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Biomedical subjects

B Jansson

Publications and source records attributed to B Jansson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Comparison of immune responses induced by rat RT-1 antigens presented as inserts into liposomes, as protein micelles and as intact cells.

Partially purified rat transplantation antigens (RT-1) were inserted into liposomes composed of various types of lipids and used for immunization. The immune responses induced by the liposomes were compared with responses induced by RT-1 as protein micelles, alone or emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant, or intact cells. Liposomes gave generally a higher humoral response than protein micelles. Each type of RT-1 immunization gave a particular pattern of specific Ig (sub)class responses. Freund's incomplete adjuvant was not only lacking in potentiating effect on low protein dose immunization but had a significant inhibitory effect. Besides intact cells only distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes had the potential to induce a cell-mediated cytotoxic response.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of antibody binding to viable cells by liposomes containing purified rat spleen glycoprotein.

The capacity of liposomes with inserted RT-1 histocompatibility antigen to bind anti-RT-1 antibodies varies depending on their lipid composition and mode of preparation. The binding capacity of liposomes prepared by dialysis is different from that of liposomes prepared by gel filtration or of small membrane protein micelles. A new assay for analysis of membrane antigens has been developed. Liposomes are used to compete for antibody binding with in vitro cultured cells while binding of antibody to the same adherent liposomes is simultaneously assayed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Analysis of toxaphene (PCC) and chlordane in biological samples by NCI mass spectrometry.

Several recent reports indicate that both toxaphene (polychlorocamphene, PCC) and chlordane are widespread pollutants in our environment. These insecticides, both complex mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons, are difficult to separate from each other. Thus the analyses of them in environmental samples are difficult and furthermore complicated by interferences from other chlorinated hydrocarbons such as PCB and DDT compounds. Mass fragmentography using the negative ions formed by chemical ionization proved to be useful to selectively detect the toxaphenes and the chlordanes without interferences from DDT. High concentrations of PCB still influence on the results and have to be removed in the clean-up procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of drug contamination levels in an admixture preparation area.

The risks of drug contamination after transfer manipulations between vials used in admixture preparations were estimated. The transfers were performed inside a safety cabinet using sodium pertechnetate 99Tcm in saline as a 'model' admixture. An air contamination monitor was attached to the safety cabinet above the transfer manipulation area. The monitor filter and all utensils used were collected for measurement of contamination levels in each sample trial. Three types of transfer were performed; one 'open' procedure and two 'closed' procedures, one including an air vent needle in the receiving vial and the other without air vent needle in the receiving vial. The closed procedure including an air vent needle appears to combine good personnel- and product protection.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1983

Does the season of conception influence the frequency of post partum mental illness?

The study is based on two series of patients with post partum mental illness, one consisting of 71 women in Gothenburg 1952-56 and another of 68 women in Stockholm 1976-77. The total number of births in the two cities during the periods in question were used as reference. A strategy of chi-squared test and the Edwards' criteria of seasonality was applied for statistical analyses of the results. A yearly double periodic trend in month of conception could be observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of 12 colon-cleansing regimens with single-contrast barium enema.

In a study of patient preparation for barium enemas, 1,435 patients were examined at six different institutions with 12 different preparation protocols. There were 2,870 films evaluated a total of 7,839 times by seven different radiologists who were blind to both the institution and the preparations used. The statistical design, randomization, and analysis of the data obtained was performed by one of the authors, a statistician, and the following conclusions were made: Dulcolax (bisacodyl) plus 2 L tapwater enema is better than all the other protocols in all parts of the colon for both genders and all ages. Dulcolax or castor oil or X-Prep, each with 2 L water enema, are logically similar and better than the other protocols. Water enema only or castor oil only are the least effective protocols.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1982

Germinal centre hyperplasia: an unfavourable immune response in recurrent malignant melanoma.

A quantitative immunomorphological analysis of actively responding B-(germinal centre) and T-lymphocyte (paracortical) areas in 187 patients with malignant melanoma recurrent in the regional lymph nodes has been made. The results show that tumour involved nodes have significantly increased germinal centre and decreased paracortical response in comparison with uninvolved lymph nodes. Patients treated with surgery alone whose uninvolved nodes had hyperplastic (defined as exceeding the median) germinal centre areas, had significantly shorter survival than those without germinal centre hyperplasia. No association was found between lymph node immunomorphology and survival in BCG treated patients.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1981

Seneca County, New York: an area with low cancer mortality rates.

The combined mortality rates for all high-rate neoplasms and for all malignant neoplasms combined are considerably lower in Seneca County, New York, than in its surrounding counties. The possibility that these lower rates are attributable to the geochemical uniqueness of the two lakes that enclose the county, availability and concentration of selenium, high salinity of the lakes, and high concentration of potassium cations is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The antidiabetic effect and pharmacokinetic properties of glipizide. Comparison of a single dose with divided dose regime.

In 13 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus which did not respond to diet therapy alone, serum concentration of glipizide, blood glucose (B-G) concentration, serum immunoreactive insulin (S-IRI) and plasma glycerol (P-G) were monitored hourly over 12 hours after placebo, an initial dose of glipizide (5 mg p.o.) and long-term treatment with glipizide (range 7.5--20 mg, mean 10.4), which produced fasting B-G of less than 8 mmol/l. During the long-term treatment, glipizide was given in a random, cross-over pattern, either as a single dose in the morning or as a three-part divided dose regime, in the same total daily amount. The duration of the immediate effects of glipizide on B-G, S-IRI and S-IRI/B-G was 9, 4.5 and 6.5 hours, respectively. The mean apparent half-life of glipizide was 4.1 hours, the mean distribution volume 0.13 l/kg and the mean plasma clearance 0.023 l/kg x h. The area under the concentration curve from 7.30 a.m. to 7.30 p.m. was 15% higher after the single dose regime. The serum levels of glipizide at 10 hours were only 30% lower than after the three-part divided dose regime. There were no significant differences between the single and divided dose regimes as regards B-G, S-IRI and S-IRI/B-G, although the mean B-G for the 12-hour period was somewhat lower after the former than after the latter (7.0 against 8.7 mmol/l).

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Cancer risk, age at diagnosis, and age at death as functions of season of birth.

The Third National Cancer Survey (TNSC) includes more than 90,000 patients who died during the study period. Their lifespan varies with their season of birth. Patients born in the winter became in average 1.5 years older than patients born in the summer. This difference is very significant. The variation agrees with the results from a similar study performed about 50 years ago which used genealogical data. The season of birth distributions are equal for males and females, slightly different for blacks and whites and different for colon, rectum, breast cancer patients compared to stomach and lung cancer patients. There are significant regional difference with greater variation in season of birth for patients residing in hot areas than for patients residing in cold areas. It is assumed that the observed phenomena are related to health in general and not to cancer in particular.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Wide variation in serum chlorpropamide concentration in outpatients.

Serum chlorpropamide concentrations (s-CPA) were determined and related to clinical findings in 83 outpatients with maturity onset diabetes. The daily doses of CPA (mg/kg) varied six-fold, but s-CPA ranged 18-fold between the patients. There was a significant correlation between dose and s-CPA (r = 0.61), which rose to 0.75 in the 30 patients who had prescribed no other drugs. Patients given other drugs concomitantly were over-represented amongst subjects with extreme values of apparent plasma clearance of CPA. There was no correlation either between serum creatinine or age and s-CPA. Of the 83 patients 40 (48%) had acceptable blood and urinary glucose values according to our criteria; but as 17 were overweight, only 23 patients (28%) had acceptable clinical control. Of the remaining 60 patients, too low a dose was being given to only 12, and dietary failure was the most probable explanation in the others. Thirteen patients (16%) probably did not need CPA. It is likely that this is a partial explanation for the high utilisation of oral antidiabetic drugs in Sweden. There was no general correlation between dose or s-CPA and blood glucose values, but analysis of s-CPA may still be of value in explaining unexpected changes in clinical control.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Auditing hospital drug utilisation by means of defined daily doses per bed-day. A methodological study.

The utilisation of hypnotics, sedatives, and minor tranquillisers (HSmT) was studied by means of drug-delivery and hospital occupancy statistics for 1975-1977 in a Swedish university hospital. A total of 0.53 so-called defined daily doses (DDD)/bed-day were delivered in 1975, implying that every second patient might have regularly been prescribed HSmT. The benzodiazepines were predominant with 71% of the deliveries. Five major drugs accounted for 88%. The drug pattern and the range of DDD/day-bed (0.09-1.18) differed considerably between the departments. Drugs not recommended by the hospital's Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committe accounted only for 3% of deliveries. In a drug surveillance study performed in two medical wards, HSmT were prescribed for 43% of 274 patients. Drug delivery and prescription data were in broad agreement. Drug information activities in the hospital had a clearly discernable influence on the delivered DDD/bed-day. This measure is an inexpensive indicator of drug utilisation in a hospital and a suitable basis for therapeutic audit.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1979

Chlorinated phenoxyacetic acid derivatives and tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in foliage after application of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters.

Six reforestation areas were sprayed with 2,4,5-T esters. Leaf samples from the areas were analyzed for the esters, tetrachlorodioxin, and dehalogenated phenoxyacetic acid esters. Tetrachlorodioxin was found in one leaf sample only, but the level found, relative to the amount of 2,4,5-T ester found, was lower than in the formulation material used in the study. The concentration of the dichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters present in several leaf samples was greater, relative to the 2,4,5-T ester, which indicated a photochemical breakdown of the 2,4,5-T in the environment.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗