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Biomedical subjects

B Lindquist

Publications and source records attributed to B Lindquist.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

The toothpick method in relation to other plaque sampling techniques for evaluating mutans streptococci.

The aim of the present study was to compare the use of toothpicks with other sampling methods for determination of mutans streptococci on different tooth surfaces. In nine persons with > 10(5) CFU per ml saliva of mutans streptococci, plaque samples were taken from 90 buccal and lingual surfaces, 108 occlusal surfaces and 90 approximal surfaces with toothpicks. The prevalence of mutans streptococci on these tooth surfaces was compared with samples taken at four 1-week intervals on the same tooth surfaces with a carver (buccal/lingual surfaces), a needle (occlusal surfaces) or a dental floss (approximal surfaces). Each sample was plated on MSB agar and the presence of mutans streptococci was expressed on a scale varying from 0 to 4. On two of the sampling occasions the amount of plaque, mirrored by total viable counts on blood agar, was also determined. Only for buccal/lingual plaque samples was a difference in total counts between methods noted and then with higher total recoveries obtained after sampling with toothpicks. More surfaces were found to be positive for mutans streptococci when samples were taken with a toothpick than with a carver, needle or floss. On surfaces positive for mutans streptococci the colonization score was higher in samples taken with a toothpick than with a carver or a needle while samples taken with a floss showed a tendency to higher levels of mutans streptococci than samples collected with a toothpick. The data indicate that the results indicate that the results obtained by using toothpicks for evaluating the prevalence of mutans streptococci on individual tooth surfaces compare favorably with the other methods tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease: epidemiology and clinical spectrum before large-scale H. influenzae type b vaccination.

In a prospective study between January 1987 and December 1992, 103 patients with invasive Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) infection were identified in a well-defined population before large-scale Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination was introduced. The incidence (case/100,000/year) of invasive Hi infection was 5.9 for the whole population, 55 for children 0-4 years old and as high as 2.8 for adults. Hib was the predominant cause of the infection (83 cases) in children but, in adults, 13/39 (30%) cases were caused by non-typable Hi and 6/39 (19%) by Hi serotype f. Three patients (3%) died and 6 (5.8%) suffered a permanent sequel from the infection. All patients with such a sequel had invasive Hib infection. No significant difference between patients 0-6 years old and matched controls regarding the frequency of subnormal serum levels of immunoglobulins was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Crevicular IgG antibodies and recovery of Streptococcus mutans implanted by mouthrinsing.

After challenge with a streptomycin-resistant strain of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a tendency to higher recovery of S. mutans was found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from surfaces with a low IgG antibody activity against S. mutans than in GCF from surfaces with a high antibody activity. This suggests that antibodies in GCF may interfere with the establishment of S. mutans on gingival tooth surfaces. In GCF collected from some sites, considerably higher IgG antibody activity was observed than in homologous serum, indicating that part of the IgG response to S. mutans was locally derived.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increasing incidence of childhood coeliac disease in Sweden. Results of a national study.

A survey of the incidence of coeliac disease was carried out by asking all 43 paediatric departments in Sweden to report the number of children born between 1978 and 1987 in whom coeliac disease had been diagnosed. Thirty-four departments representing a population of 7.18 million reported 1944 cases of coeliac disease among 804,935 children born between 1978 and 1987. The cumulative incidence of coeliac disease was 1.7 per 1000 live births in children born between 1978 and 1982 and doubled to 3.5 per 1000 live births in children born after 1982. The highest incidence was found in the southern and south-eastern regions of the country. The observed increase may have been influenced by changes in infant feeding practices such as the postponed age of introduction of gluten from four to six months of age and an increase in gluten content of proprietary baby foods.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1991

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents in Sweden.

The incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children was established during 1984 and 1985 in a prospective study in Sweden. The patients with IBD were classified as having ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), probable Crohn's disease (PCD), and indeterminate colitis (IC) according to defined histopathologic, endoscopic, and radiologic criteria. The study covered 1.51 million children less than 16 years of age (93% of all children in Sweden). The incidence of IBD was 5.0 and 4.5 and the prevalence was 17.6 and 18.2 per 100,000 children during the 2 years, respectively. The mean prevalence of UC was 7.5 per 100,000 and of CD + PCD was 6.2 per 100,000. The prevalence of IC was 4.2 per 100,000, which corresponds to 23% of the children with IBD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Interactions between and within Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus isolated from humans harboring both species.

The prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus was examined in plaque samples from small discrete areas of the buccal tooth surfaces of seven subjects. Strains of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were isolated and tested for bacteriocin-mediated interactions between and within the two species, using the stab inoculation technique. S. mutans and S. sobrinus did not colonize each tooth surface uniformly and, in plaque from small discrete sites, S. mutans and S. sobrinus were either undetected or present in different interspecies proportions. Within the same subject, there were no bacteriocin-mediated interactions between strains of the same mutans species and no difference in bacteriocin activity was found between the strains of S. mutans and S. sobrinus from different sites. When bacteriocin interactions were tested between isolated strains from all seven subjects a somewhat higher inhibition ability was found for producer strains isolated from plaque compared with those isolated from saliva. S. mutans appeared to be more bacteriocinogenic than S. sobrinus. Replacing the glucose in the medium with sucrose enhanced the bacteriocin activity of S. mutans towards other S. mutans strains but reduced the inhibitory interaction towards strains of S. sobrinus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Dental location of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in humans harboring both species.

The distribution and prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were determined in plaque samples from the cervical areas of all buccal, lingual and approximal tooth surfaces and from the fissures of all occlusal sites in 40 subjects harboring both species. S. mutans was detected more often and in higher numbers than S. sobrinus. There were more teeth detected with S. mutans only than with S. sobrinus only. Most teeth harbored both of these mutans streptococci species, indicating a positive association. The highest numbers of CFU for both species were detected on the molars, with the lowest incidence on the anterior teeth. The presence of S. mutans was relatively similar on all teeth tested, while the presence of S. sobrinus was relatively higher on the molars compared to the anterior teeth. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were found to colonize the buccal surfaces in almost equal numbers. On all other surfaces, S. mutans was detected more frequently or in higher numbers compared to S. sobrinus. No significant differences could be found in the relative proportions of S. mutans and S. sobrinus between sound, decayed or filled tooth surfaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The effect of protein-energy malnutrition and refeeding on the adherence of Salmonella typhimurium to small intestinal mucosa and isolated enterocytes in rats.

The adherence of fimbriated (Fim+) and nonfimbriated (Fim-) strains of Salmonella typhimurium to both isolated intestinal epithelial cells and intact intestinal mucosa of healthy and malnourished rats was investigated. Fim+ strains bound in significantly higher numbers than did Fim- strains to enterocytes isolated either from healthy or malnourished rats. Adherence to intact intestinal mucosa in situ was demonstrable with both Fim+ and Fim- bacteria, but Fim+ strains were preferred because they showed approximately twofold higher numbers of adhered bacteria compared to Fim- strains. Additionally, bacterial adherence to intact mucosa in situ was consistently higher in well-fed controls than in malnourished rats. Ultrastructural studies revealed marked cell destruction and lysis in malnourished rats, whereas no histological change was detected in the mucosa of control animals. These results suggest that malnutrition may lead to altered intestinal cell surfaces, thus increasing their susceptibility to infection through mechanisms that are different from adherence.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distribution and prevalence of mutans streptococci in the human dentition.

The prevalence of mutans streptococci was determined in 14,859 samples of plaque from all available tooth surfaces in 114 subjects. The clinical examination included location of incipient caries lesions, fillings, and crowns. Mutans streptococci were detected on 40% of all tooth surfaces. The frequency distribution of mutans streptococci and the level of colonization showed a decreasing gradient from molars to incisors for buccal, lingual, occlusal, and approximal surfaces. The location and number of approximal restorations were closely related to the colonization level of mutans streptococci except for second and third molars. Restored surfaces tended to be more colonized by mutans streptococci than sound surfaces, except for occlusal surfaces. A high prevalence of mutans streptococci was found in plaque samples from tooth-colored fillings, especially on buccal and lingual surfaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between mutans streptococci in saliva and their colonization of the tooth surfaces.

The relationship between the salivary concentration of mutans streptococci and their prevalence on different tooth surfaces was studied in 114 subjects. Plaque samples were obtained from all tooth surfaces in the dentition and the infection magnitude of mutans streptococci was determined. The salivary concentrations of mutans streptococci correlated significantly with the number of colonized tooth surfaces and with the infection level of mutans streptococci for individual teeth or groups of tooth surfaces. The highest correlation values were found for buccal and approximal surfaces and for molars followed by premolars and anterior teeth. The 10 tooth surfaces best reflecting the salivary levels of mutans streptococci were 5 buccal and 5 approximal sites, 6 of them localized on maxillary posterior teeth. A significant positive relationship was noted between the prevalence of mutans streptococci in saliva and on the dorsum of the tongue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of different carriers preventive measures in children highly infected with mutans streptococci.

The caries preventive effect of topical application of fluoride varnish (Duraphat), ferric-aluminum-fluoride solution (FeAlF) and chlorhexidine gel was compared in 2-yr clinical study. Children with more than 10(6) mutans steptococci per ml saliva were selected and a total of 189 13-yr-old children participated in the study. The children in the fluoride groups were treated every third month with either Duraphat or FeAlF-solution. In the chlorhexidine group children with more than 2.5 x 10(5) mutans streptococci per ml of saliva were treated every third month. The mean number of new decayed and filled tooth surfaces was 3.06 in the chlorhexidine group, 5.88 in the Duraphat group, 5.33 in the FeAlF group, and 6.34 in the control group. Thus supervised antimicrobial treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of dental (caries) in children with high numbers of mutans streptococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Recolonization of human tooth surfaces by Streptococcus mutans after suppression by chlorhexidine treatment.

In eight subjects who were initially highly colonized with Streptococcus mutans and who used a 1% chlorhexidine gel, the numbers of this organism were suppressed in both plaque and saliva. Bacterial plaque samples were obtained from all tooth surfaces, and the recolonization pattern of S. mutans was studied over a 26-week period. At baseline, 83% of all surfaces harbored S. mutans with buccal surfaces colonized in higher frequency than the others. After chlorhexidine treatment, the proportion of tooth surfaces colonized by S. mutans was reduced to a low level. Re-appearance was slow. S. mutans was first recovered from the most posterior teeth in the mouth, the molar surfaces were recolonized earlier than were those of pre-molars and anterior teeth, and the buccal surfaces were recolonized more readily than were the other tooth surfaces. The data show that there is a specific recolonization pattern of S. mutans after chlorhexidine treatment, and that the re-emergence of S. mutans is most probably due to regrowth of bacteria which have not been eradicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Identification of the 11,12-dihydro-11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene as a major metabolite produced by the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum.

Benzo(a)pyrene metabolites were isolated after incubation of [14C]-benzo(a)pyrene with the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum. A significant amount of radioactivity chromatographed in the dihydrodiol region which did not coelute with any of the previously identified dihydrodiol metabolites isolated from this system. Following characterization by mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and high pressure liquid chromatography, this metabolite was identified as the cis-11,12-dihydro-11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. This metabolite has not been identified previously as a metabolite formed in a plant system.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗
PubMed1985

Effects of adjuvants to local anaesthetics on their duration. II. Studies of some substituted dextrans and other macromolecules in rat infraorbital nerve block.

The effects of adding various macromolecular substances to 2% prilocaine on duration of rat infraorbital nerve block were investigated. The tested substances consisted of dextrans with lipophilic or charged substituents as well as other neutral or highly charged macromolecules. Most of the adjuvants caused significant prolongations of sensory block. For substituted dextrans the duration of sensory block degree 3 amounted to between 120% (3% capryldextran II) and 350% (3% carboxymethyldextran) in comparison to prilocaine plain. The corresponding values for hydroxypropylstarch (3%) alginic acid (0.5%), beta-cyclodextrin (1.5%) and hyaluronic acid (0.25%) were about 170%, 285% and 380%, respectively. The results suggest that the increased duration of local analgesia by prilocaine is related to increased viscosity of the solution produced by the macromolecular compounds. The mechanism seems to be of a physical character, and hyaluronic acid seems to be worthy of further studies.

Alginates↗