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Biomedical subjects

B Love

Publications and source records attributed to B Love.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A sea-floor spreading event captured by seismometers.

Two-thirds of Earth's surface is formed at mid-ocean ridges, yet sea-floor spreading events are poorly understood because they occur far beneath the ocean surface. At 9 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise, ocean-bottom seismometers recently recorded the microearthquake character of a mid-ocean ridge eruption, including precursory activity. A gradual ramp-up in activity rates since seismic monitoring began at this site in October 2003 suggests that eruptions may be forecast in the fast-spreading environment. The pattern culminates in an intense but brief (approximately 6-hour) inferred diking event on 22 January 2006, followed by rapid tapering to markedly decreased levels of seismicity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Nurses begin a national plan for the integration of supportive care in health research, practice, and policy.

The demand for and use of health, social, and other human services is related not to the type or severity of disease but rather to a person's socio-economic, cognitive, and emotional characteristics and environmental circumstances. A workshop on supportive care was held to promote a robust research environment, the creation of new knowledge, the setting of an integrated health research agenda, a focusing of attention on the evolving health-care system, and anticipation of emerging health challenges. While the workshop was intended to address a research mandate for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, a larger vision emerged, to include advocacy, information system, surveillance, and policy development required by institutional, community, voluntary, private sector, family caregiver, and provider systems. The development of a national supportive care strategy will enable Canadians with disease and disability to live with all of their challenges, and could engage researchers, clinicians, advocacy groups, and people experiencing major health challenges.

Canada↗
PubMed2001

Female sensitivity to diet and irradiation treatments underlies sex-mortality differentials in the Mediterranean fruit fly.

Large-scale experiments on medflies that were subjected to sterilizing doses of ionizing radiation (plus intact controls) and maintained on either sugar-only or full, protein-enriched diets revealed that, whereas the mortality trajectories of both intact and irradiated male cohorts maintained on both diets are similar, the mortality patterns of females are highly variable. Mean mortality rates at 35 days in male cohorts ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 but in female cohorts ranged from 0.09 to 0.35, depending on treatment. The study reports three main influences: (a) qualitative differences exist in the sex-mortality response of medflies subjected to dietary manipulations and irradiation; (b) the female mortality response is linked to increased vulnerability due to the nutritional demands of reproduction; and (c) female sensitivity to environmental changes underlies the dynamics of the sex-mortality differential.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Food insecurity is positively related to overweight in women.

Although individuals with poor food security might be expected to have reduced food intake, and thus reduced body fat and less likelihood of being overweight, these associations have not been adequately studied. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between food insecurity and overweight as measured by body mass index (BMI) using data from the nationally representative 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). Overweight was defined as BMI >27.3 kg/m(2) for women and 27.8 kg/m(2) for men. Food insecurity was related to overweight status for women (n = 4509, P < 0.0001), but not for men (n = 4970, P = 0.44). Excluding the 11 severely insecure women, the prevalence of overweight among women increased as food insecurity increased, from 34% for those who were food secure (n = 3447), to 41% for those who were mildly food insecure (n = 966) and to 52% for those who were moderately food insecure (n = 86). Food insecurity remained a significant predictor of overweight status, after adjustment for potentially confounding demographic and lifestyle variables (P < 0.01). In a logistic regression analysis, mildly insecure women were 30% more likely to be overweight than those who were food secure [odds ratio (OR) 1.3, P = 0.005]. Thus, food insecurity had an unexpected and paradoxical association with overweight status among women with a higher prevalence of overweight among the food insecure, and a resulting potential for increased incidence of obesity-related chronic diseases. Given that the rates of both overweight and food insecurity are on the rise, this research area warrants further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Diagnostic and operative microlaparoscopy: a preliminary multicentre report.

Microlaparoscopes have been evaluated for minimally invasive laparoscopy using minimal anaesthesia or analgesia since our preliminary report on microlaparoscopy in 1993. This international multicentre report of safety and efficacy of diagnostic and operative microlaparoscopy was completed to evaluate the role of microlaparoscopy in a wide spectrum of gynaecological indications, diagnoses of pelvic and tubal disease, tubal occlusion and assisted reproduction. A total of 408 patients from seven centres around the world were included in this report. Of the 164 patients who underwent microlaparoscopy under local analgesia only three patients (1.8%) converted to i.v. sedation because of pain intolerance. All 71 patients who underwent microlaparoscopy under i.v. sedation as planned tolerated the procedure with acceptable pain level perception. Only one abdominal wall minor bleeding and one uterine wall minor bleeding were recorded in the remaining 173 patients who underwent microlaparoscopy under general anaesthesia. Visualization of the pelvic organs was sufficient in all 408 cases for diagnosis and treatment of selected pelvic pathology. We concluded, based on this sizeable microlaparoscopy series, that this outpatient procedure can replace large diameter laparoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of various pelvic conditions. Microlaparoscopy can safely replace large diameter laparoscopy in motivated patients who require minor operative procedures such as tubal occlusion, minor adhesiolysis, tubal gamete or embryo transfers and fulguration of endometriotic implants. This series demonstrated that operative microlaparoscopy can be carried out under general anaesthesia, reducing to nil the potential damage of a large diameter tracer. Future improvements in i.v. sedation in combination with i.p. local anaesthesia will potentially eliminate the need for general anaesthesia in some of the patients undergoing minor operative microlaparoscopy.

Feasibility Studies↗
PubMed1997

Development and validation of a discriminative quality of life questionnaire for osteoporosis (the OPTQoL).

We report the development and validation of an osteoporosis-targeted quality of life questionnaire to measure the impact of the disease in the general population. From multiple focus groups with women with osteoporosis, healthy women at risk for osteoporosis, spouses and relatives of women with osteoporosis, and health care providers, we identified over 300 potential items related to the disease. A lengthy questionnaire incorporated these items and was administered to a second large study cohort of 222 women with clinical osteoporosis (history of fracture, significant height loss, and/or kyphosis); 101 women with known low bone mineral density levels that would categorize them as osteoporotic but who had not yet shown obvious physical manifestations of the disease; and 142 women with other conditions (such as arthritis, cancer, depression) expected to also have an impact on quality of life. Final items from among the original 300 were chosen for their demonstrated relationship with osteoporosis as measured by clinical manifestations and low bone density and with quality of life measured by a standard generic questionnaire, the SF-36. The final questionnaire contains 26 scored items in three domains-physical activity, adaptations, and fears- and six nonscored questions relating to osteoporotic changes and diagnosis. This instrument is unique among osteoporosis-targeted questionnaires in that it attempts to measure the total impact of the disease on quality of life within a population at a single point in time.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1997

Office laparoscopy under local anesthesia.

It is no secret that health care has changed, and we must change with it. As equipment and drugs become more sophisticated, surgical procedures are becoming less complicated to perform, and patients are experiencing less morbidity and mortality. Industry is continually addressing the product needs of surgeons who are or will be performing office laparoscopy under local anesthesia so that it can be done with the greatest of ease and safety. Therefore, the environment in which surgical procedures are performed should become less technically complicated as well. As hospitals are downsizing and more and more procedures are moving into outpatient and office settings, there is a tremendous opportunity for nurses to assume the challenge of OLULA and expand their horizons in a new direction. There is no better time for nurses to use the professional skills they were educated for, that is, to provide continuous bedside nursing care for patients undergoing office laparoscopy under local anesthesia while maintaining the perioperative skills that they have grown to love. For more information about office laparoscopy, contact the American Association of Office Endoscopy, 3088 Rosa Parks Avenue, Montgomery, AL, 36105. Telephone: (334) 262-0259.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1995

Fabrication and characterization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-attracting elastomeric material for joint replacements.

Wear debris associated with the polyethylene components of total joint replacements has been shown to induce bone resorption which contributes to implant loosening. In an effort to promote lubrication and reduce wear in artificial hip joints, the use of the cushion bearing concept has been proposed previously; however, an elastomeric material tested as a cushion bearing has been shown to have poor tribological properties during initiation of motion from rest. The goal of this project was to fabricate and characterize an elastomer that has the ability to attract to its surface naturally occurring boundary lubricants from an aqueous solution. The test elastomer and appropriate controls were characterized using fluorescence, electron spin resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The test elastomer was found to have an enhanced ability to attract dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, a known physiological boundary lubricant. A cushion bearing that also encourages boundary lubrication represents a potential improvement over currently existing orthopaedic implant-bearing materials.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1995

Clinical effectiveness of fluoride-releasing elastomers. II. Enamel microhardness levels.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fluoride-releasing elastomers on enamel microhardness levels. Sixteen teeth from four patients scheduled to have premolars extracted as part of their orthodontic treatment were examined in this study. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of the test teeth with a nonfluoridated adhesive. Two of the patients had fluoride-releasing elastomers placed on the right upper and lower brackets and conventional elastomers placed on the left side. This sequence was reversed for the remaining two patients. After 1 calendar month, the experimental teeth were extracted, sectioned, and embedded in acrylic. Microhardness tests were performed 50 to 75 microns cervical to the bracket. Indentations were taken at the surface and continued in 20 microns increments to a depth of 200 microns. Results showed the enamel was significantly harder (p < 0.05) in the fluoride group at the 20 microns depth compared with the control group. No other microhardness readings showed a statistically significant difference.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1989

Teaching psychomotor skills in nursing: a randomized control trial.

Historically, McMaster University School of Nursing in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada has utilized self-directed learning methods to teach psychomotor nursing skills to undergraduate nursing students. Second year students, in their post-clinical evaluations indicated a desire for a structured laboratory setting to assist them in acquiring these skills. In response, faculty designed a randomized control trial to compare the effectiveness of teaching psychomotor skills in a structured laboratory setting with self-directed self-taught modules. The results of this study substantiated the hypothesis of no difference between psychomotor skill performance of students who learn in a self-directed manner and those taught in a structured clinical laboratory.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1989

Psychomotor skills laboratories as self-directed learning: a study of nursing students' perceptions.

Fifty-nine baccalaureate nursing students were surveyed regarding their preferred method of learning psychomotor skills necessary for clinical practice. In addition, 12 faculty members were also asked to express their opinions of the best way for students to learn psychomotor skills. The use of a self-directed clinical laboratory was supported by both students and faculty in this study. Hands on and visual pre-clinical experiences with adequate equipment were the major factors influencing the students' requests for clinical laboratories. Faculty expressed the same concerns about equipment and human resources, but their support of the laboratory was tempered and based on the presence or absence of adequate human resources and equipment available to students in the clinical setting.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1989

Management of supracondylar fractures of the femur with Zickel supracondylar nails.

Twenty-one cases of supracondylar fracture of the femur treated at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, during 1983-86, by intramedullary Zickel supracondylar nails were reviewed. The causes were high energy trauma in young patients (six), minor trauma in elderly patients (13), and metastatic malignant fracture (two). The functional results were considered excellent in 10, good in six and poor in five. There were two cases of superficial wound infection. All cases united after 3-6 months. The best functional results were in those patients below 60 years or with pathological fractures. It is concluded that internal fixation of supracondylar fractures of the femur with Zickel supracondylar nails is a successful technique and can be performed by open and closed methods. It is most useful in osteoporotic or pathological bone which is unsuitable for bone plating.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Gender differences in variables associated with psychosocial adjustment to a burn injury.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether variables associated with psychosocial adjustment to a burn injury vary by gender. Male and female burned subjects (N = 260) were compared on their functional disability, disfigurement, coping responses, social resources, and psychosocial adjustment to a burn injury. Both men and women had adjusted psychosocially to their burn injury. Less functional disability (r = .57, p less than .001) for men and greater problem-solving (r = .57, p less than .001) for women were the most important variables in explaining psychosocial adjustment to a burn injury. In the future, researchers need to be cognizant of gender differences and consider men and women as separate populations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗