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Biomedical subjects

B J McSherry

Publications and source records attributed to B J McSherry.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Hyperbilirubinemia in sick cattle.

Hyperbilirubinemia was present in 387 out of 1279 sick cattle admitted to the clinic of the Ontario Veterinary College. One hundred and ninety five of these had a total serum bilirubin of 17 mumol/L or greater. Clinical records, laboratory data and when available, pathology reports from these 195 animals were examined in an attempt to explain the reason for the high bilirubin levels. The hyperbilirubinemia in 187 of these was mainly due to an increase in unconjugated bilirubin. Jaundice, liver disease or anemia was not a feature and alkaline phosphatase was not elevated. The 195 animals with hyperbilirubinemia suffered from a variety of diseases that seemingly were unrelated to the increased bilirubin. The most frequently described signs were anorexia and rumen stasis. Liver disease was diagnosed in eight animals and in these clinical jaundice, and increased conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase was a feature. It was concluded that hyperbilirubinemia occurred in many diseases of cattle and in most instances was related to a failure of the liver to remove unconjugated bilirubin from the serum rather than to a failure of the liver to excrete conjugated bilirubin.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Histocytology of lymphoid tumors in the dog, cat and cow.

In a retrospective study of lymphomas in animals, tumors in 72 dogs, 81 cats and 90 cows were classified on the basis of cell size (small, medium and large), nuclear cleavage (follicular center cells), and histologic architecture (nodular or diffuse). Each subtype was classified by age of animal at death, number of metastases, breed, and sex. As in man, nodular cleaved tumors are rare in animals, the cow having the most varied tumor types. There was one cleaved-cell tumor in 72 lymphomas in dogs, 23 of 81 in cats, and 33 of 90 in cows. There were six nodular tumors of 72 in dogs, two of 81 in cats and eight of 90 in cows. Fifteen of 16 nodular lymphomas had noncleaved cells and twelve had small or predominantly small cells. Cats with nodular lymphomas were older at death than cats with diffuse lymphomas. Nodularity was not associated with greater age at death in dogs and cows. Animals with cleaved-cell lymphomas were older at death than those with noncleaved tumors; this difference was highly significant in cows. The number of metastases was greater with nodular tumors in all three species, and was equal in cleaved and noncleaved tumors. The biological behaviour of lymphoid tumors in animals is similar to those in man when the same criteria of classification are used.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

An anticoagulant for transport of bovine blood.

Various anticoagulant were assessed in order to develop a transport media for bovine blood which would improve leukocyte stability. The effects of time, disease in the donor and different personnel and laboratory equipment were also tested. The transport media most effective for leukocyte stability was found to be Titriplex IV. This is a modification of Titriplex I by the inclusion of acetylsalicyclic acid to prevent cellular clumping and by the removal of methylene blue. Anticoagulant citrate dextroseformalin-ASA performed equally well for transport but cellular morphology was impaired. Febrile or neoplastic disease in the donor animal did not alter the efficiency of the formalin containing anticoagulants.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Canine hematology and biochemistry reference values.

Reference hematology and biochemistry values for 53 variables are presented from 51 clinically healthy dogs, 26 female and 25 male, approximately six to 24 months of age and of mixed breed. These dogs were sampled because of their good health status and the opportunity to collect the volume of blood required to complete the variable analysis of interest. Collection of blood specimens and laboratory analysis was done in a standard described manner, the latter including a continuing quality control program. For each variable the data were examined for homogeneity and when present, outliers (n = 9) were excluded. Parametric analysis was used to calculate the reference interval for those variables which had a Gaussian distribution or could be changed to a Gaussian distribution by any of four transformations. For those variables in which Gaussian distribution was not present or attained, nonparametric analysis was used. Due to the small size of the population sample, the uncertainty of breed and the exact age of each dog, breed, age and sex effects were not examined. Reference values should be used to assist interpretation of observations obtained from an animal or animals of comparable origin, i.e. similar subpopulation, and only if the same laboratory techniques are followed. Until each laboratory is able to generate reference values using adequate sample size and current methodology for the numerous subpopulations of interest, reference intervals such as these are useful to clinicians and researchers.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The pathogenesis of Trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. II. Anemia and erythroid response.

The anemia caused by Trypanosoma conogolense TREU 112 in Holstein calves was of moderate severity and normochromic, macrocytic in the acute phase changing to normochromic, normocytic with chronicity. The anemia was hemolytic and responsive as shown by sharply decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio and increased mean corpuscular volume. 51Cr red cell labelling studies showed that red cell lifespan was halved in the acute phase and there was an increase in plasma volume. Surface organ counting of liver showed it to be the major site of red cell destruction. The anemia was partly dilutional as a result of the increased plasma volume and primarily hemolytic likely of a non-specific immune (innocent bystander) pathogenesis.

Anemia↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a rapid method of determination of plasma fibrinogen in swine.

An evaluation was made of a rapid semiautomated method for determining fibrinogen level in swine plasma. This method, referred to as thrombin time method or fibrometer method, is based on the principle that when thrombin is added to suitably diluted plasma, the time of clotting is linearly related to the fibrinogen concentration. The linear regression model for the standard curve prepared using swine plasma had an r value of 0.998. A comparison between the fibrometer and the Grannis methods done on 189 swine plasma samples showed good correlation between these two mehtods (r value 0.847). It was concluded that although the fibrometer method may not be as precise as the Grannis method, it would still be acceptable for clinical use in swine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The kinetics of hematopoiesis in the light horse II. The hematological response to hemorrhagic anemia.

Hemorrhagic anemia was experimentally produced in three Standardbred horses by removing approximately 63% of the red cell mass and the accompanying plasma during a three day interval. Red cell parameters were examined daily for 45 days and then weekly until termination of the experiment 250 days after production of the anemia. Leukocytes, platelets and bone marrow aspirates were examined at regular intervals for 25 days after the final phlebotomy. At 24 hours after the last bleeding, 75-selenomethionine was injected intravenously to measure the lifespan of the newly produced erythrocytes. The erythrocyte lifespan was found to be 139 days as compared to the 155 day erythrocyte lifespan for three normal standardbred horses measured previously by similar techniques. The maximum decrease in erythrocyte numbers occurred four, two and two days following the last phlebotomy to 43, 39 and 44% of the original values. The prebleeding erythrocyte levels were regained at approximately 63, 91 and 98 days respectively. During the initial 45 days post phlebotomy the maximum increase in mean cell colume was 2, 4 and 7 mj-3 respectively. During the recovery period there was erythrocyte production of 6.84, 6.99, and 6.12 x 10-9 cells/kg/day. At the same time the absolute production of hemoglobin was 44.6, 50.0, and 51.0/gm/day or on a relative basis 0.096, 0.114 and 0.113 gm/kg/day.

Anemia↗
PubMed1975

The kinetics of hematopoiesis in the light horse III. The hematological response to hemolytic anemia.

The hematological response to acetylphenylhydrazine hemolytic anemia was studied in three standardbred horses. The lifespan of erythrocytes produced during the most severe phase of the anemia were measured with 75-selenomethionine and found to be 144 days as compared to the 139 day lifespan in response to hemorrhagic anemia or 155 days in normal standardbred horses measured previously using the same technique. The erythrocyte counts returned to initial values in 42 days (37, 34 and 54 days) a mean erythrocyte production of 6.4 times 10-12 erythrocytes/day. The mean hemoglobin production was 0.31 gm/kg body weight/day as compared to 0.11 gm Hb/kg/day previously observed in response to hemorrhagic anemia. The mean increase in erythrocyte mean cell volume was 12 mu-3 during the acute response phase to hemolytic anemia in contrast to the absence of a significant increase in the mean cell volume as previously observed during response to hemorrhagic anemia. Free Heinz bodies separated from erythrocytes during the acute phase could not be differentiated from platelets on the hemocytometer counting chamber with standard techniques.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1974

The Piromen Test as an assay of bone marrow granulocyte reserves in the calf. I. Studies on bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes.

The use of Piromen, a polysaccharide complex of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, has been investigated in 21 calves by a test of marrow granulocyte reserves. The maximal increase in peripheral granulocytes (DeltaG) was determined following multiple intravenous and sub-cutaneous injections of Piromen at various time intervals and was correlated with the mature marrow granulocytes on bone marrow smear differentials. Five ug Piromen per kg body weight, by the subcutaneous route, was found to give a mean DeltaG of 5200/mm(3), very similar to the DeltaG of 5300/mm(3) obtained in man with 0.1 ug/kg intravenous Piromen injections. Clinical effects in calves were minimal with the subcutaneous route as compared to the response following intravenous Piromen injections.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

The separation of peripheral blood cells of the horse.

The peripheral blood cells from Standard bred horses were subjected to procedures which will separate equine peripheral blood cells with good precision and efficiency into red cell, leukocyte, and platelet fractions. The separated cells have normal morphology and the differential count of the separated granulocytes and lymphocytes is unchanged from that of the original sample.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Evaluation of a rapid method of determination of plasma fibrinogen.

An evaluation was made of a rapid semiautomated method of determining fibrinogen levels in bovine plasma. This method, the fibrometer method of Morse, Panek and Menga (8), is based on the principle that when thrombin is added to suitably diluted plasma the time of clotting is linearly related to the fibrinogen concentration. A standard curve prepared using bovine plasma had an r value of .9987 and analysis of variance showed there was no significant deviation from regression. A comparison of the fibrometer method and the biuret method of Ware, Guest and Seegers done on 158 bovine plasma samples showed good correlation between the two methods. It was concluded that the fibrometer method does measure bovine fibrinogen and has considerable merit for use in clinical diseases of cattle.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1974

The kinetics of hematopoiesis in the light horse. I. The lifespan of peripheral blood cells in the normal horse.

Three Standardbred horses were given 0.2 mg (1 mCi) of (75)selenomethionine intravenously and a second group of three were given 10 mCi of tritiated diisopropylfluorophosphate (0.5 mg) intravenously. Observations on labeled cells were continued for 250 days after radioselenium injection and 160 days after tritium injection. The lifespan of erythrocytes using (75)selenmethionine was 155 +/- 10 days and 148 +/- 7.8 days using tritiated diisopropylfluorophosphate. There was no significant difference at the 10% level between the lifespans, using these labels. The uptake of radioselenium into erythrocytes reached a mean maximum of 11.5% at 82 +/- 18.9 days after injection of the label. There was an elution of from 17.6% of the injected dose of tritium label down to 7.5% eight days after injection of this isotope. From this study both of these labels appear to be satisfactory for determining the erythrocyte lifespan of the horse. The mean time of the curve of mean radioselenium activity of peripheral blood leukocytes for the three horses was 5.54 days and the lifespan of these cells was seven days. The mean lifespan of peripheral blood leukocytes of the three horses after in vivo labelling with tritiated diisopropylfluorophosphate was 17.3 hours. No specific labelling was found in bone marrow or peripheral blood cells at this level of tritium labelling by dipping emulsion autoradiography. The mean lifespan of equine platelets for three horses using radioselenomethionine was 9.2 days and the mean lifespan of equine platelets using tritiated diisopropylfluorophosphate was 6.6 days in a group of three horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Studies with radioactive endotoxin. I. Clearance of 51Cr-labelled endotoxin from the blood of calves.

The clearance of (51)Cr-labelled Pseudomonas endotoxin from the blood was studied in calves in a nontolerant and in an endotoxin-tolerant state. Calves were rendered tolerant to the toxic effects of the endotoxin by four daily intravenous injections of endotoxin at the dose rate of 5 microg/kg body weight. Clearance of a small amount of (51)Cr-endotoxin from the blood of nontolerant calves was almost complete within three minutes of injection and was not significantly faster in tolerant calves. The lungs and liver were the major organs involved in clearance of endotoxin from the blood. The (51)Cr label was slowly excreted by the kidneys. Neither platelets nor leukocytes were demonstrated to participate in endotoxin clearance in calves. (51)CrCl(3) was injected into control calves. Relative to the distribution and loss of labelled endotoxin, the (51)CrCl(3) was cleared slowly from the blood, was distributed uniformly throughout the body and was excreted rapidly.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Endotoxin induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in cattle.

Endotoxin administered intravenously to a group of four calves resulted in disseminated intravascular coagulation. A sublethal dose of piromen, a commercially available Pseudomonas spp endotoxin, was used. Serial measurements of total plasma fibrinogen, soluble fibrin levels, ethanol gelation tests, protamine sulfate tests, fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (FR-antigen) and prothrombin and thrombin times were done.Initial depression of plasma fibrinogen with a nadir of about 40% of pre-endotoxin levels at eight to 11 hours post-endotoxin (+8 to +11 hours) followed by an overcompensation to 180% at +60 to +108 hours was shown. Soluble fibrin was demonstrated in plasma from +2 to +22 hours with a peak of 100-114 mg/100 ml at +4 to +9 hours. Positive plasma ethanol gelation and protamine sulfate tests, as well as the presence of serum FR-antigen, occurred consistently following endotoxin administration. Significant increases in prothrombin times (PT) from +4 to +40 hours and in thrombin times (TT) from +4 to +16 hours were demonstrated. The peak increase of PT at +8 to +10 hours was 180%. The peak increase of TT at +6 to +9 hours was 260-290%.

Animals↗