Biomedical subjects

B Kinge

Publications and source records attributed to B Kinge.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

The influence of near-work on development of myopia among university students. A three-year longitudinal study among engineering students in Norway.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of near-work on development and progression of myopia among adults exposed to high educational demands. METHODS: A three-year longitudinal refraction study was performed among 224 Norwegian engineering students (mean age 20.6 years, 117 females and 107 males) measuring their refraction at the beginning and the end of the period. The examinations included automated and clinical refraction in cycloplegia and a questionnaire regarding time spent on different kinds of near-work was filled in by the participants. A total of 192 students (100 females and 92 males) completed the study. RESULTS: The mean refractive change of -0.51+/-0.49 D (n=192) during the three-year period was statistically significant (p=0.0001). A significant relationship between refractive change towards myopia and time spent on reading scientific literature (p< or =0.001) and on practical near-work (p< or =0.05), respectively, was found. Also, a significant relationship between refractive change towards myopia and time spent at lectures was revealed (p< or =0.001). No relationship was found between refractive change and time spent at working with video display terminals (VDT) or watching television, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that intensive near-work could initiate myopia or lead to its progression in young adults. The time spent on near-work seems to play a significant role in that process.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Refractive changes among Norwegian university students--a three-year longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in refractive error during a three-year period among university students exposed to high educational demands. METHODS: A three-year longitudinal cohort study was performed among 224 Norwegian engineering students (mean age 20.6 years, 117 females and 107 males) measuring their refraction at the beginning and the end of the period. The examinations included automated and clinical refraction in cycloplegia. A total of 192 students (100 females and 92 males) completed the study. RESULTS: In the student population under study the prevalence of myopia increased significantly from 48% to 65% (p<0.001, right eye) and the mean refractive error increased significantly from -0.64+/-2.18 D (n=224) to -1.21+/-2.30 D (n=192) (p<0.001, right eye) during the period. Of eyes emmetropic at the start of the study (n=49, right eye), 59% became myopic. Among the eyes initially myopic (n=92, right eye), 73% progressed further into myopia, with at least -0.37 D during the three-year period. Of eyes initially hyperopic (n=51, right eye), 8% became myopic, while 14% became emmetropic. CONCLUSIONS: A shift in refraction towards myopia is frequent among university students during their study period.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Biometric changes in the eyes of Norwegian university students--a three-year longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in biometric measurements and corresponding refractive errors during a three-year period among university students exposed to high educational demands. METHODS: A three-year longitudinal cohort study was performed among 149 Norwegian engineering students (79 females and 70 males, mean age 20.6+/-1.2 years) measuring their refraction and ocular dimensions at the beginning and at the end of the period. The examinations included refraction, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonographic measurements of the ocular components, all made in cycloplegia. RESULTS: After three years the mean refractive change was -0.52+/-0.45 D (p<0.05), which was accompanied by a change in lens thickness of 0.07+/-0.10 mm (p<0.05), and a vitreous chamber elongation of 0.27+/-0.30 mm (p<0.05). The results refer to the right eye. Stratification of the sample based on their initial refraction (myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes) showed refractive change towards myopia for all subgroups as well as a significant increase in lens thickness and vitreous chamber depth. No significant three-year change in anterior chamber depth or corneal curvature was found in any of the groups. For all groups, vitreous chamber elongation gave a notable dioptric change in myopic direction. CONCLUSIONS: A shift in refraction towards myopia after puberty is accompanied by vitreous chamber elongation which can explain the dioptric change in myopic direction.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Refractive errors among young adults and university students in Norway.

PURPOSE: This study was initiated to compare the refractive state in a population sample to that among university students in Norway and to that among the general population in other Nordic countries. METHODS: A population sample of 112 individuals and 224 engineering students were randomly selected and examined using automated and clinical refraction in cycloplegia. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in prevalences of myopia (population sample: 33%, students: 47%, p: 0.016) and prevalences of hyperopia (population sample: 47%, students: 30%, p: 0.001) between the two groups. The mean refractive error among the population sample was -0.1+/-2.0 D compared to -0.6+/-2.2 D among the students (p=0.0013). CONCLUSIONS: The population sample had a significantly lower prevalence of myopia and a higher prevalence of hyperopia than the student population. The state of refraction in the population sample was found to be in agreement with results reported from other Nordic countries.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Clinical evaluation of the Allergan Humphrey 500 autorefractor and the Nidek AR-1000 autorefractor.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: The intentions of this study were to estimate agreement between two different autorefractors and standard subjective refraction techniques and to evaluate the clinical implications of relying on the autorefractor measurements. METHODS: Subjective refraction was carried out on 448 cycloplegic eyes and compared with cycloplegic readings with the Allergan Humphrey 500 autorefractor (448 eyes) and the Nidek AR-1000 autorefractor (160 eyes). Each refraction was followed by clinical visual acuity measurement. The study population comprised 224 healthy students, 107 men and 117 women, with a mean age of 20.6 (SD 1.1) years. RESULTS: Both the Nidek and Humphrey autorefractors measured more negative or less positive refractive values compared with subjective refraction and these biases were statistically significant (Humphrey right eye -0.23 D, p = 0.0001, left eye -0.20 D, p = 0.0001), (Nidek right eye -0.13 D, p = 0.0001, left eye -0.11 D, p = 0.0002). Comparing the results of autorefraction with subjective refraction, the Nidek was better than the Humphrey autorefractor in several ways: a smaller mean difference, better agreement between spherical equivalent values, narrower limits of agreements, and better visual acuity obtained with the autorefraction. On the other hand, the Humphrey autorefractor agreed better with subjective refraction concerning cylinder axis. CONCLUSION: The results show that both autorefractors represent a valuable complement to subjective refraction, but cannot be used as a replacement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Refractive errors among engineering students in Norway.

This study reveals the prevalence of refractive errors in a group of young adults (mean age 20.6 years) exposed to high educational demands, including much reading. In all, 224 (117 females, 107 males) first-year engineering students were subjectively refracted. A prevalence of myopia of 46.9% (right eye), 49.1% (left eye) and 42.9% (both eyes), and a prevalence of hyperopia of 29.5% (right eye), 28.1% (left eye) and 23.2% (both eyes) was detected. The mean refractive error in the whole group was -0.6 +/- 2.2 D (right eye), -0.7 +/- 2.4 D (left eye) and -0.7 +/- 2.3 D (both eyes). As many as 56.4% (n = 57) of the myopic students had either no corrective lenses (11.9%, n = 12) or had their first corrective lenses prescribed at the age of 16 years or later (44.6%, n = 45). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of myopia between female and male students. No significant difference regarding body height was found among men in the different groups of refractive errors, but a significant difference was detected among women. We found no statistically significant relationship between intraocular pressure and any refractive error among men or women.

Adult↗