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Biomedical subjects

B Lindmark

Publications and source records attributed to B Lindmark.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The isoelectric focusing pattern of desialylated alpha 1-antichymotrypsin of heterozygous alpha 1-antichymotrypsin deficiency and of acute phase plasma.

In an attempt to find a molecular marker for the putative abnormal allele in heterozygous alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) deficiency (a rare trait associated with early emphysema, childhood asthma and chronic "cryptogenic" liver disease) the isoelectric focusing pattern of neuraminidase treated plasma samples from subjects of ACT deficiency families as well as acute phase plasma were compared. There was no difference in the isoform pattern of plasma from ACT deficiency heterozygotes, normal subjects or patients with acute phase response. However, in acute phase plasma there was a disproportional increase in two isoforms, one of which conceivably may be used to mark the early phase of the acute phase response.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1990

Testing daily functions post-stroke with standardized practical equipment.

Two hundred and seven stroke patients were tested with Standardized Practical Equipment (SPE) three months after a stroke. One year after the stroke 183 survivors from this stroke population were tested with the equipment. The SPE test consists of 12 common daily activities, which the patient was asked to perform. The construct validity of SPE was estimated by factor analysis from the results of one-year follow-up. Three factors explained 82% of the variance of the 12 variables of SPE. Factor 1 mainly concerned cognitive factors and co-ordination, Factor 2 construction and hand function and Factor 3 variables that were dependent on mobility and balance. No significant difference was noted between the performance with SPE three months and one year after the stroke among the one-year survivors. There were some differences between men and women; for example the men were more successful in tasks with technical components. The women had more difficulty with some of the tasks involving mobility, such as climbing stairs without support. The Standardized Practical Equipment gave good additive information about the ability of a stroke patient to manage at home and could be used in any set-up.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

The microheterogeneity of desialylated alpha 1-antichymotrypsin: the occurrence of two amino-terminal isoforms, one lacking a His-Pro dipeptide.

ACT (alpha 1-antichymotrypsin), a serine antiproteinase with specificity against neutrophil cathepsin G, is homologous with alpha 1-antitrypsin, plasminogen activator inhibitor and angiotensinogen, all with known amino-terminal microheterogeneity. Here we report that the two predominant isoforms of desialylated ACT obtained on isoelectric focusing correspond to a microheterogeneity at the amino terminus of ACT: one isoform (His-Pro-Asn-Ser-Pro-) and a two residues shorter isoform (Asn-Ser-Pro-). The relative occurrence of the two isoforms was comparable both in normal plasma, acute-phase plasma and plasma from subjects with heterozygous familial ACT deficiency. When desialylated ACT, isolated by affinity chromatography from ACT-deficient, normal or acute-phase plasma, was compared with regard to mass and charge microheterogeneity, we found no significant differences in either respect. Nor was the isoform pattern of desialylated plasma from patients with rheumatoid arthritis different. Although the occurrence of heterozygous familial ACT deficiency implies genotypic variation, isolated ACT from patients with the trait was not found to exhibit any phenotypic variation detectable by standard electrophoretic methods.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Instrumental activities of daily living in two patient populations, three months and one year after a stroke.

The pattern of instrumental activities of daily living (I-ADL) such as household work, locomotion, psychosocial functions and intellectual activity was investigated in two groups of patients, three months and one year after a stroke. Group A (n = 78 at three months, n = 63 at one year) had received conventional care during the hospital period, while Group B (n = 129 at three months, n = 120 at one year) had taken part in a more individualised care programme. There was no difference in I-ADL performance between the two groups on the follow-up occasions according to interviews. The individualised care programme in the present study did not result in any significant differences in long-term functional improvements, although the mortality rate was somewhat lower in Group B. The patients of both groups were dependent to a large extent on somebody else in all activities except locomotion. Three-fourths of the patients, however, declared that they were satisfied with their health and life situation, in spite of their handicap.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of functional capacity after stroke with special emphasis on motor function and activities of daily living.

In a multidisciplinary study comprising 280 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (median age 76, range 30-96 years), instruments for functional assessment in stroke care were developed. The improvements of motor function and activities of daily living were investigated during a period of up to one year after a stroke. A new chart for motor capacity assessment, which includes both the paretic and the non-paretic side, modified after that of Fugl-Meyer et al, was tested for its reliability and validity. At the same time the Activity Index of Hamrin & Wohlin was further tested. The internal consistency reliability measured with the standardized item alpha method confirmed that the two instruments have high homogeneity. Construct validity was investigated by factor analysis and showed a logical structure. The predictive validity of the scores on admission was significant and the two tools had a satisfactory predictive capacity for survival and later functional outcome. The improvements in different motor functions were followed up for up to one year after the stroke among the 183 one-year survivors. In patients with minor impairment, the improvement occurred mostly during the first week. Patients with moderate or moderately severe impairment improved more continuously for up to three months, while the few surviving patients with very severe impairment continued to recover to some extent even after three months. Older patients with severe functional loss seemed to improve more slowly and not as well as younger patients with equivalent impairment. The patterns of instrumental activities of daily living (I-ADL), such as household work, locomotion, psychosocial functions and intellectual activities, were investigated in the 207 three-month survivors and the 183 one-year survivors. At both the three-month and the one-year follow-ups the scores had decreased considerably, compared with before the stroke, for all activities except locomotion, and many patients were dependent on somebody else for help. The same group of patients was also examined by a Standardized Practical Equipment (SPE) test constructed by Tömquist three months and one year after the stroke. The construct validity of the SPE test was estimated through factor analysis. Three factors emerged, one concerning mainly cognitive factors and co-ordination, one concerning hand function and one concerning mainly mobility and balance. The instruments developed in the course of this study have proved to be reliable and valid, and useful in assessing functional losses and following progress. The tools are well suited for any clinical settings and for home care examinations as well as research.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of functional capacity after stroke as a basis for active intervention. Presentation of a modified chart for motor capacity assessment and its reliability.

For patients with cerebrovascular disease a chart for motor capacity assessment modified after that of Fugl-Meyer et al. has been developed. The chart comprises assessment of the ability to perform active movements and rapid movement changes, mobility, balance, sensation, joint pain and passive range of motion. Both the paretic and the non-paretic sides are evaluated. An internal consistency reliability test was performed, using the standardized item alpha coefficient calculated from the values of 231 patients with stroke on admission. The coefficients were between 0.84 and 0.99 for all the different parts of the chart, except for pain, for which they were somewhat lower. This confirms that the chart and its different parts have high homogeneity and that the test situations were adequate. Bilateral evaluation provides important information on the functional ability, especially when the "non-paretic" side is also impaired.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of functional capacity after stroke as a basis for active intervention. Validation of a modified chart for motor capacity assessment.

A chart for assessing motor capacity after acute stroke modified after Fugl-Meyer et al. (3) has been constructed. Construct validity was investigated by factor analysis performed on admission values of 231 patients with acute stroke. Three factors representing upper and lower extremity function and standing leg movements, respectively, explained 90-92% of the variance of the variables. On estimation of the convergent/concurrent validity by the Spearman's rank-difference correlation method, high coefficients were found between the modified chart and the other main instruments used in the study. The predictive validity of the motor scoring on admission was significant. In addition, functional group on admission gave some information concerning what type of care the patients might need after discharge. The modified chart for assessment of motor capacity has proved to be a valid tool with a satisfactory predictive capacity for survival and the outcome of the motor function.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1986

A Swedish family with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, haemochromatosis, haemoglobinopathy D and early death in liver cirrhosis.

We report a unique family with chronic liver disease associated with three different inborn errors, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary haemochromatosis and haemoglobinopathy Hb-D Punjab. The probability of acquiring these three rare genes is less than 1/10(9). In one generation 4 of 5 individuals have died of liver failure between 51 and 63 years of age.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Lack of association between hemochromatosis and alpha-antitrypsin deficiency.

alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency of phenotype PiZ and idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH) predispose to the development of cirrhosis and liver cell carcinoma. Several reports have suggested an association between these two inborn errors. To elucidate this question we used a monoclonal antibody against the PiZ gentic variant of AAT to analyze and compare the PiZ gene frequency in an area (county of Jämtland in Central Sweden) with a high, and another area (the city of Malmö in Southern Sweden) with a low IH prevalence. The PiZ gene frequencies did not differ between the areas. We also analyzed sera from 27 unrelated adult males with hemochromatosis diagnosed in the high IH area for the presence of the PiZ gene product but none was a carrier of the PiZ allele. These findings strongly refute any association between. AAT deficiency and IH.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Familial alpha 1-antichymotrypsin deficiency.

We studied patients and their relatives with partial deficiency, approximately 50% of normal plasma levels, of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), an acute phase reactant with anti-cathepsin G activity. Six of eight ACT deficient individuals, over 25 years of age, had liver and three of eight lung manifestations, varying from severe disease to subtle laboratory abnormalities. The ACT of deficient individuals (who are heterozygotes for a rare gene, q = 0.003) had normal crossed immunoelectrophoretic properties. The abnormal gene is inherited in an autosomal, dominant way. The results suggest that deficiency of this antiprotease, which also has immune response modulating properties, may predispose to liver and lung disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Regional differences in the idiopathic hemochromatosis gene frequency in Sweden.

Screening for idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH) in 941 men, 55 years of age, did not reveal any individual with both biochemical abnormalities and liver iron content compatible with homozygosity for the IH gene. In a large autopsy series of 8 834 males representative of southern Sweden, we found classical hemochromatosis in 0.1%. The results are in contrast with the high frequency of homozygous IH found in the county of Jämtland in central Sweden. We suggest that the difference in gene frequency is a result of enrichment of the recessive IH gene in the Jämtland population by the mechanisms of sampling and drift. We conclude that population screening for early IH in southern Sweden is not worthwhile.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1978

Choline acetyltransferase activity in postganglionic parasympathetic nerves after "pharmacological decentralization".

The ganglion blocking drug chlorisondamine given frequently and in gradually increasing doses over a period of time to adult rats causes the activity of choline acetyltransferase to fall in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves of parotid glands. Such a "pharmacologically" decentralized gland was also found to have lost weight and to have developed a supersensitivity to chemical stimuli. All these phenomena are thought to be consequences of loss or reduction of secretory impulses from the central nervous system due to impaired ganglionic transmission.

Animals↗