnetic bite-blocks, there was an increase in the resting activity of the masseter muscle and in the chewing activity of the anterior temporal muscle. The effects of the treatment on bite and facial morphology were less marked in the group with spring bite-blocks than in the group with magnetic bite-blocks, with an average improvement of the overbite of 1.3 mm with the spring bite-block therapy. In the group with magnetic bite-blocks, the average improvement in overbite was 3 mm. This was thought to be due to anterior rotation of the mandible and increased eruption of the incisors. The mandibular rotation was a result of intrusion of the upper and lower posterior teeth and possibly also increased mandibular growth. A follow-up of the cases treated with magnetic bite-blocks revealed a tendency for the beneficial effects of the treatment to relapse which possibly could be counteracted by a long phase of active retention.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of Class II, div. 1 malocclusion with the activator and with the Begg technique.

The effect of treatment of Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion with an Andresen activator or with the Begg technique with or without premolar extraction was studied retrospectively with X-ray cephalometry. The treatment with the Begg technique was followed by a phase of retention with an activator. Three groups of 25 children who had been treated with one of the methods were compared regarding facial morphology and soft tissue profile before and after the treatment and changes during the period of treatment. The treatment effect (correction of the distal occlusion and normalisation of the overjet and overbite) was similar with the three methods. The overjet was mainly corrected through skeletal changes, which accounted for 70%, 77% and 62% of the overjet correction produced by the activator, Begg extraction and Begg non-extraction treatment, respectively. Thus, all three methods of treatment had a skeletal (orthopedic) effect. The dental component of the overjet correction was with all three methods of treatment a retroclination of the upper incisors. This was to some extent offset by a retrusion of the lower incisors, which also occurred in all groups. The facial morphology and the soft tissue profile after the treatment were similar in the three groups. There were no differences in the soft tissue profile and only marginal differences in facial morphology as a result of the three methods of treatment.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1991

Temporal muscle activity during the first year of Class II, division 1 malocclusion treatment with an activator.

The activity of the anterior and posterior temporal muscles in response to treatment with a splint type of activator was studied in children with distal occlusion. The effect on muscle activity was compared with that in a similar group of children being treated with a headgear and with that in a control group receiving orthodontic treatment for Class I malocclusion. Electromyographic recordings were made with the mandible in the rest position and, during maximal bite, in the intercuspal position. The recordings were made before the start of the treatment and on three later occasions at 4-month intervals. The activity in the rest position was constant during the 1-year period of observation. During maximal bite the activity of the posterior temporal muscle decreased significantly in the group with headgear and the control group and in a subgroup of children with large protrusions in the construction bite who had been treated with activators. This decrease was considered to be an effect of occlusal instability brought about by the treatment. There was no evidence of a decrease in the postural (rest) activity of the posterior temporal muscle, although such a decrease has been described as a sign of forward displacement of the mandible during treatment with a functional appliance.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1991

Pattern of tooth contacts in eccentric mandibular positions in young adults.

Tooth contact patterns in laterotrusion, protrusion of the mandible, and in the retruded position were recorded in young men with varying types of occlusion. The tooth contacts were recorded clinically with alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid) indices. In addition, the functional state of the masticatory system was evaluated by the recording of signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and of the abrasion of the teeth. On protrusion, most subjects had contacts only on anterior teeth. Protrusive contacts only on posterior teeth were rare. On laterotrusion, most subjects had group function on the functional side. Contact on the nonfunctional side was found in half of the subjects in a 1.5 mm laterotrusive position and in one third of them in a 3 mm laterotrusive position. No correlation between the types of tooth contacts and mandibular dysfunction was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pressure from the tongue on the teeth in young adults.

Pressure from the tongue on the teeth was measured at the upper and lower central incisors and left first molars in 25 young adults with clinically normal occlusion. Repeated recordings with and without a period for accommodation to the intraoral measuring device, which was connected to an extraoral pressure transducer, were made in the rest position and during chewing and swallowing. Only minimal effects of accommodation were found. The system can thus be used without a period of adaptation before the actual test. The intraindividual pressure variations were of the same magnitude as for measurements of the pressure from the oro-facial soft tissues on the teeth recorded in earlier studies. The majority of the subjects had negative pressures at the upper and lower incisors and at the upper molar in the rest position. The pressures on the teeth during swallowing were comparatively great, while pressures during chewing were one-fourth to one-half of the swallowing pressures.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Long-term stability of treatment results in cleft lip and palate patients.

The stability of the orthodontic and prosthetic results of the treatment of 18 individuals with isolated cleft of the palate, 18 subjects with a complete unilateral and 8 with a complete bilateral cleft was evaluated in an eight-year follow-up period. The subjects were examined at the age of 19 years, after completed orthodontic and surgical treatment, and again at the age of 27 years. After the first examination the majority of the individuals with a complete cleft had at the age of 20 to 21 years been treated with a fixed bridge which was only minimally extended. The width of the upper dental arch at the second bicuspid decreased slightly in the subjects with an isolated cleft of the palate and in those with a bilateral cleft. In the subjects with a unilateral cleft there was a slight decrease of the upper dental arch widths at both bicuspids and at the first molar. In the subjects with complete clefts the slight decrease in upper dental arch widths was accompanied by a slight increase of the number of posterior teeth in cross-bite. The total number of teeth in cross-bite was small, however. On the whole, the upper dental arch was relatively stable during the follow-up period. This was found in the group with bilateral clefts, reconstructed with 5-8 unit bridges, as well as in the subjects with a unilateral cleft who had received no or only minimally extended reconstructions and in the group with an isolated cleft of the palate (no bridge).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of surgical reduction of the tongue on oral stereognosis, oral motor ability, and the rest position of the tongue and mandible.

The oral ability to recognize forms and oral motor ability were studied by means of two specific tests in 27 subjects, 10 to 23 years of age, before and after tongue reduction because of macroglossia. Recordings were made before and 6 and 12 months after the operation. At the same time the natural position of the head and of the cervical column, the craniocervical relation, the position of the tongue and the hyoid bone, and the rest position of the mandible were studied with profile roentgen-cephalometry. The surgical reduction of the tongue had a minor influence on the subject's performance in the test of oral ability to recognize forms, where the number of false identifications increased somewhat. The oral motor ability and the positions of the head, the cervical column, and the hyoid bone were unaffected. After the operation, the tongue did not fill out the oral cavity as much as before and the freeway space decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Little influence on tooth position from playing a wind instrument.

The morphology of the face and dentition of 62 adult professional wind instrument musicians was recorded with roentgencephalometry and dental casts. The musician group was comprised of 31 brass instrument players, and 31 reed instrument or flute players. The results were compared between the two subgroups and between these and a control group. The few differences found between groups were small. Overbite and upper dental arch width at the canines were smaller in the musicians than in the control group. Width at the maxillary and mandibular molars was somewhat smaller in the reed instrument and flute players than in the control group. No difference in overjet was found. Cephalometric analysis showed similar, normal facial morphology in all groups. The range of variables recorded was large in all groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of muscle exercise with an oral screen on lip function.

The study aimed at evaluating how training of the lips with an oral screen affects the strength of the lips and the pressure of the lips on the teeth. In addition, the effect of the treatment with an oral screen on the dentition was studied. The treatment and lip training programme was instituted for 9 months in 16 children, 7-11 years old, with protruding maxillary incisors. The effect on the dentition was studied on dental casts made before and at the end of the treatment, and 5 months thereafter, as well as on lateral cephalograms. The lip strength was recorded with a dynamometer. The pressure from the lips on the upper and lower central incisors at rest, and during chewing and swallowing was measured with an extra-oral pressure transducer incorporated in a water-filled system with an intra-oral measuring point. Measurements of lip strength and pressure were made regularly before and during the treatment, and continued for up to 10 months thereafter. The treatment resulted in a decrease of the overjet and upper dental arch length, but with some relapse after the treatment. The strength of the lips increased during the treatment, but decreased afterwards. The pressure from the lips on the teeth at rest and during swallowing was unaffected by the lip training. The pressure from the lower lip during chewing increased temporarily during the treatment period.

Cephalometry↗