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Biomedical subjects

B J Sandmann

Publications and source records attributed to B J Sandmann.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Direct medical charges associated with myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to measure the direct medical charges for patients with and without diabetes who experience myocardial infarction. METHODS: We completed a retrospective cohort analysis (from the third-party payer perspective) to determine the total direct medical charges (eg, hospitalizations, outpatient visits, pharmacy, and emergency room visits) incurred by an inner city sample of 293 patients during the 12 months following myocardial infarction during the period from January 1993 through February 1997. RESULTS: The 87 patients with diabetes had a higher per patient total direct medical charge (inclusive of initial hospitalization) compared to the 206 patients without diabetes ($18,577 versus $26,414) and approximately $3000 more per person year of observation. Hospitalizations (initial and during the follow-up period) accounted for 88% of the total direct medical charges. The mean charge for the initial hospitalization was higher for patients with diabetes ($12,730 versus $15,394). In a subset, the mean charge per cardiovascular-related hospitalization that occurred during the follow-up period was also higher for patients with diabetes ($6344 versus $9648). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with what we expected, patients with diabetes incurred higher total direct medical charges as a result of and following myocardial infarction. These data can be used in future cost-effectiveness evaluations for therapies developed to treat patients with diabetes who experience myocardial infarction or for therapies designed to reduce the risk of macrovascular complications associated with diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A potentiometric study of lithium complexation with catecholamines.

A potentiometric study of lithium complexation with tyramine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine was undertaken using monovalent cationic selective and pH glass electrodes. The conditional stability constants for the lithium catecholamine complexes were calculated for a range of pH values from direct potentiometric measurement of the free lithium ion concentration. The ionic strength was maintained at 0.5 with tetramethylammonium chloride and glycine buffers. Temperature was maintained at 25 degrees C. Titration data for the catecholamines and lithium-catecholamine complexes at the same temperature and ionic strength were also obtained using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as titrant. All solutions were maintained essentially oxygen free during the analytical procedure. Alkali metals are generally recognized as being weakly complexed in aqueous solution. The magnitude of the stability constants determined in this study indicates there is a weak interaction of lithium with catecholamines.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1978

Solubility studies of silver sulfonamides.

The solubilities of silver sulfapyridine, silver sulfamethazine, and silver sulfamethizole as a function of pH were determined in nitric acid-potassium nitrate, acetate, and sulfonic acid buffers. All silver sulfonamides showed an increase in solubility with increasing hydrogen-ion concentration, a behavior which closely paralleled the protonation of the p-amino function of the sulfonamide. A silver-ion selective electrode was used to measure silver-ion concentration in solution and the methods of known subtraction and known addition were used to measure total silver. Both silver sulfamethizole and silver sulfamethazine were ionized completely in solution. Silver sulfapyridine was ionized completely only in the more acidic pH 2-3 range. A comparison of the physical properties of the silver salts for which mortality studies were available revealed a unique set of properties for silver sulfadiazine.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
PubMed1977

Solubility studies of silver sulfadiazine.

The solubility of silver sulfadiazine as a function of pH was determined in nitric acid-potassium nitrate buffer for pH 2-3 and in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer for pH 6-7. As the salt of a weak organic acid, silver sulfadiazine exhibits the anticipated increase in solubility with an increasing hydrogen-ion concentration. Measurement of the silver-ion concentration was carried out using a silver-ion selective electrode. The methods of known subtraction and known addition were utilized to measure the total concentration of the silver ion in solution. Evidence was obtained to indicate that the salt is completely ionized in aqueous solution.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

Simultaneous analysis of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone phosphate by high-pressure liquid chromatography: reversed-phase, ion-pairing approach.

The reversed-phase, ion-pairing approach to high-pressure liquid chromatography was applied to the simultaneous analysis of hydrocortisone and its phosphate ester in laboratory-prepared samples and injectable solutions. Results of this technique were evaluated and compared with results of the official procedure.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗