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Biomedical subjects

B J Shreeve

Publications and source records attributed to B J Shreeve.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Feed associated haemorrhagic disorder in pigs accompanied by pancreatic lesions.

The introduction of a new batch of feed to 400 pigs aged five to eight weeks resulted in 38 deaths and further morbidity associated with multiple haemorrhages. Signs abated within two days of withdrawal of the feed. Widespread haemorrhages were present in many tissues including the pancreas. Additional pancreatic lesions comprised focal necrosis, atrophy and fibrosis of exocrine tissue. The condition was reproduced experimentally in pigs and vitamin K protected mice against the injurious effects of the feed. The cause was not determined but it is speculated that more than one toxic factor and an imbalance of nutritional factors may have been present in the diet.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

Verruculogen Produced by soil fungi in England and Wales.

Soil fungi, including Aspergillus fischeri, Penicillium piceum, Penicillium nigricans, and Penicillium raistrickii, produced a tremorgenic toxin previously described as toxin X. Chemical analysis showed that this toxin was predominantly verruculogen.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1981

Effect on calves of barley naturally contaminated with ochratoxin A and groundnut meal contaminated with low concentrations of aflatoxin B1.

Four groups of six 12-week-old male Friesian calves were fed diets containing 390 to 540 microgram ochratoxin A per kg, 320 to 500 microgram ochratoxin A plus 12 to 13 microgram aflatoxin B1 per kg, 10 to 13 microgram aflatoxin B1 per kg, or a control diet containing neither toxin. At the end of the 87-day experiment there was no evidence of kidney or liver damage in any group of animals as judged by serial plasma and urine enzyme assays, haematological examinations including the assay of blood coagulation factors, gross appearance at autopsy or histopathological assessment at the light microscopic level. Nor was there any significant alteration in serum IgA, IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 levels or in titres to environmental bacterial and viral antigens. Trace amounts of ochratoxin A were detected in kidneys of five out of the 12 calves exposed to this toxin but all 12 kidneys contained residues of the metabolite ochratoxin alpha (less than 5 to 10 microgram/kg). Traces of aflatoxin B1 and M1 were detected in the liver of one of the 12 calves exposed to aflatoxin B1 but nine kidneys contained the metabolite aflatoxin M1 (less than 0.01 to 0.03 microgram/kg). There was no evidence of interaction between the two toxins.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1979

The failure of trichothecene mycotoxins and whole cultures of Fusarium tricinctum to cause experimental haemorrhagic syndromes in calves and pigs.

Piglets and calves were dosed orally with pure diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin, crude extracts of Fusarium tricinctum containing T-2 toxin, and whole cultures of F tricinctum containing T-2 toxin at a constant daily rate of 0.1 mg toxin per kg body-weight (piglets) or 0.2 mg toxin per kg body-weight (calves). The treatment continued for periods of seven to 78 days but it failed to induce clinical haemorrhagic syndromes. Increasing the dose of F tricinctum culture five-fold for eight days following 78 days at the lower dose was equally ineffective. The lack of an effect by daily intakes of toxin that could have been ingested with naturally contaminated feedstuffs suggests that DAS, T-2 toxin and other metabolites of F tricinctum probably have little or no part to play in the aetiology of feed associated haemorrhagic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Tremorgenic toxins produced by soil fungi.

Penitrem A or an unknown tremorgenic toxin, "X," was produced by 10 of 60 fungal isolates obtained from a pasture involved in an outbreak in cattle and sheep resembling migram and ryegrass staggers. Tremorgenic properties of extracts containing penitrem A or toxin X were confirmed by bioassay.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bovine mycotic abortion: some epidemiological aspects.

Records from 898 cases of bovine mycotic abortion occurring over the five years 1969 to 1974 in South Wales were examined with particular reference to incidence and climate. Mean incidence was lowest in September and highest in January and February. Annual incidence of Aspergillus-type infection decreased but that of Mucortype did not alter significantly. Most abortions occurred during the last trimester of pregnancy. The abortion rate for cattle fed hay in cowsheds was extremely high compared with that for other management systems. No correlation could be detected between total rainfall or number of raindays in June and September and mycotic abortions occurring over the succeeding 12 months. Fungal abortion was followed by pregnancy in most cases where subsequent breeding performance was known.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of suspected cases of mycotoxicosis in farm animals in Britain.

Mycotoxins were detected in 13 out of 131 feed samples examined over two years. Screening of feeds associated with cases of suspected mycotoxicosis occurring in farm animals over a further 12 month period showed that most incidents occurred during the winter and involved mainly cattle and pigs fed concentrates. A haemorrhagic syndrome in cattle and abortions in sows were most frequently connected with mouldy food. One or more known toxins (the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin and zearalenone) were detected in three out of 65 cases and a wide variety of fungi were isolated. Toxicity to experimental animals was demonstrated in four out of 22 samples.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

Mycotoxicosis.

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Aflatoxins↗