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Biomedical subjects

B Kralj

Publications and source records attributed to B Kralj.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Bioconversion of steroid glycosides by Nocardia restricta.

The bioconversion of steroid alkaloid tomatine by Nocardia restricta yields the conjugate with lactic acid. We studied the bioconversion of some steroid glycosides without a nitrogen atom in the molecule to determine the effect of the nitrogen atom. The glycosides were of three different types: sterol glycosides, bufadienolide rhamnoside and steroid saponine. The results of bioconversions showed that Nocardia restricta converts steroid glycosides differently according to the sugar bound to the steroid aglycone. It can be concluded that in the absence of a nitrogen atom in the steroid molecule no conjugation with lactic acid by Nocardia restricta occurs.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1983

Determination of submicrogram quantities of cimetidine and its biotransformation and degradation products.

The new and convenient method for the separation, isolation and characterization of the N-ciano-N'-methyl-N"-(2-/(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylthio/ethyl) guanidine and its biotransformation and degradation products was developed. Mass spectra obtained with the FAB (Fast Atom Bombardment) method are described. This method proved to be very successful for the analysis and characterization of studied compounds.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1978

Advances in nonimplantable electrical stimualtors for correction of urinary incontinence.

The nonimplantable electrical stimulators are widely used as rehabilitation aids for correction of urinary incontinence. The advances in the field of the design of nonimplantable electrical stimulators such as automatic vaginal electrical stimulator VAGICON-X and anal pressure controlled electrical stimulator are described. The evaluation of VAGICON-X in patients suffering from stress and urge incontinence as well as preliminary results of acute application of anal pressure electrical stimulation in patients with stress incontinence as presented.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1977

The mechanisms of the action of electrical stimulation of muscles.

The mechanisms of the action of electrical stimulation of muscles are discussed. We believe that the principal cause for the good results obtained in cases of stress incontinence with electrical stimulation must be due to the formation of a better reflex in contraction of the muscles of the pelvic floor. This, however, envolves changes at the level of the spinal cord. By the help of stimulation the patient learns to use the urethral sphincter and secondary forces of retention in a better and a more proper way. The good results obtained in the treatment of some cases of nocturnal enuresis by anal plugs require yet another explanation. It can be considered that in nocturnal enuresis the unconscious inhibition of the reflex mechanism for emptying the bladder is not developed enough. From the experience we know that vigorous voluntary activation of the muscles of the pelvic floor inhibits the contraction of the detrusor muscle. In this way it is possible to depress the urging sensation to urinate. In the paper we have tried to demonstrate this mechanism objectively. On the basis of our findings we believe that the good results in treating nocturnal enuresis may be due to this mechanism of stimulation.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Selection of patients with urinary incontinence for application of functional electrical stimulation.

Contradictory data from the literature along with our own experience using functional electrical stimulation (FES) have facilitated the determination of objective criteria for the application of FES in correcting urinary incontinence. Simultaneous urodynamic, neurophysiological, and radiological examinations employed during our studies enabled us to determine changes in these parameters due to FEX. Among a large number of patients with urinary incontinence (for example: paraplegics, patients with spina bifida, stress incontinence following prostate operations, or resistant enuresis) we have determined that FES is appropriate if applied to properly selected patients. FES is indicated on the basis of the following criteria: the degree of morphological lesion of the urinary tract, the peripheral denervation of the muscles of the pelvic floor, the condition of the spinal center for miction, and, above all the quality of response to FES. FES not only activates the closing muscles of the bladder, but also inhibits the reflex contractions of the detrusor. Here, it should be noted that FES is indicated for cases of reflex incontinence. During FES of the pelvic floor muscles intravesical pressure normally diminishes and the reflex contractions of the detrusor subside. Sometimes, however, the reflex of miction occurs. In such a case, two reflex mechanisms are engaged. Their equilibrium, i.e. controlled miction, can be achieved with an afferent in flow which inhibits the reflex of miction. The use of FES for the correction of urinary incontinence can be a very good method if the FES parameters are individually chosen and patients properly selected.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Selection of patients in the treatment of urinary incontinence].

Criteria for the selection of female patients with urinary incontinence for treatment are described. The following procedures are suggested: the patient's history, gynecological examination, urological examination, urodynamic examinations (urethral pressure profile and cystometry), and neurophysiological examinations (especially the electromyography of pelvic floor muscles). For the treatment with functional electrical stimulation the role of the trial application of stimulators is emphasized. The importance of an accurate classification of incontinence is stressed. The results of treatment depend mainly on the appropriate selection of patients.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Indications for cerclage of the cervix uteri (author's transl)].

Diagnostic methods for the incompetence of the internal cervical os are described. The incompetence of the internal cervical os when there is no pregnancy is especially dealt with. For the diagnosis five tests are used (measurement of the uterine cavity and palpation of the cervical channel, Palmer test, Bergman-Svennerund test cervicohysterography, and X-ray cervicometry). Only in strictly indicated cases should cerclage be applied. In cases with an undeveloped clinical picture the operation could be recommended twelfth week of pregnancy. With an appropriate selection of patients and an operation after the twelfth week of pregnancy a success of 82% was achieved at the university hospital in Ljubljana. The duration of the sick-leave after the operation is also indicated.

Cervix Uteri↗