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Biomedical subjects

B J Scott

Publications and source records attributed to B J Scott.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Criterion based audit in prosthetic dentistry.

A criterion based retrospective audit into the provision of complete dentures in an undergraduate teaching programme has been produced. This consisted of a series of questions related to the treatment of the patient and the satisfaction or otherwise expressed about the treatment. The audit revealed where treatment had been successful according to the established criteria. It has been found that an audit of this nature is demanding of clinicians' time but does show where improvements can be made in patient management which will result in better health care. Clinical audit is now recognized as forming an important part of health care. It is applicable to all areas of dentistry, ie general dental practice, the community dental services and the hospital services, and to all specialities eg prosthetics, orthodontics etc. An audit programme needs careful planning and a pilot study is worthwhile to indicate areas of difficulty. This audit has been used in an undergraduate training programme, however, the process by which the audit has been assembled is an example of how an audit could be established in any area of dentistry, provided that the criteria are modified to make them relevant to the clinical speciality.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in evoking reflexes in the jaw-closing muscles of the cat.

1. In anaesthetized cats the left maxillary and mandibular canine and incisor teeth were extracted. Nine weeks later the animals were anaesthetized again and titanium implants were placed into the edentulous ridge of the maxilla and mandible. 2. Terminal experiments were performed between 9 weeks and 10 months after inserting the implants. Recordings were made from the trigeminal ganglia and peripheral nerves of anaesthetized cats. Neurones were identified which responded to forces applied to the maxillary teeth but none was found which responded to forces applied to the implant. 3. The responses of motor units in the temporalis muscle were studied in response to ramp-plateau forces applied to the maxillary canine tooth and maxillary implant using peristimulus time histograms and cumulative sum (cusum) analysis. A small amount of inhibition of the motor units was observed in response to the applied forces to the implant. However, the inhibition was much more profound when similar forces were applied to the tooth. 4. The results confirm that when forces are applied to a tooth, periodontal mechanoreceptors are stimulated which evoke reflex inhibitions to motor units in the jaw-closing muscles. However, there is evidence that mechanoreceptors situated distant to the periodontium can also evoke such reflexes. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the overall functional role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the reflexes of mastication.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prosthetic assessment in the treatment of denture hyperplasia.

The removal of denture-induced trauma is important in the treatment of denture hyperplasia and in the prevention of its redevelopment in susceptible patients. A simple approach to the assessment of dentures is described, which highlights potentially damaging areas of the borders and the fitting surface.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMed1990

A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals.

A predictive equation for resting energy expenditure (REE) was derived from data from 498 healthy subjects, including females (n = 247) and males (n = 251), aged 19-78 y (45 +/- 14 y, mean +/- SD). Normal-weight (n = 264) and obese (n = 234) individuals were studied and REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Multiple-regression analyses were employed to drive relationships between REE and weight, height, and age for both men and women (R2 = 0.71): REE = 9.99 x weight + 6.25 x height - 4.92 x age + 166 x sex (males, 1; females, 0) - 161. Simplification of this formula and separation by sex did not affect its predictive value: REE (males) = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) - 5 x age (y) + 5; REE (females) = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) - 5 x age (y) - 161. The inclusion of relative body weight and body-weight distribution did not significantly improve the predictive value of these equations. The Harris-Benedict Equations derived in 1919 overestimated measured REE by 5% (p less than 0.01). Fat-free mass (FFM) was the best single predictor of REE (R2 = 0.64): REE = 19.7 x FFM + 413. Weight also was closely correlated with REE (R2 = 0.56): REE = 15.1 x weight + 371.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effect of tooth extraction on periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors represented in the mesencephalic nucleus of the cat.

When a force is applied to a tooth, mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament are stimulated. When teeth are extracted the remnants of the periodontal ligament break down and disappear, but it is not known what happens to the mechanoreceptor neurones that innervated it. The present study seeks to determine the effect of tooth extraction on the population of periodontal ligament mechanoreceptor neurones represented in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve. The incisor and canine teeth were extracted from adult cats; terminal experiments were performed between 7.5 months and 2 yr later. Recordings were made in the mesencephalic nucleus with microelectrodes, and neurones were identified in the inferior alveolar nerve that previously innervated the periodontal ligament of one of the extracted mandibular teeth. The majority of these neurones responded only to electrical stimuli applied to the edentulous ridge of the mandible in the area where the incisor or canine teeth had previously been. It was not possible to stimulate them mechanically, despite the use of large forces. A small number had reinnervated new soft-tissue sites. They could be mechanically stimulated and were found adjacent to the area in which the mandibular incisor and canine teeth had been. Thus the population of periodontal ligament mechanoreceptor neurones represented in the mesencephalic nucleus do not all degenerate after tooth extraction. As the majority of those still present do not appear to reinnervate new tissues in which they can be mechanically stimulated, it is unlikely that they have any functional role after tooth loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Nutrition education curriculum at the University of Nevada School of Medicine.

This article describes a developing nutrition education curriculum for the University of Nevada School of Medicine, a small and progressive, community-based medical school. The curriculum has been planned to reflect the longitudinal, interdisciplinary, and comprehensive integration of nutrition into new required and existing courses so that timely delivery of knowledge and development of skills will occur in the basic science years followed by direct application in the clinical clerkships. The availability of the "Nutrition and Cancer Education Objectives" is timely and provides overall direction and curricular goals for the simultaneous development of nutrition-cancer education. The coordination of the four-year curriculum of the entire medical school can be specifically targeted for the incorporation of this needed information synergistically at a most opportune time.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of mesencephalic nucleus and trigeminal ganglion mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament of the cat.

1. In anaesthetized cats recordings have been made in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve and the trigeminal ganglion from neurones that respond when forces are applied to the mandibular canine tooth. The site of the mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament and their distribution around the tooth root have been determined. 2. Receptors with their cell bodies in the mesencephalic nucleus were found to be situated in the periodontal ligament in a discrete area intermediate between the fulcrum and apex of the tooth, while those in the trigeminal ganglion were situated in the whole area of the periodontal ligament between the fulcrum and apex of the tooth. 3. All of the located mechanoreceptors responded maximally when that part of the ligament in which they lay was put under tension. 4. The directional sensitivities of the mechanoreceptors suggested that there was an uneven distribution around the tooth root of receptors with cell bodies in the mesencephalic nucleus. In contrast mechanoreceptors with cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion were distributed more equally around the tooth root. The rationale for the differences requires further investigation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of nuclei from melittin-destabilized cells.

Melittin, the hydrophobic polypeptide from bee venom, sufficiently destabilizes the plasma membrane of cultured cells to allow cell disruption in the absence of detergents with minimal homogenization. Nuclei are thus isolated in high yield with intact nuclear membranes and high transcriptional activity.

Bee Venoms↗
PubMed1985

Determination of organic acids in seven wheat varieties by capillary gas chromatography.

Fresh wheat tops were extracted with acidic 90% ethanol, and the ethanol was evaporated and a portion of the aqueous residue loaded onto DEAE-Sephadex. Organic acids were eluted with pyridinium formate and then lyophilized and the dried residue was derivatized with 1% trimethylchlorosilane in bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The acids were then quantitatively determined using capillary gas chromatography and identified using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acidic ethanol extraction of fresh plant tissue was quantitative for all acids except citric while losses in the remaining procedures were controlled by using an internal standard. The ion exchange chromatography made the greatest contribution to experimental error, imposing a minimum loading requirement of 0.1 mumol of each acid for adequate precision. Organic acid profiles were determined for seven wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum cv Carazinho, Teal, Lance, Warigal, Isis, Maringa, and BH1146) grown on gravel in solution culture for 30 days. Profiles were simple, consisting of only malic, aconitic, and citric acids, with levels of each acid for all varieties falling within the range 2-5 mumol/g fresh tissue. Storage of samples led to a large increase in sampling error and increased the amount of extractable citric acid.

Calibration↗
PubMed1983

The identification of serum ligand-binding proteins using immuno-precipitation techniques and autoradiography.

The identification of ligand-binding proteins in serum is important for understanding many metabolic pathways and for interpreting clinical measurements. Most techniques presently available lack the facility to identify specific binding proteins. This problem has been overcome by combining the specificity of immunological methods with the sensitivity of radioisotope detection. The methods comprise an adaptation of 2-dimensional immuno-electrophoresis, and radial immunodiffusion, combined with radiolabelled ligands and autoradiography. They have been used to determine the serum binding of calcium, cadmium, thyroxine and the beta blocking drug propranolol. This technique has wide application to other ligand-binding interactions.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1983

Identification of the serum binding proteins for iron, zinc, cadmium, nickel, and calcium.

The binding of five biologically important metals to serum proteins has been studied. After suitable radioactive isotopes were added to serum proteins separated and precipitated by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, the sample plates were exposed to roentgenogram film. 59Fe bound to transferrin alone; 65Zn bound mostly to albumin, but also to another 12 proteins; 109Cd was mostly associated with alpha 2-macroglobulin, but was also present on albumin, immunoglobulins G and A, and prealbumin; 63Ni, added in high concentration, was associated with an alpha 2-mobility protein and albumin; and, finally, 45Ca was mostly bound to albumin, but seven other binding proteins were also identified, with transferrin predominant. The results are not quantitative, but the technique is simple and specific, and the information gained can direct further studies on isolated proteins.

Autoradiography↗