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Biomedical subjects

B Lemke

Publications and source records attributed to B Lemke.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Normal angiogram in acute coronary syndrome-preangiographic risk stratification, angiographic findings and follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Coronary angiographies performed during acute coronary syndrome show different coronary morphologies-vessel occlusions, thrombi and various types of stenoses. In a few cases of acute coronary syndrome, angiography reveals normal coronary arteries. It is the purpose of this study to analyze this specific subset of patients who presented with an acute coronary syndrome but had a normal coronary angiogram with respect to the preangiographic diagnostics, risk stratification and clinical follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 897 coronary angiographies were performed as an emergency procedure in our institution. The majority of patients (n = 821) presented with coronary artery disease and the majority was treated by mechanical revascularization (86.3%). In 76 patients (8.5%), no coronary artery stenosis was documented. However, according to the preangiographic risk stratification, coronary artery disease was expected in these patients. Observations documented angiographically included coronary spasms (6.6%) and muscle bridges (5.3%). During a mean follow-up of 11.2 +/- 6.4 months, one patient developed an acute myocardial infarction requiring coronary intervention. All other patients were free of any cardiac event. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we have to consider that coronary angiography may not always detect the cause of myocardial ischemia in every patient. There is a small group of patients with normal coronary angiograms during acute coronary syndrome. Additional diagnostic procedures like intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or the assessment of intracoronary physiological parameters may increase the diagnostic value of angiography.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Substrate-modification using electroanatomical mapping in sinus rhythm to treat ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

UNLABELLED: The treatment especially of frequent ischemic VT remains a challenge for medical and catheter ablation procedures. We evaluated the efficacy of a substrate-based procedure to eliminate clinical VTs in this patient collective. METHODS: In 25 consecutive patients (ejection fraction 37+/-12%) with frequent symptomatic medically refractory ischemic VT (with recurrent ICD-shocks), left ventricular anatomic scar mapping (Biosense Webster CARTO) was performed in order to modify the underlying myocardial substrate. Scar tissue was identified as having bipolar voltages <0.5 mV. Prior to the procedure an electrophysiological study (EPS) to determine number and morphology of inducible VTs was performed. Linear ablation procedures (8 mm tip, 70 Watts, 70 degrees C) were based on the findings of scar areas and proximity to anatomic obstacles. Correct location of ablation was documented by similarity of the morphology during pace-mapping. Follow-up included clinical evaluation, ICD holter interrogation plus holter ECG recording. RESULTS: The clinical VT was eliminated by linear catheter ablation in 23/25 patients (92%) (failure due to unstable catheter position during transaortic approach in 1 and epicardial origin of VT in 1). In 16/23 patients (70%) complete success could be produced with no VT inducible after substrate modification (1.7+/-1.0 lines per patient). In 7 patients (30%) only partial success was documented with further VTs inducible after ablation. No procedure-related complications occurred. During follow- up (10+/-4 months) 4 patients (16%) had occurrences of new VTs documented on ICD holter (3 patients with initially partial success and 1 with initial complete success) differing in cycle length and morphology from the clinical VT. Comparing patients with complete to those with partial success, there was a statistically significant difference of 93 vs. 48% freedom of arrhythmia (p=0.03). No difference in regard to baseline characteristics existed in these two patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation of frequent VTs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy can be safely performed using electro-anatomic scar mapping with a high procedural success of 90%. Based on the morphological findings, linear ablation can suppress inducibility of all VTs in 70% of patients with high mid-term efficacy. In patients with only partial ablation success, non-clinical VTs often occur early during follow-up (50%).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Current guidelines].

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has been adopted fast into clinical practice and current guidelines as a new therapy for some patients with severe systolic heart failure. Current American guidelines have accepted cardiac resynchronisation therapy with the highest level of evidence (A) and have classified the indication in the second highest range (II a). Recommendations in a consensus statement of the German Cardiac Society have been more moderate and have considered contemporarily unsolved questions. After completion of the COMPANION study, which showed a significant benefit for cardiac-resynchronization therapy in the primary end point (mortality and hospitalisation), there were claims for a new evaluation of the cardiac resynchronisation therapy in the German guidelines for cardiac pacing. Contrarily to the American guidelines a risk stratification has been performed into class I (therapy should be performed), class IIa (therapy is reasonable) and class II b (therapy is not unreasonable).

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed2003

[Recanalization by percutaneous coronary intervention in occlusion of all coronary vessels].

The utility of coronary intervention in the treatment of multivessel coronary disease with complex morphology and damage to the myocardium remains controversial. What is certain is that drug treatment is often not adequate and surgical revascularization not always possible. A patient with occlusion of all coronary vessels who underwent a multivessel intervention is presented. Multivessel intervention can improve the left ventricular function and appreciably increase the performance of the patient. In similar cases, consideration should be given to percutaneous coronary intervention as an alternative to bypass surgery.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2003

[Intraoperative cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing open heart surgery].

METHODS: A total of 113 patients with chronic permanent (104) or paroxysmal (9) atrial fibrillation underwent open heart surgery plus an additional antiarrhythmic procedure using saline-irrigated cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation (SICTRA) for biatrial or left atrial linear lesions. Ablation was performed with steps of short (5 seconds) ablation around the pulmonary vein ostia and interconnecting lines. Postoperative complications and conversions to sinus rhythm were followed up (mean follow-up duration 17+/-14 months). RESULTS: Of the 113 patients, 16 died during follow-up (day 3 up to 33 months) resulting in a cumulative survival of 79% (2 sudden cardiac deaths, 2 gastrointestinal bleedings, 1 renal bleeding, 2 mediastinitis, 1 endocarditis, 1 hemorrhagic insult, 2 respiratory insufficiencies and 2 unknown). Three patients died between day 3 and 6 (30-day mortality 3%) due to low cardiac output. Complications occurred in 19% of the patients including 4% bleeding, 1% pneumothorax, 3% sternal dehiscence, 3% reversible low cardiac output, 6% reversible respiratory insufficiency, 2% TIAs and 1% intra aortal balloon pump implantation. Conversion to sinus rhythm usually occurred spontaneously within 6 months resulting in a cumulative percentage of 80% in sinus rhythm. In these patients, 85% showed biatrial contraction. CONCLUSIONS: SICTRA to treat atrial fibrillation can safely and effectively be combined with different surgical procedures. Mortality and complication rates are comparable to cardiac surgery without antiarrhythmic procedures. No severe procedure-related complications were noted when a stepwise ablation approach during open heart surgery was used. Antiarrhythmic surgical procedures are highly effective in restoring sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. Is a modified approach using intraoperatively cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation to induce linear lesions safe and effective in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in cardiosurgical patients?

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Coronary artery stenting in diabetes mellitus--unfavourable clinical outcome due to increased rate of myocardial ischemia and percutaneous interventions.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze if diabetic patients, compared to nondiabetic patients, have a worse angiographic and clinical success rate and a reduced clinical and angiographic outcome at three-months follow-up after coronary artery stenting according to postprocedural complications, recurrent angina, myocardial ischemia, restenosis and revascularization. A total of 307 unselected patients with coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia who underwent intracoronary stenting were included in this study. Diabetes was present in 49 patients. Morphological criteria, angiographic results and clinical in-hospital outcome did not differ significantly between both groups. At follow-up diabetics presented significantly more often recurrent angina and myocardial ischemia. The rate of restenosis and target lesion revascularization was not different. Among diabetics, the rate of percutaneous coronary interventions because of different lesions was significantly increased. Diabetes does not reduce the angiographic result initially and at follow-up after coronary artery stenting. Diabetes mellitus limits the clinical outcome because of recurrent angina, myocardial ischemia and the need of coronary interventions.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Efficacy of an additional MAZE procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease. A randomized, prospective trial.

AIMS: This study is the first prospective randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of an antiarrhythmic surgical procedure in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation undergoing mitral valve replacement. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty consecutive patients with chronic atrial fibrillation undergoing mitral valve replacement were randomized for an additional modified MAZE-operation using intra-operatively cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation (group A) or mitral valve replacement alone (group B). Biatrial contraction was studied and functional capacity was evaluated in spiro-ergometry 6 months after surgery. Thirty-day mortality was 0% in both groups. After 12 months, sinus rhythm was reinstituted significantly more often in patients of group A (cumulative rate of sinus rhythm 0.800) compared to patients in group B (0.267) (P<0.01). 66.7% of patients in sinus rhythm of group A had documented biatrial contraction. Electrocardioversion showed long-term success in only 17% of patients in group A and 0% in group B. Maximal aerobic uptake at the 6-month spiro-ergometry revealed no significant difference (9.3 vs 8.5 ml x min(-1) kg(-1), P=0.530). CONCLUSIONS: A modified MAZE operation using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation can be safely combined with mitral valve surgery and is highly effective in restoring sinus rhythm. Biatrial contraction is found in 66.7% of patients with sinus rhythm undergoing mitral valve replacement plus the MAZE operation.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Sensor-induced rate adaptation: sensor systems and tuning. Manual versus automatic tuning].

BACKGROUND: Rate adaptive stimulation represents an established therapeutic option in the management of cardiac rhythm disturbance. To realize a physiologic heart rate in patients with chronotopic incompetence several different sensor systems were developed. Due to the requirements of a physiologic pacemaker with all algorithms and therapeutic functions complex pacemaker systems were created. The realization of an automatic rate optimization was given by self adjusting algorithm or new sensor systems (closed loop systems). Comparing data respecting automatic vs manual sensor adjustment are not present. The automatic sensor adjustment was examined only in small patient groups. CONCLUSION: This studies indicated that most patients could be adjusted by the automatic function. Nevertheless, out of technical reasons a small group of patients could not be adjusted. The verification of the correct individual rate response in all patients treated with rate response pacemakers belongs to the physicians obligation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Minimally invasive percutaneous contrast-ultrasound guided thrombin occlusion of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm].

BACKGROUND: Complicating femoral artery puncture aneurysms may occur resulting in the need for surgical or newer, non- or minimal-invasive therapy: A new minimal-invasive method is the percutaneous occlusion injecting bovine thrombin. The high thrombogenous potential of thrombin bears the risk of iatrogenic artery occlusion by artificial intravascular instillation. AIM: Is the contrast-ultrasound guided thrombin injection safe and effective in occluding femoral aneurysms? METHODS: During 1/99 to 12/00, 33 femoral artery aneurysms as a complication coronary catheterization were diagnosed. In 32 patients the aneurysm (mean dimensions 32 x 35 x 24 mm) was punctured during ultrasound guidance. By injecting ultrasound contrast medium, the flow pattern perfusing the aneurysm was documented. In the canula position where no contrast medium exited the aneurysm thrombin was injected. RESULTS: Complete occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 96.9% (31 out of 32) of the patients by contrast-ultrasound guided thrombin occlusion. Follow-up for up to 3 months after the procedure revealed complete occlusion and no clinical or sonographical complications. In one case, a large aneurysm (50 mm x 62 mm x 27 mm) had already led to skin alterations and was only partly occluded by thrombin injection. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-ultrasound guided thrombin occlusion of femoral artery aneurysms is safe and highly effective.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMed2001

Saline-irrigated, cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation is an effective technique to perform the maze procedure.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effectiveness of the saline-irrigated-cooled-tip-radiofrequency ablation (SICTRA) to produce linear intraatrial lesions. METHODS: Thirty patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease were consecutively randomized to have mitral valve operation either with a Maze procedure (group A) or without (group B). Intraatrial linear lesions were made with an SICTRA catheter (20 to 32 W; 200 to 320 mL/h saline). An echocardiography and 24-hour electrocardiogram were obtained 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The cumulative frequencies of sinus rhythm in group A and B were 0.80 and 0.27 (p < 0.01). Restored biatrial contraction was present in 66.7% (6 of 9) of the group A patients in sinus rhythm. One patient from each group received a permanent pacemaker because of bradycardia. A fatal renal bleeding and mediastinitis occurred in 2 group A patients, 6 weeks postoperatively. One group A patient had sudden cardiac death at home, 4 months after operation. One patient from each group had lethal respiratory failure, 7 and 10 months after operation. Survival after 12 months for group A and B was 73% and 93% (p = 0.131). CONCLUSIONS: The SICTRA appeared to be an effective technique to perform the Maze procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence, characteristics and clinical implications of regular atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from a study using a new implantable device.

OBJECTIVES: This study prospectively analyzed atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) organization and antitachycardia pacing (ATP) success in patients with an implanted device for AT therapy. BACKGROUND: In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the incidence of regular, slow ATs amendable by ATP is unknown. METHODS: Forty patients with previously documented AT (70% with AF) received a new pacemaker with atrial electrogram (AEG) storage and atrial ATP capabilities for standard pacing indications. The AEGs acquired during the first month (study phase 1) were classified into high (type I), intermediate (type II) and low (type III) degrees of organization. Atrial ATP was then activated, and treated AT episodes were retrieved three and six months after implantation (study phase 2). RESULTS: Of 824 AEGs retrieved before ATP activation (study phase 1), 351 (43%) were classified as type 1, 47% as type II and 10% as type III. Episodes of AT starting as type I (35%) and type II or III (65%) maintained their type over 1 min in 73%. All patients with an exclusive history of AF also showed type I AEGs. In 361 subsequently treated AT episodes (study phase 2), ATP was successful in 62% of type I and 34% of type II episodes, but not in type III (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with a history of AF show not only disorganized but also highly organized AT episodes, which can be successfully terminated by ATP.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Expectations and satisfaction of patients during inpatient treatment].

PURPOSE: Aim of the study was to examine the expectations of patients at the beginning and the satisfaction at the end of a hospital stay. The hospital settings were standardised. METHODS: 510 patients on the cardiological ward were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the first and last day of their stay. RESULTS: The admitted patients stated clear expectations in respect of the hospital facilities and staff. The most important aspects for the patients were the qualification of staff and the time physicians and nurses would devote to the patient, and the medical and technical equipment of the hospital. Beds per room, food, length and costs of the stay were less important in patients' expectations. On the day of discharge, the patients were very satisfied with the staff and medical equipment, in contrast to a low satisfaction regarding additional fees and the number of beds per room (three). CONCLUSIONS: Since cost-benefit is a basic need in running a hospital today, financial resources should be enhanced in the spheres which are equally medically important for fulfilling the expectations of the patients. Therefore, the number of staff and the qualification of the medical professionals should be financed instead of supporting architectural and room design. Accordingly, the patients' main criteria for choosing a hospital is the medical equipment provided and the qualification of the medical staff. In conclusion, these aspects should be publicized for meaningful decision-making. Medical professionals should be encouraged to inspire competence and to spend as much time as possible with each individual patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Functional variables associated with the clinical grade of dyspnoea in coal miners with pneumoconiosis and mild bronchial obstruction.

OBJECTIVES: Dyspnoea is a common symptom in coal miners with pneumoconiosis. Among others, gas exchange disturbances due to airway obstruction or mismatch between ventilation and perfusion may be underlying mechanisms. The validation of dyspnoea by the degree of airway obstruction is controversial, because the extent of airway obstruction often does not correlate with the clinical grade of breathlessness. METHODS: The association was investigated between breathlessness (self reported, on a six point scale) and indices of submaximal spiroergometry in 66 coal workers with radiographically confirmed pneumoconiosis (International Labour Organisation (ILO) grade of profusion > or =1/0, mean (SD) age 64 (5.5) years, mean (SD) forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) 77.5 (22.9) % predicted). RESULTS: The clinical degree of breathlessness was independently associated with minute ventilation/oxygen consumption (VE/VO(2)) ratio (beta 0.423, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.18 to 0.67, p=0.001) and smoking (beta 0.318, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.79, p=0.014) in a multiple linear regression analysis. The VE/VO(2) ratio (beta 0.556, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.90, p=0.003) was also the best predictor of breathlessness when only coal miners with airway obstruction (FEV(1) < 80% predicted) were analyzed. CONCLUSION: The VE/VO(2) ratio as a measurement of mismatch between ventilation and perfusion predicted the clinical grade of breathlessness better than measurements of bronchial obstruction at rest in coal workers with pneumoconiosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy and safety of ticlopidine monotherapy versus ticlopidine and aspirin after coronary artery stenting: follow-up results of a randomized study.

A combined antiplatelet treatment with ticlopidine and aspirin has been accepted as standard pharmacological regimen after coronary artery stenting. No data of a randomized trial are available on ticlopidine monotherapy. This prospective, randomized monocenter trial investigates the role of ticlopidine monotherapy versus combined antiplatelet therapy with ticlopidine and aspirin in unselected patients undergoing coronary artery stenting. After successful placement of 378 coronary artery stents, two hundred and forty-three consecutive patients were randomly assigned to receive antiplatelet therapy with 2 x 250 mg ticlopidine (121 patients) or a combination of 2 x 250 mg ticlopidine plus 100 mg aspirin (122 patients) daily. The primary endpoint included the absence of death, cardiac events and vascular access-site complications during the in-hospital phase. Angiographic and clinical assessment was repeated at the 3-month follow-up exam. Two hundred and thirty-seven patients (97.5%) were free from cardiac and non-cardiac events. Stent thromboses were seen in 2 patients of the combined treatment group, while none were observed in the monotherapy group. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding the primary endpoint. Angiography performed in 210 patients (86.4%) at follow-up revealed a restenosis rate of 29.4% in the combined treatment group and 27.8% in the monotherapy group. Monotherapy with ticlopidine is as safe and effective as a combined regimen of ticlopidine plus aspirin after coronary artery stenting in an unselected patient population. These results need to be confirmed in a larger multicenter trial.

Aged↗