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B Krag-Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to B Krag-Olsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Perinatal risk factors of adverse outcome in very preterm children: a role of initial treatment of respiratory insufficiency?

AIM: To investigate risk factors of adverse outcome in a cohort of very preterm children treated mainly with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the neonatal course. METHODS: In Denmark, preterm children are treated with nasal CPAP as a first approach to respiratory support. A national prospective study of all infants with a birthweight below 1000 g or a gestational age below 28 wk born in 1994-1995 was initiated to evaluate this approach. Of the 269 surviving children 164 (61%) were not treated with mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period. A follow-up of the children at 5 y of age was conducted. Data from the neonatal period and the 5-y follow-up were analysed. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses including 250 children, a severely abnormal neonatal brain ultrasound scan was predictive of cerebral palsy (OR = 19.9, CI 95%: 6.1-64.8) and intellectual disability (OR = 6.2, CI 95%: 2.3-16.5). A high Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score (OR = 2.4, CI 95%: 1.1-5.5) and chronic lung disease (OR = 2.8, CI 95%: 1.2-6.9) were predictive of intellectual disability. In univariate analyses mechanical ventilation was associated with cerebral palsy (OR=4.3, CI 95%: 1.7-10.8) and intellectual disability (OR = 2.2, CI 95%: 1.2-4.2), but the associations became insignificant in multivariate analyses including chronic lung disease and a severely abnormal ultrasound scan. CONCLUSION: The associations between neonatal risk factors and adverse outcome in our cohort were very similar to those found in other cohorts with another initial treatment of respiratory insufficiency. We found no significant adverse effects of mechanical ventilation beyond what could be explained by associations with chronic lung disease and IVH 3-4/PVL.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed2003

A novel mutation in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene causing myoclonus-dystonia syndrome.

Two families were referred with different clinical diagnoses of dystonia. Twenty-four family members were examined clinically, and mutation analyses were performed. Most of the affected individuals had laryngeal myoclonus and more severe dystonia of the legs than usually reported in myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. Sequence analyses revealed a previously unreported deletion (974delC or R325X) in exon 7 in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene in members of both families. The two families were found to be related.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of cardiovascular malformations and association with karyotypes in Turner's syndrome.

The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of cardiovascular malformations in females with Turner's syndrome and analyse possible associations with the various karyotypes. One hundred and seventy nine of 393 females who had Turner's syndrome diagnosed in Denmark were examined. Complete chromosome analysis was available in all cases. Clinical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography including Doppler were performed. The distribution of the various karyotypes was 45,X, 58%; mosaic monosomy X, 35%; and structural abnormalities of the X chromosome, 7%. In 46 (26%) of the females a total of 69 cardiovascular malformations were found; aortic valve abnormality (18%) and aortic coarctation (10%) being the most common. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of cardiovascular malformations between 45,X and mosaic monosomy X (38% v 11%), primarily due to a significant difference in the prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities and aortic coarctation. Pulmonary valve abnormalities were seen only in females with mosaic monosomy X but the prevalence was low (3%). No patient with structural abnormalities of the X chromosome had cardiovascular malformations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Tuberous sclerosis].

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a congenital disease with hamarthromata, localized in particular to the central nervous system and skin. Other organs such as the heart, kidneys and eyes are, however, frequently involved. The disease is much more common than originally assumed. The most recent investigations show a prevalence of 1:9,704. TS is a dominant hereditary disease but with varying penetration. The frequency of mutation is probably less than previously assumed. The gene for TS is localized to the long arm of chromosome 9 (q34). Prenatal diagnosis is not yet possible. The symptoms and the course of condition depend upon the organ system involved, the age of the patient and of the varying penetration. All patients with TS must be examined with Wood's lamp, and be submitted to sonography of the kidneys, echocardiography, ophthalmic examination and computed tomography of the cerebrum. Treatment is purely symptomatic but surgical intervention may be considered. The present authors recommend that all patients with TS are submitted to the abovementioned examinations once annually with the exception of computed tomography of cerebrum which is undertaken if cerebral involvement is suspected.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

[The relation of birth weight and gestational age in a group of infants in Jutland with special reference to diagnosing infants with intrauterine growth retardation].

The relationship between birthweight (BW) and gestational age (GA) in 14,276 Danish children with GA of 35 to 42 completed weeks was illustrated employing 10%, 50% and 90% percentile curves. The curves were sex-specific. The number of light for dates (LFD) children defined by means of the 10% percentile (BW below 10th percentile) was 1,351 compared to 848 children when using the curve currently employed. The latter curve was based upon foreign children and moreover was not sex-specific. It is concluded that sex-specific and updated curves representing the population studied are mandatory in the diagnosis of LFD-children.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1989

[The course of delivery in a group a low-risk primipara women].

The course of delivery in 1,545 primiparae who were considered to be in the low-risk group at the commencement of labour as assessed by the previous directives issued by the Danish Ministry of Health (1976) were reviewed. 2/3 were delivered normally as episiotomy was not regarded as a complication. 1/3 had complicated deliveries. In 350, the contractions were abnormal and intervention was required. 1/3 of these were delivered instrumentally. Haemorrhage of more than 500 ml, intrauterine asphyxia and Apgar score less than or equal to 7 at 1 minute occurred frequently in this group. A total of 1,195 did not receive treatment to improve contractions and, in this group, instrumental delivery was undertaken in 10%. Following normal labour pains and spontaneous delivery, complications in the third stage were observed in 77 out of 1,075 patients, including haemorrhage of more than 500 ml in 38 patients. Six infants in this group had Apgar scores less than or equal to 7 at 5 minutes. In the group with abnormal contractions and/or instrumental delivery, haemorrhage of more than 500 ml, retention of the placenta and signs of perinatal asphyxia occurred, however, significantly more frequently. The authors consider that home deliveries in primiparae cannot be recommended. Primiparae should be advised to be delivered in hospital as it is not always possible to predict complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Breech presentation deliveries].

A total of 5,519 consecutive single deliveries at term were analysed for maternal and foetal factors associated with breech presentation (UK). The protocol in this department for breech deliveries which permits vaginal delivery of foetuses estimated to be between 2,400 and 3,800 g in cases where the pelvis was considered to be clinically normal, was also evaluated. Breech presentation was found in 173 cases. In 102 of these circumstances were present which permitted trial of vaginal delivery. Seventy-seven were delivered vaginally. An increased frequency of low Apgar scores (less than 8) after one minute was demonstrated among infants delivered vaginally in the breech presentation on comparison with infants delivered by Caesarean section, whereas low scoring after five minutes occurred with the same frequency. One infant died during delivery. Follow-up of infants delivered in breech presentation (mean period of observation two years) showed developmental disturbances in three of the vaginally delivered infants and in five of those delivered abdominally. Two of the infants delivered abdominally had severe cerebral paresis and psychomotor retardation without evidence of intrauterine or severe neonatal asphyxia. On comparison with the population delivered in cephalic presentation (HST), significantly increased frequencies of primiparity and light-for-dates infants were found in the breech presentations. Low Apgar score after one minute was significantly more frequent in breech presentations while low Apgar scoring after five minutes occurred with the same frequency. The perinatal mortality rates in breech and cephalic presentations were 17.3 and 4.7 per 1,000 respectively. Following correction for lethal malformations, the rates were 5.8 and 3.8 per 1,000, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1987

Short stature in Scandinavian women. An obstetrical risk factor.

We have carried out a case-controlled study on relations between short stature (i.e. less than 156 cm tall) and problems with childbirth in Danish women. Data obtained from 182 pregnant, short women (short mothers) were compared with those obtained from a control group of 2116 pregnant women who were between 166 and 175 cm tall (control mothers). The prevalence rate for acute cesarean section was three-fold greater in short mothers than in controls, and the prevalence rate for elective cesarean section was twice as high in short mothers as in controls. Moreover, the prevalence rates of intra-uterine asphyxia, intra-uterine growth retardation and low Apgar scores were higher in babies of short mothers than in those of control mothers, despite the increased level of obstetric intervention in the former group. Since the findings show that short stature in pregnant women is an obstetrical risk factor, we recommend that it should be given attention in order to detect early signs of intra-uterine asphyxia and to apply the best form of active management of labor if necessary.

Body Height↗
PubMed1984

The impact of large Y chromosome on pregnancy, foetus and birth.

In a current investigation of children born in the Arhus area (Denmark) chromosome examinations were made in 6,691 newborns. Of these children, 170 boys had a large Y chromosome (2.6%). The present material was examined using a bi-variate stratified analysis to eliminate social and simple biological factors that could act as confounders. No increased frequency of malformations was found, and birth weight and length was nearly equal in the probands and the controls. A significantly increased frequency of prostaglandin stimulation of labour was found for the mothers of the Yq+ boys. Differences in the frequency of mechanical disproportion or abnormal presentation could not explain this. The Yq+ boys suffered more frequently from intrauterine asphyxia leading to acute Caesarean section. This finding cannot be explained by long-standing placenta problems alone. A possible mechanism which could link these findings together is suggested, and it is concluded that the boys with Yq+ most probably should be regarded as being at a certain risk at the time of birth.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1982

Incidence of chromosome abnormalities in newborn children. Comparison between incidences in 1969-1974 and 1980-1982 in the same area.

As part of an ongoing study of the influence of environmental factors on pregnancy, childbirth, and fetuses, comparisons have been made between incidences in 1969-1974 and in 1980-1982 of chromosome aberrations in liveborn children in the same area of Denmark. The incidence of chromosome aberrations in the first period was 2.6 per 1000, compared with 41. per 1000 during the latter period. However, the difference was mainly due to an increase in inversions, and this in turn was due to a difference in chromosome staining methods between the two periods. It is concluded that the Danish study and similar studies in the United States, Canada, and Scotland indicate that early detection of chromosome aberrations by chromosome examination at birth is indicated in order to be able to inform and counsel parents of children with chromosome aberrations. Chromosome examination at birth is also of importance in the diagnosis of structural inheritable chromosome aberrations and consequent family investigation and genetic counseling.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1981

Follow-up of 32 children with autosomal translocations found among 11,148 consecutively newborn children from 1969 to 1974.

A follow-up study of 32 unselected children with translocations has been made from 6 to 11 years after the chromosome examination of these children at birth. The physical and mental development of the five children with de novo translocations was very similar to that of the children with inherited translocations, and we found no indication of any association between the autosomal reciprocal translocations for the Robertsonian translocations and physical and mental development. There was an increased risk for offspring with unbalanced or aneuploid chromosome abnormalities in 2 of the 30 families, and prenatal examination is most probably indicated in carriers of any type of translocation. Further studies of large groups of unselected persons with translocations are, however, needed before any definite risk figures can be calculated for the different translocations.

Child↗