Biomedical subjects

B K Chesney

Publications and source records attributed to B K Chesney.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Junior high school students' perceptions regarding nonconsensual sexual behavior.

This study assessed early adolescents' attitudes and perceptions regarding nonconsensual sexual activity. A total of 371 surveys (94% return rate) was completed. More than one-third of respondents (35%) reported they had engaged in sexual intercourse; 17% reported having been sexually coerced by a teen-ager; 19% reported feeling pressure from their friends to have intercourse; 7% reported having been sexually coerced by an adult; and 6% reported having sexually coerced someone else. Students also demonstrated lack of knowledge regarding nonconsensual sexual behaviors. Analysis of variance tests determined if knowledge (KN), attitudes (AT), behavioral intentions (BI), and locus of control (LC) changed across specific background and demographic variables. One background variable (having been sexually coerced by a teen-ager) was associated with high risk orientation (lower scores) on all four subscales. Lower scores also were associated with being male (KN, AT, BI), having sexually coerced someone else (KN, AT, BI), having been sexually coerced by an adult (AT, BI), and having engaged in sexual intercourse (AT, BI).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

National assessment of early elementary teachers perceived self-efficacy for teaching tobacco prevention based on the CDC guidelines.

A national random sample of 505 early elementary school teachers completed a 47-item survey to determine their perceived self-efficacy for teaching tobacco prevention education based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for grades K-3, their training status on tobacco prevention, and their level of teaching about tobacco prevention. Results indicated most of the teachers were female, White, held a bachelor's or master's degree, never smoked, and had not received formal tobacco prevention training. The teachers' scores were high for efficacy expectations, and for outcome expectations. Conversely, for outcome value, teachers ranked tobacco prevention fifth out of six health topics, as the most important health topic to teach elementary students. Also, teachers trained in four tobacco areas or more had statistically significantly higher scores for efficacy expectations than those trained in three or fewer areas. Statistically significant positive associations were also found between years of teaching tobacco prevention and efficacy and outcome expectation scores, and between the amount of time that tobacco prevention was taught during the past school year and outcome value.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Recognizing cancer as a family disease: worries and support reported by patients and spouses.

Data were obtained via mailed questionnaire from 91 adults with cancer and 78 spouses of adults with cancer. Findings suggest that spouses and patients worry equally about their own personal health, and that spouses worry more about patients' futures than the patients do themselves. In addition, spouses and patients report participating equally in the treatment process, yet patients report receiving significantly more social support than do spouses. The results point to the need for expanded attention to the concept of cancer as a "family disease," with special emphasis on the unique and often neglected experience of spouses of adult cancer patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1987

Fluoride supplements. Changes in physicians' attitudes and practices following an intensive, multifaceted educational program.

Results of a 1981 survey of randomly selected primary care physicians with pediatric patients were compared with the results of a similar survey conducted in 1978. In general, the 1981 survey respondents were more knowledgeable on the subject of fluoride and dental caries, had more positive attitudes about the effectiveness of fluoride supplementation, were more likely to prescribe fluoride supplements, and more closely followed the current guidelines for appropriate use of fluoride supplements. An intensive, multifaceted educational program on fluoride and childhood dental caries sponsored by the Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, which started shortly after the first survey, may have contributed to these changes.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1985

Active roles in self-help groups for parents of children with cancer.

Quantitative and qualitative data from 43 self-help groups for parents of children with cancer were examined to identify the nature and types of parents' active roles in these groups. Group interviews with 43 self-help groups and individual questionnaires from 131 parent-members indicate that parent active roles in self-help groups often emerge at three levels--interpersonal, organizational, and institutional. Such groups can provide a unique arena for meeting parents' coping needs during a crisis.

Child↗