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Biomedical subjects

B Jaffe

Publications and source records attributed to B Jaffe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Localization and function of a 5-HT transporter in crypt epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract.

The peristaltic reflex can be evoked in the absence of input from the CNS because the responsible neural pathways are intrinsic to the intestine. Mucosal enterochromaffin cells have been postulated to be pressure transducers, which activate the intrinsic sensory neurons that initiate the reflex by secreting 5-HT. All of the criteria necessary to establish 5-HT as this transmitter have been fulfilled previously, except that no mucosal mechanism for 5-HT inactivation was known. In the current investigation, desensitization of 5-HT receptors was demonstrated to inhibit the peristaltic reflex in the guinea pig large intestine in vitro. At low concentration (1.0 nM), the 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine potentiated the reflex, but higher concentrations blocked it, suggesting that the peristaltic reflex depends on the 5-HT transporter-mediated inactivation of 5-HT. Specific (Na+ -dependent, fluoxetine-sensitive) uptake of 3H-5-HT by intestinal crypt epithelial cells was found by radioautography. mRNA encoding the neuronal 5-HT transporter was demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa by Northern analysis and located in crypt epithelial cells as well as in myenteric neurons by in situ hybridization. cDNA encoding the 5-HT transporter was cloned from the mucosa and completely sequenced. 5-HT transporter immunoreactivity was detected in crypt epithelial cells and enteric neurons. Mucosal epithelial cells thus express a plasmalemmal 5-HT transporter identical to that of serotonergic neurons. This molecule seems to play a critical role in the peristaltic reflex.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Bicycle helmets in Israel: observed change in usage following a nationwide campaign.

Bicycle-related head injuries are an important cause of injury and death among bicycle riders. The use of bicycle helmets could reduce the rate of serious head trauma among bicyclists involved in accidents. A nationwide survey was conducted in Israel to determine the usage of such helmets. This survey preceded a media campaign encouraging the use of bicycle helmets. A second survey compared the rates of helmet usage following the media campaign with those rates prior to the campaign. A modest but significant increase in the use of bicycle helmets was observed. In order to further increase this rate, additional educational campaigns are needed and possibly the enactment of legislation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence and correlates of perimenstrual symptoms: a study of Israeli teenage girls.

The prevalence of common premenstrual symptoms and menstrual period pain were studied in a cohort of 545 Israeli adolescent girls aged 16 to 21 years, and their correlation with biological, behavioral, and sociocultural traits were analyzed. A high proportion of the girls (80%) commonly experienced at least one premenstrual symptom. About 70% experienced menstrual pain in the past and 25% reported pain which severely interfered with daily activities during the last three cycles. Premenstrual symptoms and menstrual pain were positively associated. Oral contraceptive use appeared to reduce the prevalence of menstrual pain, and among smokers who had menstrual pain, heavier smokers experienced more pain. Girls of Asian or African ethnic origin reported consistently higher perimenstrual distress than those of Israeli or Western origin, suggesting that social expectations may affect the perception and reporting of these symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Health, growth and sexual development of teenagers exposed in utero to medroxyprogesterone acetate.

General health, growth and sexual development were evaluated in 74 teenage boys and 98 girls who had been exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in utero, and 385 boys and 448 girls not exposed. In this 17-year prospective study, the ascertainment of the end points was 'double blind' in that neither the interviewer nor the subject was aware of our interest in MPA. On average, girls exposed to MPA reported reaching the menarche 4 months earlier than the comparison group. This difference disappeared, however, in a multiple regression analysis taking into account social class, the mother's age at menarche and height of the girl's mother and father. Boys exposed to MPA reported their growth spurt to have occurred an average of 6 months earlier and voices to have broken 5 months earlier than unexposed boys. Again, the differences between them and the comparison group disappeared after controlling for confounding variables. There were no significant differences between the MPA-exposed and comparison groups in a wide variety of indices of health reported by the teenagers' mothers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that intrauterine exposure to MPA, in the doses used for pregnancy maintenance or for contraception, poses no threat to the long-term health and development of the progeny.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Aggression, physical activity levels and sex role identity in teenagers exposed in utero to MPA.

Sex-dimorphic traits and behavior were measured in a 17-year old prospective study of 74 teenager boys and 98 girls who had been exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate in utero compared with 459 boys and 546 girls not exposed. Bem Sex Role Identity scores were identical in exposed and non-exposed teenagers of each sex. There were no significant differences between MPA-exposed and non-exposed males or females on the Buss-Durkee overall aggression scale and on its assaultiveness subscale. Mothers of exposed males more often reported that teachers had complained that their offspring were naughty in school. No such difference was reported for females, nor for other school behaviors of dominance/aggression, activity, shyness and quietness. Exposed and non-exposed children were similar in the number of accidents experienced in childhood, as reported by their mothers, and in participation in competitive sports. These findings fail to support hypotheses posed by earlier researchers that exposure in utero to medroxyprogesterone acetate might alter sex-dimorphic behavior or traits in later life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Long-term effects of MPA on human progeny: intellectual development.

Tests of verbal and spatial ability were done on 450 boys and 537 girls in their late teens of whom 73 and 97, respectively, had been exposed in utero to MPA. Exposed boys achieved higher raw scores than controls on verbal and spatial tests but the differences were explained by their more favorable demographic and social characteristics. Exposed girls did not differ from controls. Although, mothers of exposed boys reported that their offspring talked and walked later than controls, our results support the hypothesis that intrauterine exposure to MPA at contraceptive doses has no long-term effect on intellectual development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Granulomatous inflammation of minor salivary gland ducts: a new oral manifestation of Crohn's disease.

Multiple sublingual cystic masses developed in a 27-year-old man with active intestinal Crohn's disease during prednisone therapy. Surgical excision revealed noncaseating granulomatous inflammation involving the walls of minor salivary gland ducts. In some areas, this ductal lesion was associated with rupture and mucocele formation. Three weeks after excision of the salivary gland tissue, the patient experienced an exacerbation of his intestinal disease, accompanied by a recurrent lesion on the floor of his mouth and aphthous ulcerations of the buccal mucosa. The oral lesions and intestinal symptoms resolved only after azathioprine therapy. This salivary gland lesion represents a previously undescribed oral manifestation of Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Role of prostaglandins and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in the pathogenicity of vaccinia virus.

The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) of the A series (A1 and dimethyl PGA2), E1, D2, F2 alpha and PGI2 (prostacyclin) and of inhibitors of PG synthesis (aspirin and indomethacin) on the pathogenicity of vaccinia virus was studied in BALB/c mice. PGs of the A series, D2 and F2 alpha conferred little or no protection to mice against the lethal effects of vaccinia virus. Mice treated with PGE1 showed a dramatic increase in mortality after viral infection. However, when mice were treated with PGI2, their survival was greatly enhanced. Mice treated with aspirin and indomethacin showed a marked increase in mortality. Increased mortality correlated with higher virus yields in target tissues (spleen) and with inhibition of antibody response, whereas the increase in survival correlated with lower virus yields and with normal antibody responses. The significance of our findings is that PGI2 can block the outcome of the disease caused by vaccinia virus whereas other PGs and their inhibitors not only worsen the disease, but may activate and enhance viral infections through immune suppression.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea via the fossa of Rosenmuller.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in children are not rare as described by Harwood-Nash and Caldicott, North, and Simpson. Those involving the sphenoid bone apparently are rare, particularly in early childhood.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea↗
PubMed1974

Ulcer disease, metabolic alkalosis and hyperparathyroidism: A mechanism of interrelationship?

In both normal volunteers and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the induction of a metabolic alkalosis by infusion of sodium bicarbonate results in a decrease in serum calcium ion and in an increase of circulating parathyroid hormone concentrations. Bicarbonate infusion may serve in man as a new provocative test for release of parathyroid hormone. Furthermore, we speculate that the metabolic alkalosis which is found at times in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and severe peptic ulcer disease may result in parathyroid gland stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

To trim or replant: a matter of cost.

Many factors are involved in the decision whether to complete the amputation of an injured digit and trim the stump or to replant the amputated member. This paper compares the cost of these two treatments so that this financial aspect might be included among the many factors which influence the surgeon's decision. The cost of these treatments was separated into two aspects. First, the overall cost of the medical and surgical expenses was calculated. Second, the cost which the Israeli social security granted the injured worker due to the disability was calculated. By comparing the total surgical and medical costs of amputations and replantations, trimming is far less expensive than replantation. In the long run, the compensation the insurer owes the disabled trimmed patient is far higher than the compensation given to those who were successfully replanted, provided the injured worker has a certain number of working years to retirement and has a yearly income of a certain level. Thus, in most cases, replantation is recommended from the cost benefit aspect.

Amputation, Traumatic↗