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Biomedical subjects

B L Sauer

Publications and source records attributed to B L Sauer.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Computerized documentation of activities of Pharm.D. clerkship students.

A method for documenting the contributions of entry-level Pharm.D. clerkship students at a teaching hospital is described. Between mid-September 1995 and April 1996, students were asked to use a cost-accounting software program to document time spent on various activities associated with inpatient pharmacy services. The system was already being used for documenting the clinical activities of staff pharmacists; pharmacists entered activities in the same way that they entered medication orders, using a mnemonic for a clinical activity in place of a drug name and time spent on the activity in place of a dosage. Pharmacist preceptors verified the students' entries. Eleven students reported 3,466 clinical events. Thirty-five pharmacists reported 54,299 clinical events during the same period. Students were responsible for 42.5% of the initial patient work-ups reported, 34.0% of the patient information and education episodes, and 24.6% of the inservice programs for physicians. On the basis of documented student contributions to the clinical workload, the pharmacy department requested additional clerkship students. The following year, 16 clerkship students were assigned to the department and the program was expanded to year-round clerkships. Pharmacy clerkship students contributed to the productivity data of a teaching hospital. Documentation of the students' contributions led to an expansion of the clerkship program.

California↗
PubMed1989

Preparing women for the profession: a course using structured role-model analysis.

In response to increasing numbers of women entering pharmacy, a course was developed at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, addressing issues facing women in the profession. Our purpose was to prepare female students for their future careers by discussing career planning and management; the complexities of balancing career and family life; and career commitment. The technique of structured role-model analysis was used to encourage students to seek out, listen to, and learn from successful role-models. This technique enabled students to identify recurrent themes, advice and strategies among successful pharmacists who participated as guest speakers. Students were assisted in formulating their own career plans and developing a strategy for accomplishment. Courses of this type can increase a young woman's sophistication as she enters the profession and enable her to make more intelligent career decisions.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1973

Respiration of wild type and extrachromosomal mutants of Neurospora crassa.

The specific rates of respiration of cells of wild type and four extrachromosomal mutants of Neurospora crassa were measured throughout the vegetative growth cycle. Two forms of respiration were observed: (i) cyanide sensitive; and (ii) cyanide resistant, salicyl hydroxamate sensitive. These two forms are called terminal and alternate, respectively. The former proceeds by the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and involves the cytochromes; the latter apparently proceeds by the initial portion of the electron transfer chain and does not involve cytochromes. Large and rapid changes of both the terminal and alternate respiratory activities occurred during the vegetative growth cycle. The kinetics of these changes in wild type were compared under some conditions which inhibit protein synthesis and others in which the nitrogen source was varied. The kinetics of the changes of the two forms of respiration of mutants differed from those normally exhibited by wild type, but with varied experimental conditions wild type could be made to resemble the mutants. The results of these studies are discussed in terms of a dynamic model of regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in the coordination of the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1973

Glucose utilization and ethanolic fermentation by wild type and extrachromosomal mutants of Neurospora crassa.

Logarithmic growth rates, maximal biomass, specific glucose utilization rates, and ethanol accumulation were measured in aerobic cultures of wild type and extrachromosomal mutants of Neurospora crassa. Maximal biomass and ethanol accumulation of wild type and [mi-1] were proportional to the initial glucose concentration in the range of 2 to 10%. The specific rates of glucose utilization by the mutants were 13- to 20-fold greater than those of wild type in young cultures. The specific rates of glucose utilization by wild type, however, were increased threefold by increasing the ammonium ion concentration in the preculture medium. The suppressor gene f(+) suppressed the excessive glucose utilization and enhanced the growth rate and maximal biomass of [mi-1]. When the mutants were utilizing glucose at excessive rates, ethanol did not appear in the culture medium. Ethanol accumulation was maximum at stationary phase or thereafter, but there was little difference between the maxima of the mutants and wild type. The molar efficiency of the conversion of glucose to ethanol during the entire culture period of wild type and mutants was about 50% and, in the latter stages of fermentation, approached 100%. Replacement of ammonium ion by nitrate in the culture medium suppressed ethanol accumulation by wild type. The relationship of these results to previous observations on respiratory adaptation are discussed. We suggest that the Pasteur effect, the inhibition of fermentation by respiration, may be operative in N. crassa. Factors such as nitrogen source and concentration and oxygen tension, which may serve primarily to regulate the amount and form of respiration would, therefore, indirectly regulate fermentation. The mutants, although transiently deficient in terminal respiratory activity, do not accumulate more ethanol than wild type and, therefore, apparently do not ferment in excess to obtain additional adenosine 5'-triphosphate. We suggest that the excess activity of the alternate form of respiration of the mutants may be related to their excessive rate of glucose utilization by way of the pentose phosphate pathway and the oxidation of excess reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Aerobiosis↗