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Biomedical subjects

B Klinge

Publications and source records attributed to B Klinge.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Oral health and cardiovascular disease in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relation between dental health and cardiovascular disease in an adult Swedish population. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to 4811 randomly selected Swedes. It contained 52 questions about dental care habits, oral health, cardiovascular disease and their socio-economic situation. Odd ratios for all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the subgroup myocardial infarction, stroke and high blood pressure were calculated with a logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, smoking, income, civil status and education. These ratios were calculated for subjects > or =41 years since few people suffer from CVD before this. RESULTS: The national questionnaire was answered by 2839 (59%) people between 20-84 years of age and, of them, 1577 were 41 years of age or more. We found a significant association between self-reported bleeding gums (odds ratio 1.60, p=0.0017), presence of dentures (odds ratio 1.57, p=0.0076) and known CVD, which has also been reported in international studies. However, no association between loose teeth, deep pockets and known CVD was detected. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that oral health and, especially gingival inflammation is associated with CVD.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Quantitative assessment of apoptotic and proliferative gingival keratinocytes in oral and sulcular epithelium in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is caused by a chronic infection inducing an inflammatory reaction that leads to a breakdown of tooth-supporting tissue. The maintenance of an equilibrium between the host defence and microorganisms in the sulcus is essential to preserve health. All multicellular organisms have mechanisms for killing their own cells, and use physiological cell death for defence, development, homeostasis and ageing. Apoptosis and proliferation are very important phenomena in regulating this and a disturbance is often associated with disease e.g. cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the number of apoptotic and proliferative gingival keratinocytes differed between patients with gingivitis and those with periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The distribution of neutrophil elastase, PCNA/cyclin, DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) and p53 was determined with immunocytochemical techniques. We used paraffin-embedded sections from gingival biopsies and did quantitative analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: These showed that 5-12% of the keratinocytes in the basal layers of the epithelium proliferated in the two groups. Fewer apoptotic cells were seen in the oral epithelium than in the sulcus in all subjects in both groups. Only in the most apical part of the sulcus, close to the junctional epithelium, did the number of apoptotic keratinocytes exceed the proliferative ones in patients with periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Long-term evaluation of osseointegrated dental implants in the treatment of partly edentulous patients.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and microbiological status of implants after 10 years of functional load in patients treated for partial edentulism. METHOD: 15 patients, each successfully treated with 2-6 implants ad modum Brånemark placed in free-standing fixed prostheses, were included in the study. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation revealed similar degrees of inflammation around teeth and implants. The probing pocket depth (PPD) was significantly greater around implants than around teeth. The mean marginal bone loss during 10 years of functional load was comparable to that found at the time of the 5-year follow-up. 74% of the implants remained free of marginal bone loss exceeding 1 mm. Marginal bone loss exceeding 2 mm, was found at only 5 sites. No marked differences in bacteria were present between teeth and implants. T. denticola, S. intermedia and P. micros were the commonest organisms detected around teeth and implants. The periodontal pathogens A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, B. forsythus, and T. denticola, were found at implants with a marginal bone loss of more than 2 mm. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the long-term results with implants in partially dentate patients are similar to those seen in edentulous patients and that no significant change occurred after 5-year follow-up over an additional period of 5 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Immunolocalization of interleukin-8 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gingival keratinocytes in patients with periodontitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between local expression of IL-8 and the localization of neutrophilic granulocytes, using CD16 as a marker of neutrophils. We also investigated the correlation between IL-8 and epithelial proliferation using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker of proliferation. The distribution of IL-8, CD16 and PCNA/cyclin was determined by immunocytochemical techniques. We used cryostat-cut sections from gingival biopsies harvested from 5 subjects with and 5 subjects without periodontitis. Our histological examination demonstrated that the localization of neutrophilic granulocytes in gingival tissue from patients with periodontitis did not correlate with the expression of IL-8. In all tissue sections from patients and controls, the inflammatory cells accumulated near the pocket epithelium and only a few leukocytes deviated from this pattern. In the patient group, keratinocytes not belonging to the pocket or junctional epithelium expressed IL-8 without any evidence of a chemoattractant effect on neutrophils. The marker of proliferation, PCNA/cyclin, was expressed in keratinocytes in the basal cell layer. The expression was less pronounced in the control group. Our finding that IL-8 was expressed in proliferating cells suggests that IL-8 may have a role in keratinocyte proliferation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Factors affecting late fixture loss and marginal bone loss around teeth and dental implants.

BACKGROUND: The predictability and high success rate of implant treatment have averted attention from factors affecting fixture loss and bone loss around implants. PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate late fixture loss and marginal bone loss around implants that have been in function for 5 years and to relate these findings to bone loss in the natural dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-three consecutively treated patients who had received an implant-anchored fixed prosthesis and completed a 5-year follow-up were selected. Intraoral and panoramic radiographs were used to assess bone loss. RESULTS: The bone loss was greater around remaining implants in patients who had lost implants after loading. No correlation was found between bone loss around implants and that around teeth. Only 2% of the fixtures were lost during 5 years of functional load. Most fixtures losses occurred in the edentulous maxilla. Seven of the nine patients who lost fixtures were smokers. CONCLUSION: These findings show that patients who lost implants also lost more bone around the remaining implants. There was no correlation between bone loss around implants and that around teeth, indicating that different interacting mechanisms are involved.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Augmented levels of macrophage and Th1 cell-related cytokine mRNA in submandibular glands of MRL/lpr mice with autoimmune sialoadenitis.

MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop destructive inflammation of the salivary and lachrymal glands resembling Sjögren's syndrome (SS), representing an animal model to study this disease. We used in situ hybridization with synthetic radiolabelled oligonucleotide probes to examine expression of mRNA encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in submandibular glands of 2, 3, 4 and 5-month-old MRL/lpr mice. Phenotypic composition of submandibular gland infiltrates was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Cells expressing tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-12 mRNA were strongly up-regulated at about the time of onset of sialoadenitis, suggesting a role of these cytokines in development of the disease. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and cytolysin mRNA-expressing cells were gradually up-regulated over the disease course up to 5 months of age, the time when sialoadenitis is at its height, favouring a role of these cytokines in progression of the disease as well. Low levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA-expressing cells were observed at 2, 3 and 4 months of age, and were almost undetectable at 5 months. Maximum levels of CD4+, CD8+ and interdigitating/dendritic cells, as well as of MHC class II and MHC class I expression were seen at 3 months, with CD4+ outnumbering CD8+ cells. Maximum levels of macrophages were seen at 4 months of age. These data argue for a major role of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL- 12, IFN-gamma and cytolysin in initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune sialoadenitis in MRL/lpr mice, probably in conjunction with an insufficiency of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta and IL-10.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Coordinate up-regulation of the beta-chemokine subfamily in autoimmune sialoadenitis of MRL/lpr mice.

Mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands is a major feature in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and its animal model, murine autoimmune sialoadenitis (MAS). To investigate factors that influence selective infiltration by MNC of submandibular glands in young and adult MRL/lpr mice with MAS, expression of mRNA encoding the beta-chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) was investigated by in situ hybridization. MCP-1 protein production was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Young mice with MAS showed an early up-regulation of mRNA expression for MCP-1, MIP-1beta and RANTES, while MIP-1alpha mRNA expression was not affected. Adult mice with MAS showed a further up-regulation of mRNA expression for MCP-1, MIP-1beta and RANTES, and a remarkably strong up-regulation for MIP-1alpha. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MCP-1 protein production paralleled MCP-1 mRNA expression in both young and adult mice. These observations implicate MCP-1, MIP-1beta and RANTES as potential chemokines in induction of MAS, and MCP-1, MIP-1beta, RANTES and prominently MIP-1alpha in progression and perturbation of MAS.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The IBP genes of maize are expressed in non-meristematic, elongating cells of the seedling and in abortive floral organs.

The transcription start site of the maize Shrunken-1 (Sh-1) gene is sufficient for transcriptional initiation in the absence of other promoter elements and is recognized in vitro by the Initiator Binding Protein (IBP). We describe here in situ hybridization experiments performed on various maize tissues to quantify IBP transcription at the cellular level. IBP transcripts are found in the endosperm and in differentiating, enlarging cells of the shoot and the root of the maize seedling. This expression pattern overlaps with that of the Sh-1 gene and is therefore compatible with the hypothesis that the Sh-1 transcription start site is a target for IBP. In the developing spikelets of male and female inflorescences IBP transcript levels are very high in those organs that are later aborted when flowers become unisexual. Overexpression of the maize IBP1 gene product in transgenic tobacco causes a reduction in internodal elongation and effects gibberellin hormonal balance. The cellular expression pattern described here establishes IBP transcripts as an interesting molecular marker for enlarging, and presumably differentiating, cells released from the root or shoot apex.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1997

The mini bottle brush--a new fastening device in cancellous bone.

A new design for bone implants, the bottle brush, was recently presented in a pilot study on marrow cavities in the femur of rabbits. In this study, the concept is further evaluated on a mini bottle brush. The fixture, 5 x 7 mm, with an implant shaft made of CP-titanium and bristles of nylon coated with sputtered titanium, was inserted into the cancellous bone of the medial femoral condyle in 15 adult rabbits. The titanium fixture was compared with a similar brush without the titanium sputtered surface. The animals were sacrificed after 4 months and the quantity and quality of bone integration were evaluated with pull-out tests and histological examination. In both parameters, the values were significantly higher for the titanium-sputtered brushes, with removal forces similar to titanium cylinders of the same size and with a bone-to-metal contact area of about 50%.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density in the mandible.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the possible correlation between trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density in the mandible. METHODS: Bone mineral density of the trabecular bone was obtained by quantitative computed tomography of 22 edentulous anterior and posterior sections of nine mandibles obtained at autopsy. A computer-based image analysis system was used for morphometric measurements to derive trabecular bone volume from contact radiographs. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density. The trabecular bone volume varied significantly between and within mandibles. CONCLUSION: The high correlation between trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density means that the use of quantitative computed tomography prior to implant treatment is a valid procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

ZmHox: a novel class of maize homeobox genes.

Clones of two highly related genes, ZmHox2a and ZmHox2b (Zea mays homeobox), were isolated from maize embryo cDNA libraries by screening with the ZmHox1a homeobox sequence. The genes map to chromosomes 3 and 8, respectively, and encode mRNA transcripts of 6kb. The encoded proteins, ZmHox2a and b, share 84% sequence identity and exhibit a modular structure with several novel plant-specific protein domains. Interestingly, each ZmHox2a, gene product contains two complete homeodomains which, for Zmhox2a, were both shown to be functional DNA-binding motifs in vitro. Not only probes encoding the homeobox but also DNA fragments corresponding to other ZmHox2 domains hybridize to multiple bands in genomic Southern blots, indicating that related protein domains may be conserved in other maize genes. The ZmHox2a/b genes, therefore, are members of a novel and large class of maize genes, some of which can be expected to encode new transcription factors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Effects of buccal shields on the maxillary dentoalveolar structures and the midpalatal suture--histologic and biometric studies in rabbits.

The mechanism of the buccal shields with regard to regulating the transversal relationship of the maxillary dental arch is uncertain. The periosteal pull theory, growth at the midpalatal suture and changes in equilibrium have all been proposed as explanatory factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the transversal development of the dental arch and the osseous remodeling at the lateral surfaces of the maxillary alveolar process and in the midpalatal suture after stretching the bucca (cheek) with buccal shields in the vestibulum. Ten New Zealand white male rabbits 12 weeks old were used. The animals were divided into two groups (control and experimental). Initial and final impression had been taken from the two groups and plaster models were made using biometric analysis in all animals of each group. Transversal measurements were taken of the distances between the maxillary right and left teeth. Tetracycline hydrochloride and Alizarin complexone were used to label the mineralizing tissues. After the animals had been killed, the biopsies from the midpalatal suture, the alveolar wall, and the periosteum were studied under a microscope. The results from the biometric analysis showed maxillary dental arch expansion in the two groups that was significantly larger in the experimental group. Microscopically, the growth at the midpalatal suture was also significantly larger in the experimental group, while no significant differences were found at the maxillary alveolar bone in the two groups. The conclusions drawn from this study are that the vestibular buccal shields bring about an increased expansion of the maxillary dental arch and increased growth at the midpalatal suture. No increased bone deposition was found at the buccal dentoalveolar wall, inducing doubts as to the accuracy of the periosteal pull theory for widening of the dental arch.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1996

Radiographical and histological characteristics of submerged and nonsubmerged titanium implants. An experimental study in the Labrador dog.

Using 5 Labrador dogs, certain characteristics of the peri-implant tissues were analyzed after a 1-step surgical procedure for installation of Brånemark implants. Six titanium implants, in each mandibular quadrant, were installed in the regions of the right and left first molars and the fourth and third premolars. In the right mandibular quadrant, a traditional 2-step procedure was employed, whilst in the left quadrant, a 1-step procedure was carried out. The animals were monitored during a 6-month period. Biopsies of the healed peri-implant mucosa showed signs of superficial inflammation. The histological analysis revealed that i) the connective tissue lateral to the junctional epithelium showed limited accumulations of inflammatory cells (PICT), and ii) that at implant sites that had been exposed to the oral cavity for 6 months (1-step implants), an inflammatory cell infiltrate (abutment ICT) consistently was present in the tissues facing the abutment-fixture junction (AFJ). This infiltrate was separated from the bone crest by a 0.8-mm-wide zone of normal connective tissue. Irrespective of the surgical procedure applied, the radiographic and histometric measurements disclosed that i) the crestal bone loss was about 2.4 mm, ii) the height of the peri-implant mucosa varied from 3.5 mm to 3.9 mm, iii) the bone crest was located 1.1-1.5 mm apical of AFJ as well as of the apical termination of the junctional epithelium (aJE), and iv) a junctional epithelium of 2.1-2.4 mm faced the implant surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that, using a dog model, titanium dental implants ad modum Brånemark installed according to a 1-step or to a 2-step surgical procedure will obtain similar soft tissue adaptation and proper bone anchorage (osseointegration). Further studies are, however, required to ascertain the long-term clinical feasibility of the 1-step approach.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1996

The biocompatibility (cell culture and histologic study) of hydroxy-apatite-coated implants created by ion beam dynamic mixing.

Titanium implants were coated with hydroxyapatite by using a method of ion beam dynamic mixing. Coated and noncoated plates of titanium were placed in a growth medium with fibroblast cells. Implant screws, coated and noncoated, were inserted in rabbit bones and the animals were euthanized after 7, 27, and 122 days, respectively. The results from the cell culture test showed no visible difference between the specimens. Histologic examination of implant specimens indicated more new bone activity against coated screws at 27 days, and that was more pronounced at 127 days. Although the amount of new bone formation was not significantly different, certain signs of favourable new bone formation could be seen in contact with coated implants compared to the noncoated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Ectopic expression of the maize homeobox genes ZmHox1a or ZmHox1b causes pleiotropic alterations in the vegetative and floral development of transgenic tobacco.

The ZmHox1a and ZmHox1b (for Zea mays homeobox) genes map on chromosomes 8 and 6, respectively. Both homeobox genes encode proteins that show 91% similarity and are transcribed simultaneously in meristematic and proliferating cells of the maize plant. To gain insight into the biological function of these genes, both open reading frames were expressed in tobacco, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The resulting transgenic ZmHox1a or ZmHox1b plants showed identical phenotypic alterations that fall into three classes: size reduction, formation of adventitious shoots, and homeotic floral transformations. Approximately 30% of the ZmHox1-expressing plants grew to only one-third of the wild-type size, and most axillary buds gave rise to lateral shoots. Flower abnormalities included formation of petaloid stamens and development of secondary flowers within the primary gynoecium. Therefore, the ectopic expression of the maize ZmHox1 homeobox gene products affects the vegetative as well as the reproductive phase of tobacco plants. All phenotypic alterations were transmitted to the next generation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

The effect of cyclosporin-A on the oral microflora at gingival sulcus of the ferret.

The effect of cyclosporin-A (CyA) on the dentogingival flora of ferrets with healthy and experimentally induced periodontal breakdown was studied. Five animals were given 10 mg/kg/d CyA. At the start of the experiments (day 0), ligatures were placed around 4 teeth in the right upper and lower jaws; corresponding contralateral teeth on the left side served as control. On days 0 and 28 (end of the experiment), microbiological samples were collected from the gingival sulcus of the experimental and the control teeth and from closely located gingival mucosa membrane. The samples were subjected to viable counts and to darkfield microscopic analyses. On day 0, facultative anaerobic rods, mainly Pasteurella spp, Alcaligenes spp, Corynebacterium spp. and Rothia spp dominated in the viable counts. No anaerobic bacteria were detected in the viable counts. On day 28 spirochetes increased in the experimental gingival sulcus samples and anaerobic bacteria appeared in most of the samples and constituted 40-60% of the total cultivable flora; Fusobacterium necrophorum and Eubacterium spp. predominated in the samples from the experimental sites. The results of the present study were compared with those of our previous investigation of ferrets not medicated with cyclosporin but also subject to experimental ligature periodontitis. Eubacterium spp. were absent in the animals not treated with cyclosporin, while this species was frequently present in the immunosuppressed ferrets. The results indicate that the presence of the large numbers of gram negative rods and of anaerobic bacteria may have enhanced the inflammatory process and further provoked the gingival overgrowth observed.

Actinomycetaceae↗