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B Lazzaro

Publications and source records attributed to B Lazzaro.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Antigenic characterization of medullary carcinoma of the breast: HLA-DR expression in lymph node positive cases.

Medullary carcinoma of the breast has attracted attention because of its relatively good prognosis, in spite of its high cytologic grade. It has, by definition, a consistent, florid tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population, probably the result of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognizing tumor cells in an HLA-DR-restricted manner. HLA-DR tends to be more highly expressed on primary medullary carcinoma cells than on ductal carcinoma cells; however, the MHC-class II antigenicity of the tumor cells themselves has not been analyzed extensively, and as yet there has been no comparative study of HLA-DR expression in medullary and ductal carcinomas metastatic to lymph nodes. Eleven cases of medullary carcinoma and 15 cases of ductal carcinoma, primaries, and respective lymph node metastases were analyzed by immunoperoxidase staining for HLA-DR and lymphocytes antigens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to identify HLA-DR subtypes from the paraffin blocks was performed on selected cases of primaries and nodal metastases of both tumor types. Immunoperoxidase staining for HLA-DR antigen revealed a marked difference in antigen expression between medullary and ductal carcinomas. In the medullary carcinomas, the mean percentage of cells staining for HLA-DR was 74.5% in the primary tumors and 67.3% in the nodal metastases. For the ductal carcinomas, the mean percentage of cells staining was 17.7% in the primaries and 7% in the metastases. There was a tendency for the level of HLA-DR expression to remain high in medullary carcinoma metastatic to nodes, whereas whatever HLA-DR was present within ductal primaries tended to diminish when cells metastasized to regional nodes. PCR analysis of the HLA-DR within the two tumor types revealed no emerging subtype or variant that could be associated with either the medullary or the ductal carcinomas. Medullary carcinoma cells express much greater quantities of HLA-DR, on the whole, than ductal carcinomas. Expression of HLA-DR is retained on medullary carcinoma cells that have spread to lymph nodes, whereas the smaller quantities of HLA-DR present within ductal primaries tend to diminish even further when the tumor cells are found in lymph nodes. No discernible HLA-DR mutations or predominant subtypes emerged on PCR analysis, and the authors therefore conclude that it is the quantity and not the quality of HLA-DR expression in medullary carcinoma that maintains the characteristic TIL infiltrate, not seen in ductal carcinomas.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

P53 and Ki-67 antigen expression in small oral biopsy specimens of salivary gland tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility that various salivary gland tumors that look histologically similar could express p53 oncoprotein and Ki-67 proliferation antigen differentially and possibly aid in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Intraoral paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of salivary gland tumors were used. Thirty-eight pleomorphic adenomas, 17 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 23 monomorphic adenomas, and 17 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas were stained with p53 and Ki-67 antibodies by using an immunoperoxidase detection system. Each case was evaluated in terms of staining intensity and percentage of cells staining. RESULTS: Ki-67 and p53 antigens are expressed in generally low levels in the histologically well-differentiated salivary tumors that were studied here, both benign and malignant. Only 1 solid-type adenoid cystic carcinoma showed a high percentage of cells expressing p53. CONCLUSIONS: The histologically well-differentiated salivary tumors studied do not show differential expression of p53 and Ki-67, in spite of their differing courses of biologic behavior. These antibodies should not be relied on to distinguish benign from malignant lesions of the salivary glands; however, they might be markers for those lesions that are dedifferentiating histologically and, therefore, might be displaying more aggressive behavior.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Tumor antigen expression in compound dysplastic nevi and superficial spreading melanoma defined by a panel of nevomelanoma monoclonal antibodies.

Studies of antigen expression in dysplastic nevi have been limited to some extent by difficulties in obtaining frozen nevi with which to react monoclonal antibodies. Accordingly, we obtained a panel of antibodies that binds to antigens preserved in paraffin-embedded tissue. This panel of monoclonal antibodies, raised against nevomelanoma antigens, was used on 26 dysplastic compound nevi and additionally on 14 invasive superficial spreading melanomas. Among the dysplastic nevi, two basic dermal staining patterns emerged. One pattern designated "Type 1" shows a histologically well-developed dermal component that tends to be antigenically well stratified, with the cells in the upper dermis expressing the most antigen, and gradual loss of antigenicity in the lower dermis as maturation of nevic cells occurs. A second ("Type 2") pattern was seen in which nevic cells tended to remain in the upper dermis, with less downgrowth, and to express antigen in a diffuse or patchy, but nonstratified distribution. Some differential distribution of the antigens was noted, with antibodies 404-101, HMB-45, and ME 109 binding to the activated junctional zone, but showing lower binding affinity within the dermis. ME 491, NKI-C3, and 506 bind to antigens abundant in the junctional zone as well as the dermis. The antibody ME 67-6 binds to both junction and dermis, but is more useful for delineation of antigenic stratification and presence of abnormal "clones."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Renal cell carcinoma vs. renal oncocytoma. Report of a case with overlap features and review of the literature.

Although the salient features of renal oncocytomas and renal cell carcinomas have been discussed in the recent literature, renal masses with features of both entities will present diagnostic difficulty, especially when the cells are diffusely eosinophilic on microscopic examination. A case of a firm, tan, rounded mass replacing the lower pole of the kidney is discussed. The final diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, granular cell type, was made after multiple sections of the tumor were examined, and after electron microscopy was performed. A thorough search by light microscopy should be made for clear cell foci, necrosis, mitotic activity, and vascular or capsular invasion, features generally accepted as pathognomonic for renal cell carcinoma. Cellular and especially nuclear pleomorphism is typically focal or mild in renal oncocytomas. True oncocytic tumors will be packed with mitochondria on electron microscopy; however, granular renal cell carcinomas will contain mitochondria as well as other cellular organelles, lipid, and glycogen. Electron microscopy should be performed on tumors suspected of being oncocytomas because eosinophilia on hematoxylin and eosin stain, as demonstrated by this case, is not a predictable measure of mitochondria content. Immunoperoxidase staining for vimentin in oncocytomas has recently been shown to be negative, and may offer a method of ruling out oncocytoma in vimentin-positive tumors, pending further studies.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Visualization of the ribosome-lamella complex in plastic-embedded biopsy specimens as an aid to diagnosis of hairy-cell leukemia.

Hairy-cell leukemia is a lymphoid leukemia of B-cell lineage, the cells of which are characteristically tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive on blood and bone marrow smears. However, because hairy-cell leukemia is frequently associated with abundant marrow stroma, dry marrow taps, and peripheral pancytopenia, the diagnosis may rest on the appearance of the bone marrow biopsy specimen alone. The ribosome-lamella complex has been associated with hairy-cell leukemia, and can be visualized by light microscopy using l-micron sections of plastic-embedded bone marrow specimens stained with toluidine blue. We describe the findings in a case in which bone marrow and liver biopsy specimens were positive for hairy cells containing ribosome-lamella complex, which were visualized with both electron microscopy and light microscopy. Reliable light microscopic identification of ribosome-lamella complex may provide an easy and inexpensive method of aiding in the diagnosis of hairy-cell leukemia when aspirate material is not available for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

A modified Brown and Hopps stain for identification of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms in glycol methacrylate-embedded tissues.

Plastic embedding is a recently developed technique that has been shown to be superior to conventional paraffin embedding in the histopathologic identification of microorganisms in tissue specimens. This report describes a modification of the Brown and Hopps stain for the differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms in 3-micron-thick plastic sections. This technique is easily performed and has a rapid turnaround time. This staining method permits a more precise histopathologic diagnosis of infectious agents than is possible in paraffin-embedded tissues.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1988

Antigen localization in immunoperoxidase-stained plastic-embedded soft tissues.

Immunoperoxidase stains were performed on normal and neoplastic tissue from prostate, colon, thyroid, lung, nerve, uterus, and placenta embedded in both plastic (glycolmethacrylate [GMA]) and paraffin. Positive results in plastic section were obtained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), thyroglobulins, S-100, prostate-specific antigen, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and beta-HCG. More delicate staining with more precise localization of antigens is noted. Superior (paraformaldehyde) fixation and cold processing followed by GMA polymerization (4 degrees C) allow for optimum antigen survival. After fixation, tissue processing involves a series of 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer rinses with sucrose and ammonium chloride in a conventional dip-and-dunk processor placed in a 4 degrees C cold room. Acetone dehydrations are used before GMA infiltration, cold polymerization, and sectioning. Before immunoperoxidase staining, the plastic section is digested in .25% bovine trypsin for ten minutes. The immunoperoxidase methods described can be useful when small biopsies are routinely embedded in plastic to obtain improved histologic (hematoxylin-eosin) sections. There may also be research applications in quantifying antigen expression in benign, dysplastic, and neoplastic tissues by examining the stains under high power.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Phase II trial with oral idarubicin in advanced breast cancer.

Idarubicin, a new analogue of daunorubicin, was administered to 27 patients with advanced breast cancer in a phase II trial. The drug was given orally at a dose of 30-35 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Twenty-two patients were evaluable for response. All evaluable patients were previously treated with one or more chemotherapeutic regimens, including an anthracycline in more than 50% of the cases. Partial remissions were obtained in 5 patients, for a response rate of 23%. The median duration of response was 191 days. Mild nausea and vomiting were common. Diarrhea, which occurred in less than 50% of the patients, was usually short-lived. Alopecia was generally minimal. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxic effect. Leukopenia was frequently seen, with full recovery by day 28 in 81% of the courses. Thrombocytopenia was less common than leukopenia. Four cases of grade 1 acute cardiac toxicity were recorded. This study suggests that idarubicin can induce regressions in advanced carcinoma of the breast, and justifies further studies in combination with other agents.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Chemotherapy in metastatic male breast cancer.

14 male patients with metastatic breast cancer received a total of 20 chemotherapeutic trials with 2 basic combination regimens, namely, variants of the Cooper's regimen CMFVP and adriamycin-containing combinations. Overall, a 35% response rate was observed. Our data suggest that cancer of the breast in the male is responsive to the same combinations used in the female, with regimens including adriamycin being probably superior to regimens without it.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hormonal treatment of disseminated male breast cancer.

14 males with disseminated cancer of breast received a total of 35 endocrine trials, mainly in the form of hormonal supplementation. Overall, a 43% response rate was observed. In particular, remissions occurred in 7 of 11 instances with cyproterone acetate, in 3 of 7 with tamoxifen, in 2 of 5 with estrogens, in 2 of 5 with aminoglutethimide, in none of 3 with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate, in none of 1 with androgens, and in 1 of 3 with castration. The response to additive hormonal therapy was 44%. Median overall response duration was 10 months, 11 months following additive hormonal therapy. Median survival from start of therapy was longer in responding than in nonresponding patients (23.5 vs. 11 months). A disease-free interval did not appear to influence hormonal response. Patients responding to one form of hormonal treatment had a greater likelihood of responding to subsequent hormonal manipulations. Additive hormonal therapy may provide effective palliation in males with advanced breast cancer, and should be considered as a valid alternative to orchiectomy.

Adult↗