Blood pressure measurement in patients with rate controlled atrial fibrillation using mercury sphygmomanometer and Omron HEM-750CP deice in the clinic setting.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
B Jani
Publications and source records attributed to B Jani.
Ageing and vascular ageing.
There is an age related decline in various physiological processes. Vascular ageing is associated with changes in the mechanical and the structural properties of the vascular wall, which leads to the loss of arterial elasticity and reduced arterial compliance. Arterial compliance can be measured by different parameters like pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and systemic arterial compliance. There is evidence that arterial compliance is reduced in disease states such as hypertension, diabetes, and end stage renal failure. Changes in arterial compliance can be present before the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures have been shown to improve arterial compliance. Arterial compliance may constitute an early cardiovascular risk marker and may be useful in assessing the effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system. Pharmacogenetics and genetics of arterial compliance in the future will improve our knowledge and understanding about vascular ageing.
Aging↗
One-year outcomes of panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features and complications of diabetic retinopathy, visual acuity, and number of repeat treatments after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in a tertiary care center. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted with data collection from medical records of patients undergoing panretinal photocoagulation between 1985 and 1995 at the Scheie Eye Institute; 297 eyes of 186 patients were eligible for study. RESULTS: The presence of neovascularization of the disk at baseline, an earlier onset of diabetes, and a shorter duration of disease before panretinal photocoagulation were the strongest risk factors for needing an additional panretinal photocoagulation treatment. Sixty-two percent of eyes with poor visual acuity (< or =20/200) at baseline still had poor visual acuity at 1 year, and 76% with good visual acuity (> or =20/40) at baseline maintained good visual acuity at 1 year. Poor vision at baseline was the only risk factor for having poor vision at 1 year. Vitreous hemorrhage was present in 44% of eyes at baseline. New vitreous hemorrhage developed in 37% of eyes during the first year after panretinal photocoagulation. A traction retinal detachment was present in 4% of eyes at baseline and newly developed in 6% of eyes during follow-up. A repeat panretinal photocoagulation treatment was performed in 39% of eyes after initial treatment. A vitrectomy was performed in 10% of eyes from baseline through the 1-year follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study are useful for counseling patients with respect to likely visual outcome, possibility of major complications from proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and the chance of undergoing additional laser treatment after panretinal photocoagulation.
Adolescent↗
The prevalence and implications of ocular hypertension and glaucoma in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.
PURPOSE: The authors determined the prevalence of ocular hypertension and its association with progression to glaucomatous damage in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). METHODS: The charts of 500 consecutive patients with TAO seen at the Allegheny General Hospital (Pittsburgh, PA) between 1985 and 1995 were analyzed. The amount of proptosis, degree and duration of myopathy, exposure to corticosteroids, prior glaucoma treatment, and family history of glaucoma were evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred twenty (24%) patients with TAO were noted to have an intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 22 mmHg but less than 30 mmHg. This ocular hypertensive group was composed of 34 men and 86 women with a mean age of 55 years and mean follow-up of 4 years. Seven patients were defined as glaucoma suspects, based on increased but nonprogressive cup-to-disc ratios or nonprogressive, atypical visual field changes in the presence of increased IOP. Two patients demonstrated progressive visual field abnormalities and cupping. Of the factors evaluated, only the duration of active orbital involvement was statistically associated with progression to glaucomatous damage. The mean duration of TAO was 3, 8, and 12 years for ocular hypertensives, glaucoma suspects, and glaucomatous damage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only a prolonged duration of active TAO in association with ocular hypertension correlated with progression to glaucomatous damage. These patients with chronic TAO deserve special attention and close follow-up to prevent optic nerve damage.
Adolescent↗
Pholedrine: a substitute for hydroxyamphetamine as a diagnostic eyedrop test in Horner's syndrome.
Mydriatic responses to eyedrops containing the indirect acting sympathomimetic amines tyramine, hydroxyamphetamine, and pholedrine have been compared in 10 healthy subjects. Pholedrine, the n-methyl derivative of hydroxyamphetamine, at a concentration of 1% had effects similar to those produced by 0.5% hydroxyamphetamine itself. Pretreatment with topical guanethidine attenuated its responses and in 13 patients with unilateral Horner's syndrome it distinguished clearly those five patients who had preganglionic from the eight with postganglionic lesions. It is concluded that 1% pholedrine may be substituted for 0.5% hydroxyamphetamine, which is no longer available, as a diagnostic agent for use in Horner's syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Screening for intrauterine growth retardation using ratio of mid-arm circumference to occipitofrontal circumference.
Uncritical application of standard weight percentile charts, derived from white infants, to infants from different ethnic groups may result in an overestimate of the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation in those groups. The ratio of mid-arm circumference to occipitofrontal circumference was studied in 194 babies (49 Asian, 58 black, and 87 white). In contrast with birth weight the ratio did not vary among the ethnic groups; it was also independent of sex. In a prospective study of 64 neonates whose weight was below the 10th percentile on standard charts the ratio of mid-arm circumference to occipitofrontal circumference was a more accurate predictor than weight of those infants who would develop symptoms associated with intrauterine growth retardation. The ratio of mid-arm circumference to occipitofrontal circumference therefore provides a simple, accurate, and cheap way of assessing intrauterine growth retardation in areas with a large multiethnic population, where birth weight varies greatly.
Anthropometry↗
Effects of locally administered anticholinesterase agents on the secretory response of human eccrine sweat glands to acetylcholine and carbachol.
The effects of locally administered physostigmine and di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) were compared on the secretory response of sweat glands to intradermally injected acetylcholine and carbachol in healthy male volunteers (physostigmine: six subjects; DFP: one subject). The response to acetylcholine reached its peak within 10 s of injection and then rapidly declined, whereas the response to carbachol increased steadily reaching a peak between 5 and 7 min after injection. The response to acetylcholine was potentiated in the presence of both physostigmine and DFP, whilst the response to carbachol was not significantly affected by either of these drugs. The difference in the time-course of responses to acetylcholine and carbachol may be attributed to differences in the susceptibility of the two drugs to metabolism by acetylcholinesterase; carbachol, unlike acetylcholine, being virtually immune to metabolism by this enzyme. It is concluded that the response to carbachol is mediated by a direct stimulatory action on post-synaptic muscarinic receptors rather than by activation of pre-synaptic nicotinic receptors leading to the release of endogenous acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine↗
Yersinia enterocolitis in iron overload.
Yersinia enterocolitis with peritonitis and septicaemia developed in a 4-year-old child with thalassemia intermedia and iron overload. It is likely that the illness was exacerbated by continued administration of desferrioxamine, a bacterial siderophore, which facilitated systemic spread of Yersinia. It is recommended that Yersinia enterocolitis be considered in children with iron overload and that desferrioxamine be discontinued and prophylactic antibiotics be administered while Yersinia is sought.
Child, Preschool↗