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Biomedical subjects

B Ivarsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Ivarsson.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Integrated care in schizophrenia: a 2-year randomized controlled study of two community-based treatment programs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of two community-based programs that combined antipsychotic medication, family interventions and social skills training. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial with 2 years follow-up. The study included 84 patients with schizophrenic disorders, continuously managed in terms of care and treatment, and regularly assessed. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Between-program comparisons showed significantly improved social function and consumer satisfaction in favour of the program 'Integrated Care' (IC) at the 2-year follow-up. The main clinically important differences between the two treatment programs studied were the procedures for shared decision making and patient empowerment in IC. CONCLUSION: The implementation of IC in clinical practice can improve social recovery and increase consumer satisfaction for patients with schizophrenic disorders. We identified specific procedures that might be added to improve the effectiveness of any program for severely mental ill people.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Real-time biospecific interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance and a sensor chip technology.

We report here the development and application of a biosensor-based technology that employs surface plasmon resonance for label-free studies of molecular interactions in real time. The sensor chip interface, comprising a thin layer of gold deposited on a glass support, is derivatized with a flexible hydrophilic polymer to facilitate the attachment of specific ligands to the surface and to increase the dynamic range for surface concentration measurements. The sensor can be used to measure surface concentrations down to 10 pg/mm2. Typical coefficients of variation are from two to five percent. We anticipate that the ability to monitor multi-molecular complexes as they form will greatly contribute to the understanding of biorecognition and the structural basis of molecular function.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Recent experience with thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair.

Thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair was carried out in 55 patients during the period from January 1978 to June 1988. Considering the volume of experience and application of a routine for preoperative and intraoperative management, the experience was divided as follows: group 1 1978 to 1985 (26 patients) and group 2 1985 to 1988 (29 patients). Clinical features of the two groups differed only in the incidence of emergency operations (group 1 [6/18, 30%] vs group 2 [2/29, 8%]). Operative mortality in elective operations improved substantially in recent experience (group 1 [50%] vs group 2 [7.4%]). Significant reductions in total operative time, operative blood loss, and total aortic cross-clamping times paralleled and, in part, explained the improvement in overall surgical results seen in group 2 patients. Spinal cord injury occurred in 7.2% of the entire cohort. Nonfatal but major complications occurred in 25% of group 2 patients, with the most common being prolonged ventilatory assistance (12%). Current results with thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair both establish its safety and help to provide guidelines in selecting patients for elective repair.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Complement deposition from human sera on silicon surfaces studied in situ by ellipsometry. The influence of surface wettability.

Organic material deposition from human sera on silicon dioxide surfaces was studied in situ by means of ellipsometry, an optical method for quantification of thin organic films. The deposition of organic material from sera was followed continuously for 2 h on hydrophobic and hydrophilic silicon surfaces. Both types of surfaces adsorbed organic material and the additional incubation with anti-C3 resulted in further deposition of organic material indicating the presence of C3 in the organic layers. Addition of EDTA in serum or heat inactivation resulted in a decrease of the amount of organic material deposited on the hydrophobic surface as well as in a lack of subsequent anti-C3 deposition on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Preadsorption with immunoglobulin G on the surfaces caused a pronounced increase of the deposition of material from serum as well as of subsequent anti-C3 deposition. Both effects were absent if EDTA was present in the serum. Our results indicate that complement activation and deposition occur by incubation of human sera on hydrophobic and hydrophilic silicon dioxide surfaces, which are two surfaces with very simple and well-defined chemical composition. The degree of the reversibility of the deposition of immunoglobulin G was furthermore larger on hydrophilic silicon.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibodies to GFAP epitopes available in formaldehyde fixed tissue.

We have recently demonstrated that one of our monoclonal antibodies (MAB's) to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) recognizes an epitope on this molecule which is to a large degree blocked during fixation with formaldehyde or crosslinking with Dithiobis (Succinimidyl) Propionate (DTSP). This was shown to be due to the crossbinding of a single or a number of proteins to the GFAP and is not due to a change in the epitope on GFAP induced by the fixation itself. In an attempt to produce further MAB's capable of recognizing epitopes on the GFAP molecule available following formaldehyde fixation, we immunized BALB-C mice with cytoskeletal preparations of human glioma cells which contain GFAP where the blocking protein or proteins were crossbound by DTSP or formaldehyde to the GFAP. Following fusion of the spleen lymphocytes to Sp 2/0 myeloma cells we have cloned hybridomas which produce antibodies that recognize GFAP in formaldehyde fixed tissues. This method presents the antigen in its native "fixed" state for the mouse's immune system and avoids the production of MAB's which (although excellent for immunochemical studies) do not recognize any epitopes available on the molecule in question in formaldehyde fixed tissues. Antibodies so produced are of great interest in routine pathology where most tissues are still, unfortunately, undiscriminately fixed in formalin. The results also show that GFAP varies immunologically in different species (i.e. human v. rat/mouse) and confirm that the GFAP of the PNS is immunologically distinct and/or associated with different proteins from that found in the CNS.

Acetone↗
PubMed1985

Interface analysis of titanium and zirconium bone implants.

A thin layer of titanium or zirconium was evaporated onto the surface of a plastic implant which was then inserted in the rabbit tibial metaphysis for six months. The implants and surrounding bone were cut out en bloc and sectioned for phase contrast microscopy, scanning- and transmission-electron microscopy. The intact bone-to-metal interface in the case of titanium revealed a fibrous tissue-free boundary zone with a 200-400 A thick proteoglycan coat immediately adjacent to the titanium oxide. Thereafter collagen filaments were seen and, at approximately 1000 A from the interface, collagen bundles. The tissues surrounding the zirconium-coated implant consisted of a 300-500 A thick proteoglycan layer, followed by a zone with collagen filaments and collagen bundles, not closer to the zirconium oxide than a few thousand A.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (FT-IRAS) of fibrinogen adsorbed on metal and metal oxide surfaces.

We have investigated the possibilities of using Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy in the study of the interaction of proteins with metal surfaces. Structural information can be obtained since the infrared radiation at the metal surface interacts only with dipole transition moments perpendicular to the metal surface. Fibrinogen spontaneously adsorbed from solution onto gold, titanium and aluminum was used as model systems. The infrared studies were carried out on dried protein films. The amide I bands of fibrinogen adsorbed on the metal surfaces shift towards higher frequencies (ca. 20 cm-1) relative to the same band in buffer solution. The magnitude of these shifts indicates that conformational change of the protein occurs upon adsorption on metal surfaces. The change in conformation of the fibrinogen also can partly be due to one week of drying at room temperature. The amide I and amide II bands show a slightly different behaviour in terms of frequency and intensity for each metal-protein system studied. The side chains appeared to be more substrate sensitive than the peptide group. Orientational effects were observed for a number of side-chain related groups.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1983

Stereological analysis of coated pits and secondary lysosomes in cultured human glial and glioma cells.

The frequency, distribution and size of coated pits along the upper and lower cell surfaces, and the cytoplasmic volume density of secondary lysosomes were studied by ultrastructural stereological methods in sparse and post-confluent cell cultures of a human normal glial line and a human malignant glioma line. Neither the frequency of coated pits nor the volume density of secondary lysosomes showed any statistically significant changes between the normal glial cells at 2 and 14 days after subcultivation. The numerical surface density of the coated pits was significantly higher along the lower cell surface than on the upper free surface. The coated pits on the malignant glioma cells at 14 days were far more frequent than at 2 days after subcultivation, or than on the sparse and post-confluent glial cells. The surface density of the coated pits was higher along the upper free cell surface than on the lower surface of the glioma cells, in contrast to the glial cells. The volume density of lysosomes was significantly higher in the post-confluent glioma cells than in the sparse cells. The mean diameter of the coated pit openings on cells at 2 days after subcultivation was significantly larger than at 14 days, both in the glial and glioma cell cultures. The observed differences in frequency and distribution of coated pits between the glial and glioma cells may reflect differences in receptor-mediated endocytosis and be related to the different growth characteristics of the normal and malignant cells. The greatly increased load of secondary lysosomes in post-confluent cultures of the glioma cells, in contrast to the glial cells, may be due to a higher rate of autophagocytosis in the malignant cells. The larger size of the coated pit openings on isolated than on post-confluent cells may reflect differences in surface properties between sparse and dense cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy following irradiation of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Relationships to cell cycle.

Following irradiation with 5 Gy, Ehrlich ascites tumour cells growing in vivo were separated by means of elutriator centrifugation into G1, S-phase and G2 + M cells. The surface and internal morphology of the cells was analysed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and compared with non-irradiated controls. Marked changes of the cell surface were found 5 to 72 h after irradiation, with the development of long straight microvilli mainly in S-phase and G2 cells and the appearance of cells without microvilli in G1. The latter were generally associated with intracellular degenerative changes. The appearance of these microvilli, and the consequent increase in cellular surface area was correlated to enlargement of the Golgi complex. Changes in the distribution of intracellular organelles were noted 5 h after irradiation in cells from all stages of the cell cycle. An increase of the ratio of polyribosomes to ribosomes was found in S-phase and G2 cells up to 72 h. The appearance of long microvilli was not related to a redistribution of cells in cell cycle and occurred below doses at which changes in cell membrane function are usually found.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Electron microscopic analysis of the bone-titanium interface.

Ten cylindrical implants, made of polycarbonate and covered with a 120-250-nm-thick layer of pure titanium, were implanted into each tibial metaphysis of five rabbits. Observation time was 12 weeks. The implants were surrounded by mature, living bone. No soft tissue intervened between bone and implant at any point. With TEM microscopy the titanium was shown to be bordered by a 20-nm-thick layer of proteoglycans, showing the characteristics of ground substance, and separating the collagen from the implant surface. Cells at the interface were likewise separated from the titanium by such a layer. Hydroxyapatite crystals were observed within the ground substance layer, occasionally seemingly in direct contact with the titanium. Normal mineralization was present 100-500 nm from the implant surface. While this study aims at defining interface anatomy, it also shows that macroscopically smooth-surfaced titanium can readily heal into bone without a soft tissue envelope. This could be of help for materials' choice and design of permanently fixed implants.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Tumor classification by electron microscopy of fine needle aspiration biopsy material.

The application of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology to tumor diagnosis and classification is gaining increased acceptance. The classification of some poorly differentiated tumors may prove particularly difficult for the cytologist as well as for the pathologist. In such cases electron microscopic examination of fine needle aspiration biopsy material can be of great assistance. A simple, yet dependable, technique is described for the study of such material. The method has been shown to be of decisive importance in the classification of 80% of a selected series of cases submitted to ultrastructural analysis. Using this method, a preoperative diagnosis can be obtained in otherwise equivocal cases.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

Production of a tissue-like structure by contraction of collagen lattices by human fibroblasts of different proliferative potential in vitro.

Fibroblasts can condense a hydrated collagen lattice to a tissue-like structure 1/28th the area of the starting gel in 24 hr. The rate of the process can be regulated by varying the protein content of the lattice, the cell number, or the concentration of an inhibitor such as Colcemid. Fibroblasts of high population doubling level propagated in vitro, which have left the cell cycle, can carry out the contraction at least as efficiently as cycling cells. The potential uses of the system as an immunologically tolerated "tissue" for wound healing and as a model for studying fibroblast function are discussed.

Animals↗