PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B L Greenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B L Greenberg.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

HIV-1 seroprevalence in chest clinic and hospital tuberculosis patients in New York City, 1989-1991.

OBJECTIVE: To describe more fully HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection in TB patients attending New York City Department of Health chest clinics (1989-1991) and one inner-city hospital (1990-1991). DESIGN: An unlinked serosurvey using HIV-1-antibody testing of remnant blood specimens collected for routine medical purposes. SUBJECTS: A total of 1414 clinic and 856 hospital patients. OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV seropositivity and TB infection/disease. RESULTS: A total of 327 (23%) of the clinic patients were HIV-1-positive, with a significantly higher seroprevalence in men (29 versus 15%, P < 0.001) and in young and middle-aged adults aged 30-50 years (P < 0.001). HIV-1 prevalence by TB diagnostic class was: class 2 (purified protein derivative-positive and chest radiograph-negative), 11% (64 out of 570); class 3 (active disease), 34% (197 out of 582); class IV (old/inactive disease), 30% (39 out of 130). Of the hospital patients 487 (57%) were HIV-1-positive. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 55% for those who were identified or believed to be HIV-1-negative on admission as indicated on the medical chart. HIV-1 seroprevalence in the clinic population decreased initially, but later increased, although not to study onset levels. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable overlap between the TB and HIV epidemics in New York City; a part of the increasing TB incidence may be independent of HIV coinfection. The control of TB will necessitate prompt diagnosis of TB and HIV-1, appropriate TB treatment and/or chemoprophylaxis, and a greater commitment to tackle the social conditions associated with the spread of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Measles-associated diarrhea in hospitalized children in Lima, Peru: pathogenic agents and impact on growth.

Because the causes of measles-associated diarrhea are not well known, 0- to 5-year-old children presenting to the hospital with measles-associated diarrhea (cases, n = 77) or acute diarrhea only (controls, n = 77) were compared. Growth and diarrheal morbidity were evaluated for 1 month after acute illness. Campylobacter jejuni was more frequently isolated from cases (31%) than controls (16%; P = .03). Rotavirus was absent in all cases versus 28% of controls (P less than .001). Incidence density for new episodes of diarrhea was significantly greater in cases (6.5 vs. 4.1; odds ratio, 1.6; confidence intervals, 1.09-2.34; P = .01), as was duration of episodes (3 vs. 2 days, P = .02). Both groups showed similar positive cumulative percentage weight gains throughout follow-up. These data support the theory of measles as a risk factor for developing diarrhea. The bacteriologic and virologic findings may reflect the immunologic response of the host to measles infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

HIV-1 infection among New York City inmates.

A blinded seroprevalence survey for HIV-1 infection was conducted among individuals entering New York City (NYC) prisons in 1989. Data collected included age group, race/ethnicity, syphilis serologic results and self-admitted drug use. Remnant serum specimens were tested for HIV-1 antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by Western blot. Of 2236 inmates surveyed, 413 (18.5%) were HIV-1 positive. Rates varied by subgroup, and were higher for women than men (25.8 versus 16.1%; odds ratio 1.8; P less than 0.01), for drug users than inmates who denied drug use (25 versus 14%; odds ratio 2.3; P less than 0.01), for intravenous heroin users (43 versus 15% in drug users not using heroin), and for inmates with positive rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) results (34.5 versus 16.1% in RPR-negative inmates). Use of intravenous heroin was most strongly related, by logistic regression, to HIV-1 seropositivity. The results are among the highest found in US inmates, and suggest that there were 12,500 seropositive individuals incarcerated in 1989. This represents approximately 10% of the estimated number of seropositive individuals in NYC. The NYC Correctional System should be viewed as a front-line institution in the fight against AIDS through provision of HIV-related prevention services and clinical care, and drug treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Single dose piperazine therapy for Ascaris lumbricoides: an unsuccessful method of promoting growth.

One-hundred eighty-five Bangladeshi children age 1 1/2 to 8 yr with no Ascaris lumbricoides infection or with light, moderate, or heavy infection were randomly assigned to treatment of placebo groups, with treatment given in a double-blind fashion. The groups were comparable for nutritional and socioeconomic parameters. Treatment consisted of a single dose of piperazine citrate administered twice within a 2-wk period. The cure rates for the low, moderate, and heavy A. lumbricoides infected subgroups were 53, 31, and 36%, respectively. With more severe infections, worm eradication was more difficult and the rate of reinfection after treatment was more rapid. The rate of reinfection was significantly different for the low A. lumbricoides infected treatment and placebo subgroups for 5 months after treatment, for the moderate treatment and placebo subgroups for 3 months after treatment, and for the heavy A. lumbricoides infected treatment and placebo subgroups there was a difference, although not significant, for 1 month after treatment. Anthropometric measurements were obtained for a period of 11 months. Analysis of covariance revealed no significant difference for change of weight, change of height, weight-for age, weight-for-height, height-for-age, triceps skinfold, midarm circumference, and the abdominal girth to chest circumference ratio between the treatment and placebo groups after drug administration. The results of this study do not support single dose worm therapy as a means to enhance growth.

Anthelmintics↗