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Biomedical subjects

B Krølner

Publications and source records attributed to B Krølner.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Seasonal variation of lumbar spine bone mineral content in normal women.

The seasonal influence on lumbar spine bone mineral was evaluated in a prospective study of 26 normal women aged 19-66 years. Bone mineral content of the second, third, and fourth lumbar vertebrae (lumbar BMC) was determined every 3 months during 1 year by using dual-photon (153Gd) absorptiometry. Lumbar BMC was, on an average (mean +/- SE), 0.86 +/- 0.27 arbitrary units or 1.7 +/- 0.5% higher in July to September than in January to March (P less than 0.005), when other sources of variation were eliminated. It is hypothesized that the seasonal variation in lumbar spine bone mineral reflects differences of the mechanical loading on the vertebrae. The interpretation of longitudinal studies of lumbar BMC may be erroneous if the seasonal variations in bone mineral are not considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Vertebral bone loss: an unheeded side effect of therapeutic bed rest.

1. The skeletal effects of simple bed rest and re-ambulation were studied in a consecutive series of 34 patients (aged 18-60 years) hospitalized with low backache due to protrusion of a lumbar intervertebral disc. The bone mineral content of the second, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was determined by dual-photon (153Gd) absorptiometry immediately after admission to the hospital, at the end of the bed-rest period (mean 27 days, range 11-61 days) and approximately 15 weeks later (range 11-24 weeks). 2. During recumbency a mean decrease in lumbar spine bone mineral content of 0.9% per week was observed. 3. Re-ambulation resulted in bone mineral gain, and restoration of lumbar spine bone mineral content was nearly complete after 4 months. 4. The findings suggest that the simple therapeutic bed-rest regimen leads to excessive vertebral bone loss. Recurrent bed-rest periods may predispose to spinal osteoporosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Physical exercise as prophylaxis against involutional vertebral bone loss: a controlled trial.

1. The skeletal effects of physical training were studied in a controlled trial involving 31 healthy women (aged 50-73 years) with previous Colles' fracture of the forearm. The bone mineral content of the lumbar spine and both distal forearms was measured by dual-photon (153Gd) absorptiometry. 2. The participants were allocated to either a physical exercise group or a control group. The former group followed a standardized exercise programme, exercising for 1 h twice weekly during 8 months. 3. Twenty-seven women completed the study. Lumbar spine bone mineral content of the exercise group increased by 3.5%, whereas that of the control group decreased by 2.7%. The rate of bone loss in the control group equalled that of age-matched normal women. 4. The changes in forearm bone mineral content appeared to be independent of the exercise. The bone mineral content of the previously fractured forearm remained nearly unchanged. The bone mineral content of the uninjured forearm decreased on average by 3.5%. 5. The data suggest that physical exercise can inhibit or reverse the involutional bone loss from the lumbar vertebrae in normal women. Physical exercise may prevent spinal osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Spinal bone mineral content in myxoedema and thyrotoxicosis. Effects of thyroid hormone(s) and antithyroid treatment.

The effects of thyroid hormones and antithyroid treatment upon lumbar spine bone mineral content (lumbar BMC) were studied in a consecutive series of patients with myxoedema and thyrotoxicosis, respectively. All patients were investigated in the untreated state and 3-monthly during appropriate treatment for 1 year by using dual-photon [153Gd] absorptiometry. Patients with myxoedema (n = 8) did not differ from normal individuals as regards initial lumbar BMC, but levothyroxine-treatment caused significant reduction in this variable. The median decrease in lumbar BMC after 1 year was 8.9% (95% confidence limits 1.5-15.4%, P less than 0.05). This loss of bone might be attributed to an inappropriate increase in bone turnover in the euthyroid state. It is as yet uncertain whether it predisposes to spinal osteopenia. Median lumbar BMC in patients with thyrotoxicosis (n = 25) was 12.6% (2.0-16.6%, P less than 0.05) lower than that of normal individuals before the beginning of treatment. Lumbar BMC increased during antithyroid therapy. The median gain in bone mineral after 1 year was 3.7% (1.6-9.6%, P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that excess of thyroid hormones leads to negative spinal bone mineral balance. The revealed bone loss was clinically insignificant, however, and it appeared to be at least partially reversible after antithyroid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in normal and osteoporotic women: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

1. Bone mineral content of the second, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was determined in normal women and women with clinical osteoporosis by using dual-photon (153Gd) absorption. 2. A cross-sectional study of 70 normal (aged 19-88 years) showed a bone loss of 44% from the age of around 34 years throughout life. 3. Longitudinal data from 59 normal women confirmed that the vertebral bone loss started before the menopause. An accelerated bone loss amounting to nearly 6% per year was seen immediately after the menopause. The bone loss of older women was slower. 4. Mean lumbar bone mineral content of 36 women (aged 48-93 years) with recent fractures of their femoral neck after minor trauma equalled that of aged-matched normal women. Lumbar bone mineral content of the women with intratrochanteric femoral neck fractures was lower than that of the women with medial femoral neck fractures. 5. Mean lumbar bone mineral content of 72 women (aged 58-59 years) with primary osteoporosis was 41% lower than that of normal premenopausal women and 18% lower than that of age-matched controls. A weak inverse relationship between lumbar bone mineral content and the number of compression fractures was found. A weak inverse relationship between lumbar bone mineral content and the number of compression fractures was found. 6. Women with lumbar bone mineral content values below the 95% confidence limits for normal premenopausal women are at risk of future vertebral compression fractures, the fracture risk being inversely related to lumbar bone mineral content.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Osteoporosis and normality: how to express the bone mineral content of lumbar vertebrae.

Bone mineral content of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lumbar vertebrae (lumbar BMC) was measured in 70 normal women (aged 19-88 years) and 72 post-menopausal women (aged 58-89 years) with primary osteoporosis using dual-photon (153Gd) absorptiometry. The inter-individual variation of lumbar BMC was 26.7% in normal women. This figure could be reduced to 13.9%, if lumbar BMC was normalized to age (or years after the menopause), body height, body weight, and vertebral size according to multiple regression analysis. The reduction thus obtained of the inter-individual variation in normal post-menopausal women was statistically insignificant, however, and it appeared that other variables were of importance as the lumbar BMC of older women. Mean lumbar BMC of the osteoporotic women was 41% lower than that of normal pre-menopausal women. The separation between normal and osteoporotic individuals became less clear, if lumbar BMC was normalized as mentioned. The data suggest that spinal osteoporosis is predominantly a condition of normal small old women with diminutive vertebrae and early menopause. It is recommended that lumbar BMC is expressed as the total mineral mass of the bones measured, the normal range being BMC of health pre-menopausal women. Normalization to age, body height, body weight, and vertebral size seems rather speculative.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Bone mass of the axial and the appendicular skeleton in women with Colles' fracture: its relation to physical activity.

The aim of this investigation was to elucidate whether Colles' fractures in middle-aged women were indicative of generalized bone loss (osteopenia) and whether bone mass of the axial and the appendicular skeleton was related to the extent of daily physical activity. Thirty-six patients (aged 50-73 years) with previous Colles' fracture were studied. The median time elapse after the injury was 18 months (range 9-20.5 months). Bone mineral content of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lumbar vertebrae (lumbar BMC) and both distal forearms (forearm BMC) were determined to dual-photon (153Gd) absorptiometry. The physical activity level was graded according to a standard interview and a bicycle ergometer test. Mean lumbar BMC was reduced by 9% compared to age-matched normal women (p less than 0.05), mean forearm BMC was reduced by 5% (NS). Twenty patients showed spinal osteopenia by either conventional radiography or absorptiometry (95% confidence limits 38-72%). The fracture-related bone loss from the forearms was most prominent when the fracture had occurred in the dominant forearm, suggesting that the loss of 'dominant' forearm activity per se results in bone loss. No relation between working capacity and forearm BMC was found. However, the working capacity was positively related to lumbar BMC (P less than 0.01), even if the common relationship to age was eliminated (P less than 0.05). The data suggest that the bone mass of the axial skeleton reflects the extent of daily physical activity. Patients with Colles' fractures represent an easily definable population which might benefit from prophylactic measures against vertebral bone loss and compression fractures. One of these could be physical exercise.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of vertebral osteopenia. Comparison of spinal radiography and dual-photon absorptiometry.

A comparison of radiographic morphology and dual-photon (153Gd) absorptiometry was carried out in 132 women. Films of the lumbar spine were graded for osteopenia, spondylosis, and calcification of the abdominal aorta according to definite morphologic criteria. The radiographic grade of osteopenia and the bone mineral content of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lumbar vertebrae showed a highly significant inverse correlation. However, the mineral content at each radiographic grade of osteopenia differed considerably. Disproportionately high levels occurred in patients with spondylosis and severe calcification of the abdominal aorta. Spinal radiography and dual-photon absorptiometry must be regarded as complementary rather than alternative diagnostic procedures in clinical practice.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1980

Measurement of bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine, I. Theory and application of a new two-dimensional dual-photon attenuation method.

A new scanning dual-photon attenuation method utilizing a 153Gadolinium point source has been evaluated. The method allows precise in vivo determination of the bone mineral content of the lumbar spine (lumbar BMC). Lumbar BMC is expressed as the sum of the scan integrals of the second, third, and fourth lumbar vertebrae. The influence of crush fractures and varying amounts of soft tissue and fat is negligible. The coefficient of variation of repeated measurements ranges from 1.4% in normal pre-menopausal women to 2.6% in post-menopausal women with clinical osteoporosis. The radiation dose is low. The method is suited for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of patients with lumbar osteopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Measurement of bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine, II. correlation between forearm BMC and lumbar spine BMC.

A comparison between forearm bone mineral content (BMC) and lumbar BMC was made in post-menopausal women. Women without symptoms, women with clinical spinal osteoporosis, and women with prednisone-treated rheumatoid arthritis were studied. A conventional two-dimensional single-photon osteodensitometer was used for measurement of forearm BMC. A new two-dimensional dual-photon osteodensitometer was used for measurement of lumbar BMC. Its radioactive source was 153Gadolinium. The mean lumbar BMC was significantly reduced in women with clinical spinal osteoporosis (P < 0.001). The mean forearm of BMC of those patients was normal. Thus, forearm BMC was a poor indicator of spinal osteopenia. If forearm BMC was used to predict lumbar BMC erroneously high results were obtained in women with clinical spinal osteoporosis, and erroneously low values were obtained in prednisone-treated women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone in patients with chronic renal disease.

Androgen metabolism has been studied in 33 patients (17 males, 16 females) with chronic renal disease not undergoing dialysis treatment. The mean value of serum testosterone was reduced in both sexes, whereas that of serum leteinizing hormone (LH) was elevated in the males. The parameters became increasingly pathological with decreasing renal function. There was no correlation between serum testosterone and serum LH, indicating an inadequate hypothalamic-pituitary response to the testicular dysfunction. The clinical significance of this relative hypoandrogenaemia is obscure. A possible relation to the anaemia and bone disease of chronic renal failure is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Corticosterone secreting adrenal carcinoma and empty sella turcica: a case report.

Pituitary adenoma was suspected in a woman of 74 with hypercorticism,hypokalaemic alkalosis and radiographically enlarged sella turcica. However, non-suppressibility of steroid excretion by high-dose dexamethasone and low plasma concentration of ACTH suggested adrenal tumour. Detailed analysis of urinary steroid excretions demonstrated unusually large amounts of corticosterone metabolites, 14.6 mg/24 h compared to a mean normal value of 0.5 mg. The basal levels of the remaining pituitary hormones were unremarkable. The patient died incidentally before a planned adrenalectomy. The autopsy disclosed an adrenal carcinoma and an empty sella turcica. The enlarged pituitary fossa was lined by a narrow rim of histological normal pituitary tissue.

17-Ketosteroids↗