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Biomedical subjects

B Justice

Publications and source records attributed to B Justice.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Evidence fails to support more punishment as remedy for childhood violence.

Insisting that more punishment will produce more justice for children who are "victims of violence" at the hands of other children overlooks the fact that discipline should also change behavior. Evidence indicates that abandonment of mediation and "nonjudicial" methods in favor of stronger "police forces" for children is ill-advised. There is support for Purkey's (1990) conclusion that there is no "one-best method." How students respond to any strategy designed to reduce violence behavior is likely to be a function of background variables as well as the nature of the method.

Child↗
PubMed1979

The effects of response bias on sex differences in a psychiatric population.

A sample of 58 male and 84 female new admissions to a psychiatric facility was interviewed to identify sex differences in personal and social functioning. Female subjects were found to score significantly higher on intrapsychic distress scales while male subjects scored higher on scales measuring antisocial behavior. Using analysis of covariance, keeping the L- or Lie scale of the MMPI constant, all measures which had previously shown significant sex differences now became nonsignificant. This finding suggests that reported sex differences may be accounted for by response bias.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A client satisfaction survey as one element in evaluation.

Surveys and interviews were conducted with clients and former clients of units of a large mental health and mental retardation authority as part of an evaluation of the agency. Both clients and former clients reported overall satisfaction with services. Highest percent of dissatisfaction was reported toward operating hours of the agency. Results of the survey were compared with those from similar investigations and conclusions drawn as to why clients are inclined to give favorable ratings to services.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sex differences in perception of life events using self-weights.

This study investigated the relationship between sex differences and the perception of life events as influenced by social desirability. Change events in the lives of 71 subjects being admitted to the adult inpatient unit of a large mental health center were measured by the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire. Social desirability and role perception were measured using the L-Scale of the Mini-Mult, an abbreviated form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The findings suggest that sex differences in the appraisal of life events have a social desirability bias rather than an intrinsic difference between males and females.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Child abuse in terms of a public health model.

A public health model for child abuse has been developed to assist in investigating and understanding the multiple factors in causation of the problem and in designing appropriate intervention strategies. The parents responsible for abuse of the child are viewed as the host, the physical and social setting in which the abuse occurred as the environment, and the child is seen as the agent. The vector is conceptualized as influences affecting relations between host and agent. Intervention strategies relate to identification of high-risk parents, high-risk environments and high-risk children, as well as development of non-specific approaches applicable to all three.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effect of interviewer bias on mental illness questionnaire responses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how interviewer behavior affects information obtained from a respondent during an interview. The five factors of interviewer behavior that were studied were social reinforcement, interviewer disclosure, verbal modeling, interviewer dress, and seating arrangement. The dependent variable was the number of symptoms reported on the 22-item Mental Health Inventory. A total of 128 male and female adult patients under treatment for mental illness were interviewed under procedures using all combinations of the five factors. Control of patient sex, age, ethnicity, and education was effected through the use of a balanced design. The results demonstrated that the behavior of the interviewer influenced the respondent's report of psychiatric symptoms. The largest number of psychiatric symptoms were reported when the interviewer gave social reinforcement while wearing a lab coat and sitting across a desk from the respondent.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Social dysfunction and anxiety.

A sample of 44 male and female adults, newly admitted to outpatient clinics at a large community mental health center, was given the Denver Community Mental HEALTH Questionnaire on social functioning, the abbreviated version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale. The results indicate that impairment of social functioning, as well as personality disturbance and excessive change, is strongly associated with anxiety. The outcome implies that effective treatment must include social and vocational training in addition to psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Life crisis as a precursor to child abuse.

A number of theories have been proposed on the causation of child abuse, and many of these theories assign some role to stress. Stress is variously conceptualized as a continuous state resulting from poverty, poor housing, and the like, or as an immediate crisis such as an argument or the breakdown of an appliance. An alternate perspective on stress identifies it with life change events which require readjustment in the lifestyle of a person. When an excessive number or magnitude of such life change events occur, the person affected may be said to be in a state of life crisis. Such states of life crisis have been found to be associated with the onset of physical illness and with the occurrence of accidents and injuries. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to 35 abusing parents and 35 matched controls who had experienced problems with their children but had not been abusive. The two groups were compared for their life change scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale for the year before their abuse or problems began with their children. The mean score of the nonabusers was 124, which does not indicate a life crisis. For the abusers, the mean score was 234, which indicates a moderate life crisis. These means are significantly different at the .001 level by the t test. The role of symbiosis, an emotiontional attachment in which a person seeks to be taken care of by another person, was also explored. It is argued that abusive parents are competing with each other and with their children for the role of being cared for. This kind of behavior seems to make the person particularly vulnerable to life changes, which in turn produce stress. Support for this view was found in the responses to the questionnaire. Prevention strategies aimed at reducing change and stress might include better provision of crisis-intervention services, measures aimed at reducing unemployment or lack of opportunity, effective health maintenance services, and greater provision of counseling and mental health services. Use of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale in a preventive program of early intervention is also possible.

Child↗