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Biomedical subjects

B K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to B K Gupta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Product development studies on the tablet formulation of ibuprofen to improve bioavailability.

To improve the bioavailability of ibuprofen, a thorough preformulation trial was undertaken. As a part of these studies, particle size of the drug, solubility-pH profile, and pH-partition coefficient profile were studied. The probability of improving solubility by solid dispersion technique was also investigated. The effects of different binding agents and incorporation of various proportions of sodium lauryl sulfate on the release rate of ibuprofen were also studied. The in vitro release profiles of the developed tablets showed superiority over the popular marketed tablets.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1998

The role of Gardnerella vaginalis in nonspecific vaginitis in intra uterine contraceptive device users.

Two Hundred Forty patients who had Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) and manifested of nonspecific vaginitis were investigated for the presence of G. vaginalis. Pure growth of this organism was obtained in 14(5.8%) cases while 116(48.3%) cases showed this organism in association with other organisms e.g. Esch. coli (11.7%), Klebsiella (9.2%), Candida (9.2%), Strept. faecalis (7.3%), Proteus species (5.8%) and Staph. albus (5%).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Development and evaluation of an ideal formulation of glibenclamide by solid dispersion techniques.

An attempt was taken to develop an ideal formulation of Glibenclamide. Considering the physico-chemical nature of the drug the solid dispersion system was utilised using hydrophilic and hydrophobic carriers and formulations were made by fusion as well as solvent evaporation/co-precipitation techniques. The resulting formulations were evaluated in respect of physical nature, yield, assay content and stability. The in vitro release profiles of the formulations were compared with the marketed tablet and simple physical mixtures having same composition of drug and excipients. The effects of various carriers as well as manufacturing procedures on the in vitro release rate of drug were also studied. It is observed that a suitable blend of different batches of solid dispersions containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic carriers will give an optimum formulation with quick onset and prolonged duration of action.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1998

Development of amphotericin B loaded nanoparticles.

Amphotericin B loaded nanoparticles were successfully prepared by in-situ emulsion polymerization technique using Ethylcyanoacrylate monomer. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of the nanoparticles showed that the particles were spherical and discrete. Average particle size analysis of two samples were found to be within the range of 475.3 +/- 91.68 to 479.75 +/- 105.49 nm. Thus the particles formed were within the colloidal range. With increase in monomer concentration, the percentages of drug adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles were also increased. At the optimum concentration of Ethylcyanoacrylate (21.6 microliters/ml), 72.1% of Amphotericin B was adsorbed.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1996

Balloon mitral commissurotomy: an intraoperative assessment.

OBJECTIVE: Advances in balloon catheter technology have revolutionized the management of obstructive cardiovascular diseases. For lesions like mitral stenosis, balloon commissurotomy has emerged as an alternative to surgical relief showing definite functional benefits in a few clinical trials, albeit with variable results. Such variability necessitated objective evaluation of the efficacy of balloon mitral commissurotomy. METHODS: The balloon mitral commissurotomy was carried out in 11 patients suffering from isolated mitral stenosis, under vision in a surgical setting. All patients were in NYHA class III/IV. Initially single balloon was used for mitral commissurotomy followed by double balloon, before completing the mitral valvotomy with surgical instruments whenever required. The commissural split was measured by firmly stretching the two commissures using nerve hooks and measuring the distance between the two hooks with the help of a caliper. Assessment of balloon dilation was made by calculating exact percentage of residual commissural split following balloon dilation as compared with completed mitral valvotomy. The exact percentage of commissural split was thus obtained by subtracting residual commissural split following balloon dilation from commissural split obtained after surgical open mitral valvotomy. RESULTS: Complete commissurotomy using the balloon technique was possible in two (18.2%) patients. In the remaining nine (81.8%) patients, balloon expansion provided only 50% to 80% of commissural split and required instrumental completion with good results. CONCLUSIONS: Balloon mitral commissurotomy, by virtue of its circumferential force, helps to develop a good cleavage and attains good hemodynamic improvement which may be life saving in critical mitral stenosis in selected group of patients with pliable mitral leaflets and minimal subvalvular pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Blood conservation in small adults undergoing valve surgery.

OBJECTIVES: A substantial reduction in transfusion requirements for cardiac surgical procedures has been reported. Many of these reports have been described in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients suffering from rheumatic heart disease in India are usually small and also anemic. This study was conducted to assess blood conservation methods for cardiac valve surgery in this subset of patients. DESIGN: This was a prospective, randomized study. SETTING: The study was performed in a New Delhi tertiary care hospital, and the patients were referred from the northern states of India. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty consecutive patients undergoing elective valve surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass were included. The mean age was 27.7 years and mean weight was 45.2 kg. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were divided into three groups of 50 each. Group 1 received autologous fresh blood donated before bypass, and both a cell saver and membrane oxygenator were used. The oxygenator contents at the end of perfusion were processed by cell saver. Group 2 patients were reinfused with autologous blood only, and group 3 was a control group. In groups 2 and 3, the blood that remained in the oxygenator at the conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass was reinfused. A hematocrit of less than 25% was considered an indication for transfusion in the postoperative period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The mean preoperative hematocrit was 35.5%. A mean of 361.1 mL of autologous blood was collected from group 1 and 303.3 mL from group 2. Group 1 required 15 units of bank blood, group 2, 90 units (p < 0.001), and group 3, 102 units (p < 0.001). Seventy-eight percent of group 1 patients did not receive any donor blood. There was no significant difference in chest tube drainage among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this unique group of patients whose mean body weight was only 45 kg, autologous blood alone did not decrease blood bank requirements but when combined with a cell saver and membrane oxygenator greatly reduced the need for donor blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Study of fungi associated with bronchopulmonary disorders.

Two hundred samples from sputum (160), bronchial secretions (35) and pleural aspirate (5) were analysed from patients of bronchopulmonary disorders. One hundred nine samples (54.5%) were positive for the fungi. Candida species (50%) were the predominant fungus isolated, followed by Aspergillus species (3.5%). Among various species of Candida, C. albicans accounted for 29.5% cases of bronchopulmonary disorders.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1995

Acute myocardial infarction during coronary angioplasty associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a well-recognized complication after cardiac or vascular surgery, but it has not been previously reported during percutaneous coronary interventions. This case study describes a patient who developed an acute myocardial infarction during coronary angioplasty in association with the abrupt onset of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Since balloon angioplasty achieved a satisfactory angiographic result with a widely patent epicardial vessel, it is postulated that acute myocardial infarction in this patient may have been caused by platelet aggregation and activation resulting in distal small vessel thrombosis and spasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Study of nerve conduction velocity, somatosensory-evoked potential and late responses (H-reflex and F-wave) of posterior tibial nerve in leprosy.

The present study was conducted in 25 leprosy patients (of different age and sex) with or without clinical evidence of neuropathy. The diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy. A group of 15 age- and sex-matched, healthy persons also were studied for comparison and served as controls. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was reduced in nine patients (36%) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) was reduced in three patients (12%). Late responses (H-reflex and F-wave) were deranged in 16 patients (64%). Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) was deranged in 13 patients (52%). N7-N18 interpeak latency (PCT) was prolonged in two patients (8%); none showed prolongation of N18-N35 interpeak latency (CCT). We observed that nerve conduction velocity, late responses, and SSEPs were deranged in all types of leprosy, regardless of clinical evidence of neuropathy, and were more prominently affected in the tuberculoid (TT) type of leprosy. A study of late responses is more informative than conventional nerve conduction studies for the detection of early lesions of the nerves. The study of SSEP shows involvement of the peripheral part of the nervous system and complete sparing of the central part of the nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cholesterol crystal embolization-associated renal failure after therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.

We report the occurrence of renal failure due to cholesterol crystal embolization following thrombolytic therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). No invasive vascular procedure had been performed. Although there is one case report of cholesterol crystal embolization following t-PA therapy with only extrarenal manifestations (N Engl J Med 321:1270, 1989), this is the first reported case of atheroembolic acute renal failure following t-PA therapy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

Dialysis adequacy versus metabolic factors in the clinical assessment of CAPD.

We performed a cross sectional study of our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (n = 98) to examine the relation between parameters of adequacy of dialysis [KT/V, weekly creatinine clearance (Ccr)], urea kinetics (PCR), biochemical parameters (serum albumin), and clinical status of these patients. We also investigated the predictive value of these parameters in the determination of clinical outcomes. The clinical status of each patient was assessed by patient self-assessment and objectively by physicians and nurses. On this basis a total clinical assessment score was assigned. Individuals with a score of 3 or less were judged to be clinically stable (group 1, n = 61), while a score of 4 or more was considered "not doing well" (group 2, n = 37). A good correlation (r = 0.7) between subjective and objective assessments was observed. No correlation between total clinical assessment score and KT/V, PCRN (normalized protein catabolic rate), or Ccr was obtained, while serum albumin levels correlated inversely (r = -0.30; p < 0.003), suggesting that parameters of dialysis adequacy (weekly KT/V, Ccr) and urea kinetics (PCRN) are not predictive of clinical outcome in CAPD patients, in contrast with hemodialysis (HD) patients. Serum albumin levels were observed to be correlated with clinical outcome in CAPD patients. Hypoalbuminemia was observed in group 2 patients, despite statistically insignificant different values of KT/V, Ccr, and PCRN in the two groups. Therefore, clinical assessment and parameters such as serum albumin must be considered when determining the total well-being of CAPD patients.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1993

Meige's syndrome.

A case of Meige's syndrome is reported who presented with blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia along with dislocation of jaw, due to severe dystonia. Such severe form of dystonia are very rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Incidence of fungal infection in extra hepatic biliary stone disease.

50 patients undergoing biliary surgery were studied to know the incidence of fungal infection. Samples such as bile & stones for mycological analysis were obtained from the gall bladder & Common Bile Duct (CBD) at the time of surgery. Fungal aetiology was established in 8 (16.3%) cases. Incidence of fungal infection was more (12.2%) in gall bladder bile as compared to 6% in common bile duct bile. The nucleus of stone yielded growth of fungus in only 2 (4.6%) cases. Candida albicans, C. tropicalies, C, kruzei, Penicillium and Aspergillus were the common fungal isolates in the present study.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1993

Mycological aspects of dermatomycosis in Ludhiana.

159 clinically diagnosed cases of dermatomycosis were examined and subjected to mycological study. In the direct microscopic examination, 78 (49.05%) cases were positive and cultures were positive in 66 (41.5%) cases. The common clinical presentation was T. corporis in 60 (37.7%) cases. The commonest species encountered was T. rubrum (42.42%) followed by Epidermophyton floccusum (15.15%), Candida (13.63%), T. violaceum (12.12%), T. mentagrophyte (6.06%) & T. tonsurans (1.5%) in this study. The prevalence of infection was more in males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Incidence of salmonella meningitis in Ludhiana (Punjab).

A retrospective study was carried out at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana (Pb.) during the period from January 1985 to December 1990 to know the incidence of Salmonella meningitis. Salmonella etiology was established in 8 (3.43%) cases out of 233 cases of bacterial meningitis. Out of 8 cases, 7 were children under the age of 2 years. 4 Patients yielded S. typhimurium, 3, S. typhi and 1 S. senftenberg from cerebrospinal fluid samples. No Salmonella organism was isolated from blood cultures except one in which S. typhi was isolated. S. typhimurium was the predominant isolate showing multi drug resistance to commonly used drugs such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and kanamycin. S. senftenberg also showed similar drug resistance pattern. S. typhi, on the other hand was sensitive to above antibiotics.

Aged↗