Biomedical subjects

B Lidestam

Publications and source records attributed to B Lidestam.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Speech-reading of synthetic and natural faces: effects of contextual cueing and mode of presentation.

A natural and a synthetic face were compared with regard to speech-reading performance, with a visual and an audio-visual condition, and with three levels of contextual cueing in an experiment with 90 normal-hearing subjects. Auditory presentation (speech in noise) served as a control condition. The results showed main effects for type of face, presentation mode and contextual cueing, and also an interaction between presentation mode and type of face, such that performance was superior for the natural compared with the synthetic face, and especially in the audio-visual mode. Audio-visual speech-reading was more accurate than visual and auditory presentation and contextual cueing improved performance overall. It is suggested that a synthetic face can be a valuable and useful support if proper cueing and an auditory signal are provided, but it is outperformed by a natural face with regard to complementarity to an underspecified auditory speech signal.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Speech-reading: cognitive predictors and displayed emotion.

The present study had three aims: to examine the effects of displayed emotion and message length on speech-reading performance, and how measures of working memory (cf. Baddeley 1986) and verbal information processing speed relate to speech-reading performance. Words and sentences with either positive or negative meaning were used in a word decoding and a sentence-based speech-reading test. A total of 48 normal-hearing subjects participated. The results revealed general effects of displayed emotion, message meaning and message length and no effect of displayed emotion vs message length. Furthermore, working memory but not verbal information processing speed nor accuracy predicted speech-reading performance. The results were discussed with respect to a model of face-processing (Bruce & Young 1986) and with respect to clinical implications.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Facial expressions and speechreading performance.

In the present study, the role of facial expressions in visual speechreading (lipreading) was examined. Speechreading was assessed by three different tests: sentence-based speechreading, word-decoding, and word discrimination. Twenty-seven individuals participated as subjects in the study. The results revealed that no general improvement as a function of expression was obtained across all tests. Nevertheless, skilled speechreaders could significantly improve their performance as a function of emotional expression in the word-decoding and word-discrimination conditions. Furthermore, a correlational analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between the subjects' rating of confidence regarding their responses to each test-item and performance on speechreading tests where lexical analysis is a necessary task-demand. The results are discussed with respect to how information from facial expressions is integrated with the information given by the lip movements in visual speechreading, and also with respect to general models of face-processing (i.e., Bruce & Young, 1986; Young & Bruce, 1991).

Adult↗