A case study of a nursing assignment pattern.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
B K Sandhu
Publications and source records attributed to B K Sandhu.
Care delivery modes.
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Delivery of Health Care↗
The effects of cisapride on gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with and without neurological disorders.
Cisapride was used to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux in seven children with neurodevelopmental disorders and in 15 children who were neurologically normal. 24-hour lower-oesophageal pH monitoring was carried out before and after treatment. The neurologically normal group had a statistically significant decrease after treatment in percentage time pH less than 4, but children with neurological abnormalities did not have a comparable improvement in reflux scores.
Acetylcholine↗
[Systems for the delivery of health care].
Re-examining the role of the nurse, the authors remind us of the importance of understanding how our system of health care has evolved, as well as what it holds for the future. Presenting an historical overview of the past 50 years, they discuss concepts related to moving the profession forward and suggest the decade ahead offers key opportunities.
Canada↗
Concurrent pancreatic and growth hormone insufficiency in Johanson-Blizzard syndrome.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is one of the recognised features of the Johanson-Blizzard syndrome; other features include hypothyroidism, sensorineural deafness, aplastic alae nasi, developmental delay, and growth retardation. Twenty-one cases of the syndrome have been described to date. The child reported here was diagnosed in the neonatal period, but despite early pancreatic and thyroid replacement therapy his growth remained poor. Anterior pituitary function studies demonstrated growth hormone deficiency, subsequent administration of growth hormone has resulted in an improvement in his growth velocity. This feature has not been well documented and should be considered as a factor contributing to the growth retardation which is a constant feature of this syndrome.
Deafness↗
Optimising oral rehydration solution composition in model systems: studies in normal mammalian small intestine.
Small intestinal perfusion studies have been carried out in animals to evaluate the role of the individual constituents of oral rehydration solution (ORS), in order to draw some conclusions relating to the optimal composition of ORS. Two commercially available ORS, Dioralyte and Rehidrat have also been compared to the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard solution. Maximum rate of water absorption occurred with the WHO solution and least with Rehidrat. The findings of the perfusion studies suggest that in the normal small intestine, optimal water absorption occurs from a solution containing 60 mmol/l of sodium and 80-120 mmol/l of glucose. The addition of bicarbonate and citrate at concentrations present in ORS does not appear to have a significant effect on water absorption. The addition of glycine and diglycine to the standard ORS reduced the net rate of absorption of sodium and water, probably because of the effect of increased osmoality.
Animals↗
Effects of theophylline, choleragen and loperamide on rabbit ileal fluid and electrolyte transport in vitro.
1 The effects of theophylline and cholera toxin on water and anion movements across rabbit ileum in vitro and the reversal of these effects by the opiate action of loperamide have been investigated. Water movement across the mucosal and serosal surfaces of the tissue was measured continuously by a high resolution method. 2 Theophylline caused an increase in short circuit current and reversed the direction of net C1- movement, due mainly to a decrease in mucosal-serosal flux. It also caused a rapid, but transient, reversal in the direction of fluid movement across the mucosal surface. Fluid outflow across the serosal surface was decreased but not reversed. Cholera toxin caused a slow inhibition of water movement across both mucosal and serosal surfaces. 3 Theophylline increased the exit rate of 77Br across the mucosal surface and decreased the exit rate of 77Br across the serosal surface. Theophylline increased the exit rate of 3H-labelled mannitol across the mucosal surface. 4 Loperamide reversed the effects of theophylline and cholera toxin on water flow across the mucosal and serosal surfaces and on net transepithelial C1- flux; it also increased the rate of 77Br exit across the serosal surface of theophylline-treated tissue. These effects of loperamide could be reversed by naloxone. 5 The hydraulic conductivity, Lp of the serosal surface was measured directly by determining the osmotic flow generated by low concentrations of polyethylene glycol (mol. wt. 20,000 and 90,000). Theophylline reduced the Lp by 57%. Loperamide added to theophylline-treated tissues increased the Lp by 340%. This effect was reversed by naloxone. 6 These results indicate that modulation of intestinal smooth muscle tone affects transepithelial ion and water flows in vitro. The increase in tone induced by secretagogues increases ion and water reflux via wide shunt channels in the mucosa and thereby reduces net absorption. The increased net fluid and electrolyte absorption induced by loperamide results from the opiate-dependent inhibition of acetylcholine release from intrinsic ganglia which reduces smooth muscle tone and thereby enhances the fluid and electrolyte conductance of the submucosal layers.
Animals↗
[Case management. The nursing business of care or cost].
Less money spent on health services, cost-effectiveness, better productivity and more efficiency are some of the driving forces of contemporary "neo-liberalism" and political trends. How can nursing services and the profession's human values adapt in this difficult context? The authors describe the newest modality of patient care delivery system: nursing case management. They examine the factors and assumptions that led up to its development and point out the validity of asking some serious questions before embarking on the euphoria of case management.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
Perceiving patient assignment methods through a conceptual framework.
For several decades, the nursing process has been the central issue for numerous nursing discussions. Definitions, meanings, sequences and steps as well as their significance have been presented within the context of given clinically oriented conceptual frameworks. On the other hand, the nursing process could be largely influenced by the organizational context in which it is exercised. This article shows how analyzing patient assignment methods through a conceptual framework permits a better understanding of the ways organizational factors impact upon nursing process quality. Nursing care is the central issue of nursing modalities which characterize the organization and provision of its delivery. In this analysis, these modalities are renamed patient assignment methods. They refer to the tasks, roles, policy and structure for allocating nursing personnel to patients for the provision of nursing care in a hospital unit (Kérouac, Duquette & Sandhu, 1990; Nunson, Beckman, Clinton, Kever & Simms, 1980). The synonyms for patient assignment method found in the literature are: nursing assignment patterns, nursing assignment systems, and organization mode of nursing care (McLennan, 1983). Whatever its name, a given modality does not occur by chance but, rather is a product of specific characteristics. Some of these characteristics pertain to the nursing process. These characteristics can be identified and better understood through a conceptual framework. Historically, patient assignment methods have been extensively described in the literature. The descriptions usually focus on their merits and limitations or their comparisons with one and another. To the best of our knowledge, they have not been analysed using a conceptual framework. This article demonstrates how patient assignment methods could be better understood through an analysis using a conceptual framework. This analysis aims to systematically examine the commonly used patient assignment methods: case, functional, team, primary and modular. Particular attention is paid to the variables that influence the patient assignment methods, for instance, patient characteristics, nursing resources and organizational support. Furthermore, the variables related to nursing process quality, such as, comprehensiveness, accountability, continuity, and coordination of care are also examined. This article is addressed to all nurses who wish to examine through new lenses some of the ways they deliver patient care. Knowing more about the patient assignment method one uses implies understanding the contribution of the organizational factors applicable to the nursing process. Moreover, it is a sure way of enhancing quality care when one has the knowledge of the philosophy, values, beliefs and meanings inherent in each assignment method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Models, Nursing↗
[Career plans in the clinical milieu].
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Career Mobility↗