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B Joly

Publications and source records attributed to B Joly.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Bactericidal activity "in vitro" of sulfamethoxazol-tri-methoprime (SMZ-TMP) alone and in combination with various antibiotics on bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

The authors study "in vitro" effects of sulfamethoxazol-trimethroprime (SMZ-TMP) on 1 078 bacterial strains isolated from urinary-tract infections during january 1974, the second trimester 1974 and january 1975. Study involves two parts : comparison between bacteriostatic activity of SMZ-TMP, ampicillin and nalidixic acid; evaluation of bactericidal activity of antibiotic associations including SMZ-TMP. MIC study included all strains. On Gram- negative bacilli the bacteriostatic activity of SMZ-TMP (74,6 percent of sensitive strains) was comparable with nalidixic acid (79,6 percent of sensitive strains) and better than ampicillin 31,4 percent of sensitive strains). On staphylococcus strains the bacteriostatic activity of SMZ-TMP (84,6 percent of sensitive strains) is better than ampicillin (36,4 percent of sensitive strains); on streptococcus strains the bacteriostatic activity of ampicillin (71 percent of sensitive strains) is better than SMZ-TMP (5l percent of sensitive strains). 473 associations including SMZ-TMP were studied upon 44 strains of Gram- negative bacilli by bactericidal test. ("Cross disposition" method, derive from "cellophane transfer method".

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1979

[Activity of antibiotics and heavy metals against "Aeromonas" isolated from aquatic environments: phenotypic and genetic transfers (author's transl)].

In this study, 64% of the 197 strains of Aeromonas isolated from different stages of aquatic environment (surface water, sewage...) were resistant to one or two antibiotics, and 20% to four or more antibiotics. These multiresistant strains were only isolated from sewage and their resistances were transferable by conjugation to different species of Gram-negative bacilli. The incidence of these results is discussed.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1977

[Comparative study of 7 cephalosporins on "Staphylococcus aureus" by the method of population analysis (author's transl)].

Miscellaneous Staphylococcus aureus populations were tested with seven commercialized cephalosporins. The strains were divided in five groups according to the following criteria: penicillinase production or not: sensitivity to methicillin and cephalosporins; RB type resistance to methicillin; RH and RO type resistance to every beta-lactamine (according to Chabbert and Baudens). For each cephalosporin studied, the population cell analysis performed with these different groups showed the constant heterogeneous arrangement of the individual MIC. However, whatever the staphylococcus group, cephaloridine remains the antibiotic that inhibits the largest number of cells at lower concentration than other cephalosporins. In vitro results were compared with pharmacokinetic data of the different cephalosporins.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1976

[The resistance of "Pseudomonas" to antibiotics and heavy metal: minimal inhibitory concentrations and genetic transfers (author's transl)].

The antibiotic sensitivity of 43 strains of Pseudomonas and the minimal inhibitory concentration of mercurial derivatives (5 mineral salts and 4 organics compounds) and of silver nitrate to these microorganisms have been studied. Twelve of these strains were P. aeruginosa of hospital origin, and 31 were Pseudomonas from surface water. Resistance against these inhibitory substances let us to established some connections between the different strains. Some strains were selected to transfer resistance markers by conjugation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Should resistance to methicillin of RH mutant staphylococci be necessarily attributed to cephalosporins?].

The resistance to cephalosporins of 48 heterogeneous methicillin-resistant strains ("RH" mutants) of Staphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus is studied in vitro with various methods: sensitivity discs test on Mueller-Hinton medium with 5 per cent NaCl at 37 degrees C; M.I.C. in solid medium by spots medium with two inocula: a light inoculum (10(7) bacterial/ml) and a heavy inoculum (10(9) bacteria/ml). With light inoculum all strains have M.I.C. to cephaloridin less than 2 meg/ml and seem sensitive. With heavy inoculum 45 sc. equal or superior to 64 meg/ml and then are resistant. These resistances occur after 3 degrees C. The varied methods of detection of mutants to cephalosporins are discussed in this paper.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1966

[Galactosemias].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new colonization factor antigen (CFA/III) produced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O128:B12.

Fourteen enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated in the Dakar area (Senegal) from cases of diarrhoea in children were tested for the presence of adhesive factors. None of these strains possessed colonization factor antigens CFA/I or CFA/II, but one strain (strain 1373) presented a haemagglutination (HA) type similar to that of the CFA/I reference strain and failed to be agglutinated with CFA/I antiserum. Strain 1373 adhered strongly in vitro to human enterocyte brush borders. HA was not inhibited by D-mannose (which inhibits HA of type 1 pili) or by N-acetylneuraminic acid (which inhibits HA of CFA/I and CFA/II). HA and the adhesion of strain 1373 were inhibited by anti-CFA/III serum but not by anti-CFA/I or anti-CFA/II sera. The colonization factor antigen (CFA) of strain 1373 is a new antigen (which we propose to call CFA/III) and is distinct from CFA/I, CFA/II and type 1 pili. CFA/III has a protein subunit of molecular weight of about 16,000.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of a beta-lactamase from Pasteurella multocida.

A bovine strain of Pasteurella multocida was found to produce a beta-lactamase. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin (128 mg/l) and ticarcillin (512 mg/l) were high for this strain. The enzyme was periplasmic and produced constitutively, and there was no obvious permeability barrier. This enzyme had a TEM-substrate profile, and no inhibition was detected with antisera (anti-TEM-1, anti-TEM-2). The apparent isoelectric point was estimated at 8.8.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The alkahest, universal dissolvent or when theory turns an impossible practice into the imaginable].

Using again a term coined by Paracelsus, Van Helmont calls Alkahest the universal solvent able to reduce any body in its prime matter. The search for Alkahest takes up a great part of the chemical works of the second half of the seventeenth century. Simple corrosive product for some, "Philosophers' Mercury" for others, Alkahest withstands objections in spite of its absurd properties, by means of the persistence of alchemical theories in the field of chemistry.

Alchemy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of heavy metals and their derivatives in the selection of antibiotics resistant gram-negative rods (author's transl)].

The authors have studied 116 Gram-negative strains, 27 of which were sensitive to antibiotics and 89 showed multiple resistance. The MIC of mercury chloride, mercuric nitrate and of an aqueous solution of mercuresceine were much higher in the case of the sensitive strains. The transfer of resistance to mercury, which has been achieved in 56% of cases, was always accompanied by transfer of resistance to the antibiotics. The MIC of phenylmercury borate, mercurothiolic acid and other heavy metals (such as: cobaltous nitrate, silver nitrate, cadmium nitrate, nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper sulphate and sodium arsenate) are approximatively the same for all strains. The normal concentrations of mercury in nature are lower than the rate of microbial selection. But in areas of accumulation, particularly in biological chains or in hospitals, the mercury compounds could play a part in the selection of antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["In vitro" study of attachment to human enterocytes in "Escherichia coli" strains isolated from infants with diarrheal disease (author's transl)].

One hundred and four Escherichia coli strains isolated in the Hospital Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (France) from faeces of 26 infants with diarrheal diseases and of 29 infants with non-diarrheal diseases were tested for their ability to adhere to intestinal villi of the human small intestine. The haemagglutination (HA) type (with human, bovine, chicken and guinea-pig erythrocytes) and the agglutination of adhering strains by anti-colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) serum and by anti-CFA/II serum were determined. Seventeen strains adhered to the brush border of the human small intestine. All these strains were isolated from infants with diarrhea; among these strains, only two possessed one CFA: one of them exhibited HA type I and was agglutinated by the anti-CFA/I serum; the second exhibited HA type II and was agglutinated by the anti-CFA/II serum. Six strains exhibiting HA type III and nine exhibiting other HA types were not agglutinated by anti-CFA/I or CFA/II sera. There were no relationship between the adherence and the serotypes or the antibiotic resistance of these strains.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A study of chloramphenicol resistance in "Salmonella" and identification of the relevant R plasmid (author's transl)].

Seventy nine strains of salmonella of human origin were tested for antibiotic-resistance. Eighteen strains (11 Salmonella typhi-murium, 4 S. saint-paul and 3 S. dublin) were multiresistant, particularly to chloramphenicol. All the strains were able to transfer their resistance by conjugation. Thirteen conjugation R plasmids were classified into five incompatibility groups: I1, N, H1, M and B. Molecular studies showed that the DNA structures of the four IncI1R plasmids differed from one another and also partly from the plasmid DNA structures of other IncI1R plasmid DNA isolated from salmonellae. In conclusion, chloramphenicol resistance was conferred by various R factors, and the R factors of the I1 incompatibility group appeared to have different plasmid structures.

Chloramphenicol↗