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Biomedical subjects

B Liljenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Liljenberg.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The effects of chlormethiazole in EEG recorded sleep in normal elderly volunteers.

Chlormethiazole has sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties, and is used in the treatment of sleep disorders and confusion in the elderly. In this study we examined the effects of chlormethiazole on EEG recorded sleep in six normal volunteers aged 67-74 years. After baseline registration, chlormethiazole (base), 384 mg p.o. (i.e. 2 capsules), was administered during 5 nights followed by one withdrawal registration. Sleep latency decreased from 52 to 27 min during the treatment period (P less than 0.01) and increased to 57 min during withdrawal. Wakeful periods during sleep decreased from 106 to 62 min during the treatment period and increased during withdrawal to 104 min (P less than 0.001). The sleep efficiency improved slightly during chlormethiazole treatment. The distribution of the sleep stages was essentially unaffected by chlormethiazole. According to subjective assessment the subjects rated their ability to fall asleep and their sleep quality as significantly better during the drug period. Based on sleep recordings and subjective ratings, there was no evidence of rebound insomnia on withdrawal. Psychoperformance tests revealed no evidence of hangover effects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Sampling of subgingival microbiota for dark-field microscopy.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the validity of 2 different methods of sampling the subgingival microbiota. The composition of the flora was estimated using the dark-field microscope. Subgingival samples were obtained using either a curette or a Hamilton microsyringe for a subgingival washing. The method of determination of the composition of the subgingival microorganisms was found to be very reproducible when the same investigator performed the counting. Samples obtained by the washing technique had a slight but significantly higher proportion of coccoid cells when compared to samples obtained by curette. The calculation of the reproducibility of the washing technique as assessed in 6 immediately repeated samples from the same sites yielded a coefficient of variation of 40% for spirochetes and motile rods. When 9 repeated samples from each of 28 sites (14 with a curette, 14 with washing) were studied over a period of 32 days, no systemic alterations were observed in the % of spirochetes and motile rods. The variation within each individual site was high. For curette samples and washing samples, the coefficients of variation for spirochetes and motile rods were 85% and 63%, respectively. The present investigation clearly demonstrated that care should be taken in the interpretation of single samples of subgingival microbiota. A more relevant picture of the actual situation is achieved when trends of repeated samples over time are studied.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

Recolonization of a subgingival microbiota following scaling in deep pockets.

The present investigation was carried out to study some aspects of the recolonization of a subgingival microbiota following subgingival instrumentation in sites with deep pockets. 16 patients were recruited for the study. From each patient 4 inflamed gingival sites with deep pockets were selected. These sites were examined for plaque, overt gingivitis, bleeding on probing and probing depth. Samples of the subgingival microbiota were obtained and examined in the darkfield microscope and in a Neubauer chamber. Following the Baseline examination the teeth of all 4 jaw quadrants were carefully scaled and planed. Subgingival instrumentation was carried out under local anesthesia and required between 2-4 appointments. The patients were subsequently divided into 2 groups (Groups A and B) consisting of 9 and 7 subjects, respectively. During the first 16 weeks of maintenance the patients of Group A were not supervised regarding their self-performed plaque control measures and they accumulated supragingival plaque. The patients of Group B, however, were during these 16 weeks recalled once every 2 weeks for professional tooth cleaning. In addition they rinsed twice daily with a 0.2% solution of chlorhexidine digluconate. Reexaminations including assessments of the same parameters as those studied at Baseline were performed after 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. After the 16-week examination the patients of Group A received a new sequence of subgingival scaling and root planing. During the subsequent 16 weeks the patients of Group A were also recalled for professional tooth cleaning. They were reexamined 18, 20, 24, 28 and 32 weeks after the Baseline examination. Subgingival scaling followed by carefully supervised oral hygiene measures resulted in a marked improvement of periodontal conditions. This improvement was accompanied by a pronounced and sustained reduction in the motile segments of the subgingival microbiota. In the presence of supragingival plaque (Group A), however, a subgingival microbiota containing large numbers of spirochetes and motile rods was soon (4-8 weeks) reestablished. A small number of sites with deep pockets (greater than or equal to 8 mm) was not substantially reduced in depth following subgingival instrumentation. In these sites which were kept free from supragingival deposits a subgingival microbiota with a large proportion of motile bacteria soon recurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. Results after 5 years.

The present investigation was performed to study the effect on localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) of a treatment program which included tetracycline administration, surgical elimination of inflamed tissues, scaling and root planing, and careful plaque control during healing. Treatment of LJP lesions was carried out on 16 individuals aged 14 to 18 years (JP group). Lesions in first molars and incisors in a group of patients with adult periodontal disease (AP) were treated in an identical manner and served as controls. The presence of angular bony defects adjacent to first molars and incisors was first documented in all patients. Thereafter, a clinical examination was carried out, including assessments of oral hygiene status, gingival conditions, probing depths and attachment levels. The patients were subjected to a treatment program involving administration of tetracycline (250 mg 4 times per day for 2 weeks), removal of granulation tissue after flap elevation, and root curettage. After surgery, the patients were instructed to rinse the mouth with 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 min twice a day during the first 2 postsurgical weeks. Professional tooth cleaning was carried out once every 3 months during a 5-year period. At 6, 12, 24 and 60 months after surgical treatment, the patients were re-examined regarding oral hygiene, gingival conditions, probing depths and attachment levels. Treatment of LJP lesions resulted in resolution of gingival inflammation, gain of clinical attachment, and refill of bone in angular bony defects. The healing of the lesions of this patient sample was similar to healing observed in patients with AP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

On the presence of autoreceptors on dopamine neurons in different brain regions.

The alpha-methyltyrosine-induced disappearance of dopamine was inhibited by the selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist B-HT 920 in the corpus striatum, the nucleus accumbens, the olfactory tubercle, the limbic cortex, and the rostral part of the cerebral cortex of the rat. These inhibitory actions of B-HT 920 were almost completely reversed by the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol, indicating that they were caused by a stimulation of dopamine autoreceptors. In the caudal cortex and the cerebellum, the effects of B-HT 920 and haloperidol were less clear, perhaps due to a low concentration of dopamine and to the occurrence of this dopamine in both dopamine and noradrenaline neurons. In the hypothalamus, B-HT 920 and haloperidol did not change the alpha-methyltyrosine-induced disappearance of dopamine in agreement with previous findings that the tubero-infundibular dopamine neurons are not regulated via dopamine receptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1983

Demonstration of autoreceptors on dopamine neurons in different brain regions of rats treated with gammabutyrolactone.

Following interruption of the nerve impulse flow in the dopamine neurons by treatment with gammabutyrolactone, the selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist B-HT 920 reduced the DOPA accumulation after DOPA decarboxylase inhibition and the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration in the corpus striatum, the nucleus accumbens, the olfactory tubercle, the limbic cortex and the rostral part of the cerebral cortex of rats. The effects were completely inhibited by the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol, indicating that they were caused by stimulation of dopamine autoreceptors. In the caudal part of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum, B-HT 920 somewhat reduced the concentration of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid via a haloperidol-sensitive mechanism, suggesting that there are a few dopamine neurons with autoreceptors in these regions. No evidence was obtained for the presence of autoreceptors on the dopamine neurons in the hypothalamus. The gammabutyrolactone-induced elevation of the dopamine concentration was not reduced by B-HT 920 in any region, suggesting that this effect of gammabutyrolactone was caused by decreased release rather than increased synthesis of dopamine under our experimental circumstances.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Morphometric analysis of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions in root-filled teeth.

The cell distribution and the tissue composition of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions were analyzed from seventeen biopsies of root-filled maxillary canines and incisors. The specimens, which included the root tip, the soft granulation tissue, and portions of the surrounding alveolar bone, were subjected to a stereologic analysis based on morphometric point-counting procedures. Plasma cells and lymphocytes were found in large numbers (about 40 percent of the tissue volume) in areas close to the apical foramen. The number of fibroblasts and blast cells was comparatively low in this zone. Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and mast cells accounted each for 1 to 2 percent of the infiltrated tissue volume. With increasing distance from the apex, the tissue examined harbored a decreasing number of inflammatory cells but an increased volume of noninfiltrated connective tissue. It was concluded that long-standing periapical lesions of root-filled teeth had many features in common with those of advanced inflammatory lesions of the marginal periodontium.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1983

Effect of long-term tetracycline therapy on human periodontal disease.

The present investigation was performed to study the effect of long-term, low dosage tetracycline therapy on advanced periodontal disease in humans. 14 volunteers participated in the trial. Each of the participants had at least 4 pairs of diseased sites around contralateral premolars and incisors with deep pockets and advanced bone loss. The trial extended over a 50-week period and was designed as a double-blind split-mouth study. A Baseline examination included assessments of oral hygiene, gingival conditions, probing depth, attachment level and analysis of the composition of the subgingival microbiota in samples obtained from 8 selected diseased sites. All participants received oral hygiene instruction. In each patient 2 quadrants of the mouth, chosen at random, were treated by scaling and root planing. The 2 remaining quadrants were left unscaled. Following the Baseline examination the patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups of 7 members each. In one of the groups the patients received tetracycline on a daily basis during a 50-week period. The participants of the control group received placebo. Reexaminations were performed 2, 10, 20, 30 and 50 weeks after the Baseline examination. The findings demonstrated that in patients with advanced periodontal disease long-term tetracycline therapy in the absence of scaling resulted in the establishment of a subgingival microbiota almost devoid of motile bacteria and in markedly reduced signs of gingivitis, probing depth and attachment loss. In fact, the alterations observed as a result of tetracycline administration to patients with excellent self-performed plaque control were similar to those obtained by conventional scaling and root planing in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of temazepam and temazepam-ethanol on sleep.

The effects of temazepam 20 mg and temazepam 20 mg plus whisky 100 ml on sleep and performance were investigated in 5 healthy volunteers in comparison with placebo. In the sleep laboratory, after temazepam there was a trend for reduction of sleep latency, stage wake and stage 1 sleep, and for an increase in REM sleep. The addition of alcohol to the regimen reduced the sleep latency still further, and diminished REM sleep. In subjective assessments, temazepam received the highest score for quality of sleep and the temazepam/alcohol combination that for ease of falling asleep. None of the observed changes reached statistical significance. No morning hangover, as measured by effects on wakefulness, performance or affective state, was seen after the combined treatment. Its effect on blood pressure was negligible. It is concluded that the combined administration of temazepam and alcohol in the doses used here does not result in excessive additive, but in moderate pharmacological effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Juvenile periodontitis. Some microbiological, histopathological and clinical characteristics.

The microflora of periodontal pockets and some histopathological characteristics of adjacent tissues from individuals with clinical signs of juvenile periodontitis were studied. Adult individuals with ordinary, rapidly advancing periodontitis served as controls. All of the patients had been referred for specialist treatment. Using criteria defined by Baer (19z1), the patients were assigned to one juvenile periodontitis (eight patients), one post-juvenile periodontitis (seven patients) and one adult periodontitis group (seven patients). Only lesions around the first molars and central incisors were studied. Bacterial samples were obtained from each site and were examined by darkfield microscopy and different morphological forms identified. The soft tissue of the diseased sites was excised. The biopsies were placed in a fixative, cut in 1-mm-thick blocks and embedded in Epon. In semithin sections the infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) was identified and the ICT portion further processed for electron microscopy. The numeric and volumetric densities of different cells and structures of the ICT were determined using a morphometric point-counting procedure. The results showed that juvenile periodontitis lesions are associated with a subgingival microflora, the composition of which is different from that of adult periodontitis. Thus, in patients belonging to the adult periodontitis and post-juvenile periodontitis groups, motile microorganisms dominated the subgingival plaque samples, whereas deep pockets in juvenile periodontitis lesions contained a flora dominated by coccoid cells and straight non-motile rods. The most pronounced difference in the composition of ICT between the juvenile on one hand and the post-juvenile and adult periodontitis lesions on the other, was related to the amount of extracellular structures. Thus, in post-juvenile and adult periodontitis lesions, collagen and residual tissue made up around 50% of the infiltrate. In the juvenile periodontitis lesions, however, extracellular structures occupied only around 20% of the volume. In the ICT of the juvenile periodontitis sites, around 70% of the volume was occupied by plasma cells and blast cells. The corresponding figures for the post-juvenile and adult periodontitis sites were 50 and 30%.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The soft tissue barrier at implants and teeth.

In the present animal experiment, analyses and comparisons were made between the structure and composition of clinically healthy supraalveolar soft tissues adjacent to implants and teeth. 5 beagle dogs were used. The right mandibular premolar region was selected in each dog for placement of titanium implants, while the left mandibular premolar region served as control. Extractions of the mandibular premolars were preformed, healing allowed, following which titanium fixtures were installed in the edentolous premolar region. Abutment connection was carried out 3 months later. After another 2 months of healing, plaque control was initiated and maintained for 8 weeks. At the end of the plaque control period, clinical examinations were performed and biopsies harvested from the implant site and the contralateral premolar tooth region. Following fixation and decalcification, all tissue samples were embedded in EPON and examined by histometric and morphometric means. The result from the analyses demonstrated that the periimplant mucosa which formed at titanium implants following abutment connection had many features in common with gingival tissue at teeth. Thus, like the gingiva, the peri-implant mucosa established a cuff-like barrier which adhered to the surface of the titanium abutment. Further, both the gingiva and the peri-implant mucosa had a well-keratinized oral epithelium which was continuous with a junctional epithelium that faced the enamel or the titanium surface. In the periimplant mucosa, the collagen fibers appeared to commence at the marginal bone and were parallel with the abutment surface. All gingival and periimplant units examined were free from infiltrates of inflammatory cells. It was suggested that under the conditions of study, both types of soft tissues, gingiva and periimplant mucosa, have a proper potential to prevent subgingival plaque formation.

Animals↗