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Biomedical subjects

B Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to B Jackson.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Relationship of antihypertensive effect of enalapril to serum MK-422 levels and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition.

In hypertensive patients the time courses for the rise in serum MK-422 level, and fall in both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and blood pressure after 10 mg of enalapril were very similar. A close relationship between serum MK-422 levels and percentage ACE inhibition could be demonstrated and the acute fall in blood pressure showed a good correlation with either measurement. With chronic administration, serum MK-422 levels increased linearly with the dose of enalapril. As in the acute study, close relationships between the serum MK-422 level and ACE inhibition, and between either measurement and the fall in blood pressure, could be demonstrated after chronic enalapril administration. However, when compared to the acute response, the ACE inhibition dose-response line was shifted to the right after chronic enalapril therapy suggesting that enalapril may lead to ACE induction in humans. This did not appear to influence significantly the blood pressure lowering effect of enalapril or the relationship between ACE inhibition and the hypotensive effect.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1982

Manpower log-jam.

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Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1982

Internephron heterogeneity of filtration fraction and disparity between protein- and hematocrit-derived values.

The variability of single nephron filtration fraction (SNFF) and the relationship between filtration fractions determined simultaneously from 125I albumin (SNFFALB) and hematocrit (SNFFHCT) values were assessed by multiple samplings, 5 to 8 per kidney, in normal, hydropenic, Munich-Wistar rats. Single nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) measurements served as an independent marker of internephron heterogeneity. Whether derived as SNFFALB or SNFFHCT, a wide degree of internephron variability in SNFF, comparable to that found for SNGFR (P greater than 0.2) was observed in all kidneys. Hematocrit-derived SNFF values, however, were some 80% higher than those obtained with 125I albumin (SNFFHCT 0.447 +/- SEM 0.016 versus SNFFALB 0.258 +/- 0.009, P less than 0.001). The disparity in results obtained by the two methods disappears if the efferent arteriolar hematocrit (Hctg) is assigned a value 17 +/- SEM 1.4% higher than the corresponding femoral arterial hematocrit and might well be a reflection of the perfusion of superficial glomeruli with erythrocyte rich blood produced by the "plasma-skimming" phenomenon. The data suggest that multiple estimates of SNGFR and SNFF in a given rat kidney are needed to provide representative mean values for glomerular dynamic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Correlation between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and the acute hypotensive response to MK 421 in essential hypertension.

1. The acute hormonal and hypotensive effects of MK 421 (10 mg p.o.) were assessed by a double-blind randomized trial in twelve subjects with essential hypertension. The study was performed during a normal and low salt intake. 2. Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was maximally inhibited by 57 (s.e.m. = 4)% of control activity at 4-8 h. Plasma ACE was still depressed at 24 h by 10% of control activity but had returned to normal by 32 h. 3. Sodium depletion did not alter basal plasma ACE activity, nor change the degree of inhibition of MK 421. 4. Plasma angiotensin II was depressed during ACE inhibition, but no change in circulating bradykinin was detected. Reciprocal rises occurred in plasma renin and angiotensin I levels with a time course similar to ACE inhibition. 5. All subjects showed a fall in their blood pressure, maximal between 6-8 h. Mean arterial pressure fell 12 (s.e.m. = 5) mmHg on the normal sale intake and 16 (s.e.m. = 3) mmHg on the low salt diet, at 8 h. 6. Blood pressure and angiotensin converting enzyme activity changes were significantly correlated (r = 0.86, n = 12).

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1981

A behavior management program to increase social responses in psychogeriatric patients.

Although increased numbers of psychogeriatric patients have been placed in proprietary nursing homes in recent years, many facilities have not been able to accommodate the behavioral problems involved. This study summarizes the results of a behavior management program for improving the social functioning and social behaviors of 6 psychogeriatric patients in a nursing home. The use of reinforcement by tokens substantially improved social behavior over a 10-day period; during a 10-day withdrawal of reinforcement, the level dropped precipitantly; but during the subsequent 10-day reinforcement period, substantial improvement in social functioning again was observed. Four of the 6 patients improved significantly, and after one year could be placed in a higher-level unit of the nursing home. The findings suggest that behavior management programs can be used successfully to improve the social functioning of psychogeriatric patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Antigen of Haemophilus influenzae in bronchial tissue.

Haemophilus influenzae antigen was detected in five of seven bronchial biopsies obtained from patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Antibody against H influenzae antigens was obtained from a patient with bronchiectasis. Immunofluorescent techniques were used. This provides further evidence to support the pathogenicity of H influenzae in lower respiratory tract disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adherent cell dependent colony-stimulating activity in human serum: A granulopoietic regulator?

Bacterial infections and trauma which increase production of granulocytes and monocytes by the bone marrow, may do so through factors in serum capable of stimulating growth of granulocyte-macrophage cells in vitro. Human serum possesses two types of colony stimulating activity (CSA), one which stimulates granulopoietic progenitor cells directly, and another which results from the interaction of serum and bone marrow adherent cells (monocyte-macrophages) or peripheral blood leucocytes: adherent cell dependent CSA. These activities are due to different factors which may be separated by gel filtration. Sera of 7 patients undergoing hystectomy who developed post-operative infection showed post-operative elevation of the adherent cell dependent activity in all cases but no change in direct acting CSA. These results suggest that the direct acting CSA in human serum does not represent the principal humoral 'message' to the bone marrow from sites of trauma and infection in the tissues and that granulopoiesis may be controlled indirectly by the action of a different humoral factor which increases production of CSA by marrow monocyte-macrophages. Preliminary experiments suggest that lymphocytes stimulated by bacterial products be one source of this factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of stimulation by meat on gastrins in pyloric antral mucosa of anaesthetized cats.

Chloralose anaesthetized cats were prepared with fundic and antral pouches. After stimulation with meat extract suspension in the antral pouches, the antral mucosae were collected, homogenized and subjected to subcellular fractionation to produce whole homogenates, debris, mitochondrial, granule and microsomal fractions and the cell supernatant. Total gastrin concentration and the quantities of gastrin components were measured in these cell fractions and compared with values obtained from a group of control animals which were not stimulated. Stimulation significantly increased the concentration of total gastrin in whole homogenates and in the cell supernatant. In whole homogenates the concentrations of gastrin components I, II, III and void volume gastrin all increased significantly after stimulation. In granules the concentration of Component III significantly increased. In microsomes the concentration of Componenet IV increased significantly. In cell supernatant the total amounts of Components III and IV increased significantly. It is concluded there was synthesis of gastrin under the experimental conditions used. The concentrations of those gastrin components which are larger than the predominant storage form (Component III) are increased and these larger components may be biosynthetic precursors. The significant increase in Component IV concentration in the cell supernatant and microsomes may suggest that Component IV is formed at least in part by antral tissue as well as by the known conversion process which occurs in cat blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Electromyograph biofeedback as an adjunct to standard psychiatric treatment.

The effectiveness of electromyograph (EMG) biofeedback training was studied among 2 groups of psychiatric patients, and a control group of normal subjects. Both the psychiatric patients and the normal subjects received 6 sessions of training in deep muscle relaxation and biofeedback. The schizophrenic and psychoneurotic patients had significantly lower ratings for pathological symptomatology and abnormal behavior and all groups significantly reduced their level of muscle tension following the treatment; the schizophrenics and normals displayed significantly greater reductions than the psychoneurotic patients. The length of hospitalization for the 2 groups of patients in the study was lower than for similar patients who received standard psychiatric treatment but no biofeedback training. These results suggest that EMG training can be a beneficial adjunctive treatment for severely disturbed patients.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1978

Traumatic renal arteriovenous fistula.

A case of a 29-year-old man who developed a renal arteriovenous fistula after a gunshot injury is reported. The patient presented with renovascular hypertension associated with high putput cardiac failure, both of which were reversed by surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cystoid macular edema with equatorial choroidal melanoma.

Symptoms and signs related to cystoid macular edema were the initial findings in a patient with a choroidal malignant melanoma located in the equatorial region of the globe. Histopathologic findings included retinal perivasculitis and cystoid macular edema. There was no evidence of a serous detachment of the macula. Patients with cystoid macular edema should be carefully examined for tumors or other pathological findings in the peripheral fundus.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effects of unilateral and bilateral ECT on verbal and visual spatial memory.

Investigated the effects of unilateral left (UL), unilateral right (UR), and bilateral (B) ECT on the performance of right-handed male patients on the Wechsler Memory Scale and two tests of the Williams battery, which provided eight independent measures of verbal memory and two of visual-spatial memory. Patients were tested three times: (1) within 1 week prior to ECT; (2) within 30 minutes after the sixth ECT; (3) 10 days after the sixty ECT. Double blind procedures were maintained carefully. Results showed a significant loss on second testing followed by a significant improvement 10 days later for all ECT groups compared with matched controls. There was some tendency for the UR group to show the least impairment on verbal measures and the UL group to show the least impairment on visual-spatial memory test of the WMS, but most of the differences between UL and UR groups and between each of these and the B group were not significant. The most sensitive test in differentiating among the ECT groups was the brief Verbal Learning subtest of the Williams battery.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Urine cytology findings in analgesic nephropathy.

Urine cytology screening for neoplasm led to the detection of 3 urothelial carcinomas and 1 severe urothelial dysplasia in 98 patients with analgesic-induced papillary necrosis. A further 18 patients had changes suggesting that they were at risk of incurring malignancy in the near future. Routine urine cytology is recommended in all cases of analgesic nephropathy.

Analgesics↗