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B Jaulhac

Publications and source records attributed to B Jaulhac.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

An outbreak of Pneumococcal pneumonia among residents of a retirement home in France during October 2003.

We describe an outbreak of pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in a French retirement home. Eleven residents developed pneumonia. Eight patients had positive results of urinary antigen tests. There were no further cases after the implementation of control measures, which involved isolation of and receipt of antibiotic therapy by symptomatic residents. No risk factors for transmission of S. pneumoniae were identified in this population.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA using MagNA Pure DNA extraction and Cobas Amplicor CT/NG amplification.

The automated MagNA Pure DNA extraction method for Chlamydia trachomatis was compared with the manual Cobas Amplicor protocol using 100 microL of input sample volume from 964 specimens. Agreement between protocols was 96.1%. The automated extraction method had a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 100%. Amplification inhibition observed after manual preparation of samples (3.8%) was not apparent following automated extraction. Using 200 microL of sample in the automated extraction process lowered the detection limit without raising the inhibition rate. Furthermore, the automated extraction method halved the hands-on time required for the procedure.

Automation↗
PubMed2004

Peripartum bacteremias due to Leptotrichia amnionii and Sneathia sanguinegens, rare causes of fever during and after delivery.

We report three cases of delivery and postpartum bacteremia due to unusual anaerobic bacteria in healthy young women. Leptotrichia amnionii bacteremia occurred during delivery in two mothers and was associated with fetal distress during labor. Conversely, Sneathia sanguinegens bacteremia occurred postpartum, 2 days after delivery, without consequence for the neonate.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Antibiotic resistance among anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli: lessons from a French multicentric survey.

Temporal changes of antibiotic susceptibilities among anaerobes in France are followed in our laboratory since 1992. For Bacteroides strains, resistance increased from 1992 to 1998 for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotetan and clindamycin. The present study evaluates the situation in 2000 for 434 Gram-negative anaerobic clinical isolates (obtained from 9 large university hospitals) by testing amoxicillin and ticarcillin alone or combined with clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cefotetan, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole (using the NCCLS-approved method for MIC determination. The main genera tested included Bacteroides (359 strains of the fragilis group), Prevotella (40 strains), Fusobacterium (23 strains) and miscellaneous species (8 strains). Resistance rates within the B. fragilis group were: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 5.6%, ticarcillin 33%, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid 2%, cefoxitin 13%, cefotetan 44%, clindamycin 33%, imipenem 1% and metronidazole <1%, respectively. Only one strain of B. fragilis was resistant to metronidazole (MIC=64 mg/L); due to the presence of the nimA gene on the chromosome. Resistance to imipenem or metronidazole was only found among the B. fragilis species. These two former drugs excepted, B. fragilis was less resistant to antibiotics than the other species. beta-lactamase production was detected for 357/359 strains of the fragilis group, 26/40 stains of Prevotella and 3/23 strains of Fusobacterium. Dynamic changes of antibacterial resistance are occurring within the B. fragilis group: decreased resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, imipenem while resistance for cefoxitin, cefotetan, clindamycin continues to increase. Regular antibiotic surveys are needed as a source of information to guide the empirical therapy of anaerobic infections.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

[Rheumatologic manifestations of Lyme borreliosis].

PURPOSE: Lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic infection caused by the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi. In European endemic areas like northeast France, articular manifestations are, after neuroborreliosis, the most frequent extra-cutaneous features observed. Among the pathogenic species of Borrelia, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the most frequently identified during Lyme arthritis, but others species also seem to be involved. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: The diagnosis of Lyme arthritis is usually based on combined clinical data and serological laboratory tests. In atypical forms, detection of bacterial DNA could be useful. While mechanisms involved in acute Lyme arthritis are beginning to be better understood, the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis, which concerns about 10% of the patients, remains unknown. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the prolonged evolution of the articular disease: a chronic persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi, which evades the host immune system within the joint and/or an autoimmune mechanism by molecular mimicry. The antibiotic therapy is codified in acute arthritis, but is not really adapted in chronic Lyme arthritis or post-Lyme syndrome. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: To prevent the disease, the vaccine available in the United States does not offer complete protection and is not useful in Europe since the species heterogeneity is important for the outer surface protein A. A better understanding of Lyme disease pathogenesis can subsequently lead to new therapeutic or preventive approaches.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Long-term prognosis of patients treated for erythema migrans in France.

BACKGROUND: The long-term prognosis of patients treated for erythema migrans has only rarely been assessed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients treated for erythema migrans in the region of Alsace, France. METHODS: In a prospective study, 56 consecutive patients presenting with erythema migrans at the Strasbourg University Hospital between 1995 and 1999 were examined and a Borrelia burgdorferi enzyme immunoassay was performed. Patients were treated with tetracyclines or amoxycillin. Patients were re-examined 6 weeks later and a telephone interview was performed in summer 2000 to evaluate the long-term outcome. RESULTS: There were 25 women and 31 men of mean age 49 years presenting with single (n = 54) or multiple (n = 2) erythema migrans lesions. At the time of diagnosis, 30% of the patients had systemic signs, myalgias or arthralgias and only 36% of 50 patients were seroreactive against B. burgdorferi. None of the 51 patients evaluated at 6 weeks and none of the 37 patients interviewed after a median delay of 3 years had developed complications attributable to Lyme borreliosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of patients treated for Lyme borreliosis in this part of France is excellent. Therefore, a complete clinical examination is sufficient as an initial evaluation and long-term follow-up is not necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dialister pneumosintes associated with human brain abscesses.

In this report, we review two cases of brain infection due to Dialister pneumosintes in previously healthy patients. The bacterium was isolated from the first patient by blood culture and directly from a brain abscess in the second patient. In both cases, the infection was suspected to be of nasopharyngeal or dental origin. The patients had favorable outcomes following surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment. After in vitro amplification and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, two strains were classified as D. pneumosintes. However, traditional biochemical tests were not sufficient to identify the bacteria. In addition to causing periodontal and opportunistic infections, D. pneumosintes, contained in mixed flora, may behave as a clinically important pathogen, especially in the brain. In addition to phenotypic characterization, 16S rRNA partial sequencing was used to identify D. pneumosintes definitively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Borrelia strains that cause erythema migrans in Alsace, France].

INTRODUCTION: In Europe, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are known as pathogens among the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group. Since it is not yet known which Borrelia are responsible for Lyme borreliosis in France, the objective of this study was to identify the species of Borrelia responsible for erythema migrans in the region of Alsace, France. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with erythema migrans (EM) of more than 5 cm of diameter were included in this prospective study. All patients were investigated at the Strasbourg University Hospital. Patients were biopsied on the active border of their lesion. Cutaneous biopsies of the active border of the lesion were cultivated in BSK-H medium (Sigma) and analysed in vitro by PCR after 8 weeks of culture, using flagellin consensus sequences which are present in all species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group as primers. Species-specific oligotyping was used for species identification. RESULTS: Among the 18 patients biopsied, 7 had evidence of borrelia infection revealed by culture and/or PCR. Borrelia afzelii was detected in 4 patients and Borrelia garinii in three. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results appear to confirm that Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are the predominant borrelial species in EM lesions in our geographic area, as in other European countries.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Disease expression of Lyme borreliosis in northeastern France.

Since very little is known about the clinical expression of Lyme borreliosis in Western Europe, a 3-year prospective study was conducted that included all patients seen for suspected Lyme borreliosis at the Strasbourg University Hospital in northeastern France. The diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis was made on the basis of the presence of erythema migrans or on the basis of another suggestive clinical manifestation and laboratory confirmation. A total of 132 patients, 70 women and 62 men, mean age 54 years, had Lyme borreliosis according to these criteria. Within this study group, 77% of the patients were regularly exposed to tick bites and 64% could remember one. Erythema migrans, the most frequent clinical manifestation, occurred in 60% of the patients and was the only sign of Lyme borreliosis in 40%. Lymphocytoma and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were rare (1 and 3 patients, respectively). Nervous system involvement (mainly radiculoneuropathy), the second most common clinical manifestation, was found in 40% of the patients and was the only sign of Lyme borreliosis in 22%. Musculoskeletal involvement was present in 26% of the patients and was an isolated finding in 14%. During the study period, no patient was diagnosed with Lyme carditis. There was serological evidence of Lyme borreliosis in 75% of the cases and direct evidence of borrelial infection in 10 (7.5%). The results show that the clinical expression of Lyme borreliosis in northeastern France is similar to that in other European countries but different from that in North America.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Treatment resistant Lyme arthritis caused by Borrelia garinii.

Lyme arthritis is caused in Europe by three main pathogenic species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii. Because few synovial samples have yet been analysed by species-specific DNA amplification methods, further studies are needed to define the spectra of clinical manifestations associated with these different species. Two cases of treatment resistant Lyme arthritis are reported here, in which DNA amplification of the flagellin gene followed by dot-blot hybridisation in the synovial fluid identified B garinii as the causative agent. Clinical and biological data did not differ from the usual descriptions of Lyme arthritis, but as the recently reported molecular mimicry between OspA and hLFA1 is not applicable to B garinii, the pathogenesis of the present cases remains unclear. Future studies should aim at assessing the role of B garinii in European Lyme arthritis and its possible pathogenic and therapeutic consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Direct molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in synovial samples from patients with lyme arthritis.

Since Lyme arthritis was first described in the United States, it has now been reported in many countries of Europe. However, very few strains of the causative bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, have been isolated from synovial samples. For this reason, different molecular direct typing methods were developed recently to assess which species could be involved in Lyme arthritis in Europe. We developed a simple oligonucleotide typing method with PCR fragments from the flagellin gene of B. burgdorferi sensu lato, which is able to differentiate seven different Borrelia species. Among 10 consecutive PCR-positive patients with Lyme arthritis from the northeastern France, two species were identified in synovial samples: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in 9 cases and B. garinii in 1 case. Conversely, all B. burgdorferi sensu lato species detected in 10 consecutive PCR-positive biopsies from a second set of patients with erythema migrans from the same geographical area were identified as either B. afzelii or B. garinii (P < 0.001). These results indicate that B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is the principal but not the only Borrelia species involved in Lyme arthritis in northeastern France.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1999

Oxacillin susceptibility testing of staphylococci directly from Bactec Plus blood cultures by the BBL Crystal MRSA ID system.

The BBL Crystal MRSA ID test (Becton Dickinson) was applied directly to blood culture vials containing clusters of gram-positive cocci. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 84 and 100% and 54 and 100% for vials containing Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, respectively. This test is a reliable method for direct detection of methicillin resistance in positive blood culture vials when S. aureus is identified in parallel by rapid identification procedures.

Blood↗