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Biomedical subjects

B Lulu

Publications and source records attributed to B Lulu.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Five year results of LINAC radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations: outcome for large AVMS.

PURPOSE: For radiosurgery of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the optimal relationship of dose and volume to obliteration, complications, and hemorrhage is not well defined. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the relationship of multiple AVM and treatment factors to the outcome of AVMs significantly larger than previously reported in the literature. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 73 patients with intracranial AVMs underwent LINAC radiosurgery. Over 50% of the AVMs were larger than 3 cm in diameter and the median and mean treatment volumes were 8.4 cc and 15.3 cc, respectively (range 0.4-143.4 cc). Minimum AVM treatment doses varied between 1000-2200 cGy (median: 1600 cGy). RESULTS: The obliteration rates for treatment volumes < 4 cc, 4-13.9 cc, and > or = 14 cc were 67%, 58%, and 23%, respectively. AVM obliteration was significantly associated with higher minimum treatment dose and negatively associated with a history of prior embolization with particulate materials. No AVM receiving < 1400 cGy was obliterated. The incidence of post-radiosurgical imaging abnormalities and clinical complications rose with increasing treatment volume. For treatment volumes > 14 cc receiving > or = 1600 cGy, the incidence of post-radiosurgical MRI T2 abnormalities was 72% and the incidence of radiation necrosis requiring resection was 22%. The rate of post-radiosurgical hemorrhage was 2.7% per person-year for AVMs with treatment volumes < 14 cc and 7.5% per person-year for AVMs > or = 14 cc. CONCLUSION: As AVM size increases, the dose-volume range for the optimal balance between successful obliteration and the risk of complications and post-radiosurgical hemorrhage narrows.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The use of stereotactic radiosurgical boost in the treatment of medulloblastomas.

PURPOSE: Starting in 1992, we began using a stereotactic radiosurgical (SRS) boost for the treatment of medulloblastomas. Four patients ranging in age from 7 to 42 years old have since been treated and are the subject of this retrospective study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All patients were initially treated with a maximally debulking surgery and external beam radiotherapy, which were then followed by a stereotactic radiosurgical boost using a modified 6 MeV linear accelerator. Radiosurgical boost doses ranged from 4.50 to 10.0 Gy. Target volumes ranged from 1.1 to 8.1 cc. The procedure was well tolerated with minimal acute toxicities. RESULTS: All four patients are alive without evidence of recurrence (at 8 to 35 months). Acute nausea and vomiting was elicited during the radiosurgical procedure in the first patient treated. We have since begun premedicating patients with antiemetics or treating under general anesthesia. Late complications consisted of panhypopituitarism in one patient, which was thought to be attributable to the previous course of whole-brain radiotherapy. We have not observed any incidence of radionecrosis in this small cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results with the use of radiosurgery for medulloblastomas are optimistic, and we would like to suggest the inclusion of a radiosurgery boost in future clinical trials for treatment of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gamma knife pallidotomy: case report.

We report a case of gamma knife pallidotomy resulting in a permanent contralateral homonymous hemianopsia and transient contralateral hemiparesis with some improvement in contralateral parkinsonian symptoms. This case illustrates the risk of gamma knife pallidotomy which precludes physiologic target localization and can subject structures surrounding the target to a significant radiosurgical dose. Until noninvasive physiologic target localization is available gamma knife pallidotomy and thalamotomy should be limited to patients with an unacceptably high risk for stereotactic percutaneous thermocoagulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Stereotactic radiosurgery as an adjunct to surgery and external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a stereotactic radiosurgery boost as part of the primary management of a minimally selected population of patients with malignant gliomas. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between June, 1991 and January, 1994 a stereotactic radiosurgery boost was given to 30 patients after completion of fractionated external beam radiotherapy. The study population consisted of 22 males and 8 females, with a range in age at treatment from 5 to 74 years (median: 54 years). Tumor volume ranged from 2.1 to 115.5 cubic centimeters (cc) (median: 24 cc). Histology included 17 with glioblastoma multiforme, 10 with anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 with a mixed anaplastic astrocytoma-oligodendroglioma, and 2 with a gliosarcoma. A complete resection was performed in 9 (30%) patients, while 18 (60%) underwent a subtotal resection, and 3 (10%) received a biopsy only. Fractionated radiation dose ranged from 44 to 62 Gy, with a median of 59.4 Gy. Prescribed stereotactic radiosurgery dose ranged from 0.5 to 18 Gy (median: 10 Gy), and the volume receiving the prescription dose ranged from 2.1 to 158.7 cc (median: 46 cc). The volume of tumor receiving the prescription dose ranged from 70-100% (median: 100%). One to four (median: 2) isocenters were used, and collimator size ranged from 12.5 to 50 mm (median size: 32.5 mm). The median minimum stereotactic radiosurgery dose was 70% of the prescription dose and the median maximum dose was 200% of the prescription dose. RESULTS: With a minimum follow-up of 1 year from radiosurgery, 7 (23%) of the patients are still living and 22 (73%) have died of progressive disease. One patient died of a myocardial infarction 5 months after stereotactic radiosurgery. Follow-up for living patients ranged from 12 to 45 months, with a median of 30 months. The 1- and 2-year disease-specific survival from the date of diagnosis is 57 [95% confidence interval (CI) 39 to 74%] and 25% (95% CI 9 to 41%), respectively (median survival: 13.9 months). No significant acute or late toxicity has been observed. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery provides a safe and feasible technique for dose escalation in the primary management of unselected malignant gliomas. Longer follow-up and a randomized prospective trial is required to more thoroughly evaluate the role of radiosurgery in the primary management of malignant gliomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The use of gold foil wrapping for radiation protection of the spinal cord for recurrent tumor therapy.

PURPOSE: The development of a technique to provide sufficient radiation protection to previously irradiated spinal cord in such a manner that interstitial brachytherapy can be conducted after resection of a recurrent tumor and decompression of the cord. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A technique was developed that uses multiple layers of gold foil that are applied around the thecal sac and nerve root sleeves to produce an enveloping radiation shield after resection of recurrent tumor. Once the layers of gold foil are in place, interstitial I125 seeds are permanently placed in the bed of the tumor resection to prevent any recurrence from microcellular disease. The technique is described and its application in the case of a 28-year-old with a third recurrence of chondrosarcoma after external fractionated radiation therapy at the second to the fourth thoracic segments is reviewed. RESULTS: This technique has been used in this first patient. An additional tumor dose of 120.0 Gy was delivered to the tumor bed while the spinal cord was calculated to receive only 1% of the dose over the life span of the implant. To date, this dose of radiation has prevented tumor recurrence for more than 18 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: This technique of multiple layers of gold foil shielding over the spinal cord and nerve roots has the potential to be a useful tool for the shielding of a previously irradiated spinal cord in the setting of resection of recurrent tumor. It may also have a wider application to a number of other radiosensitive tumors where interstitial brachytherapy may be useful to provide additional treatment after external fractionated radiation therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of survival between radiosurgery and stereotactic implants for malignant astrocytomas.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the survival of three groups of patients with high grade supratentorial gliomas who were treated on three sequential protocols with surgical resection, external beam fractionated radiotherapy and a boost to the residual contrasting enhancing mass by either interstitial brachytherapy (IB, n = 33), by interstitial thermoradiotherapy (IT, n = 25) or by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS, n = 19). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the role of different boosting techniques in the initial management of primary brain tumors. External beam radiotherapy doses were escalated from one study to the next so that the median doses given to the IB, the IT, and the SRS groups were 41.4 Gy, 48.4 Gy, and 59.4 Gy, respectively. The median dose of interstitial irradiation or stereotactic radiosurgery, were 40 Gy, 32.2 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively, for the same groups. Follow-up was such that all living patients had been followed for a minimum of 30, 27, 4 months in the IB, IT, and SRS groups, respectively; hence, twelve-month survival was 52% (95% CI: 34%-69%), 80% (95% CI: 64%-96%), and 51% (95% CI: 24%-78%) in the same respective groups. Using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, treatment with IT conferred a survival advantage over IB (p = 0.029). Furthermore, survival of patients treated with SRS did not significantly differ from that of patients treated with an implant with or without hyperthermia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of malignant gliomas with interstitial irradiation and hyperthermia.

A Phase I study of interstitial thermoradiotherapy for high-grade supratentorial gliomas has been completed. The objective of this trial was to test the feasibility and toxicity of hyperthermia induced by ferromagnetic implants in the treatment of intracranial tumors. The patient population consisted of 16 males and 12 females, with a median age of 44 years and a median Karnofsky score of 90. Nine patients had anaplastic astrocytoma while 19 had glioblastoma multiforme. Twenty two patients were treated at the time of their initial diagnosis with a course of external beam radiotherapy (median dose 48.4 Gy) followed by an interstitial implant with Ir-192 (median dose 32.7 Gy). Six patients with recurrent tumors received only an interstitial implant (median dose 40 Gy). Median implant volume for all patients was 55.8 cc and median number of treatment catheters implanted per tumor was eighteen. A 60-minute hyperthermia treatment was given through these catheters just before and right after completion of brachytherapy. Time-averaged temperatures of all treatments were computed for sensors located within the core of (> 5 mm from edge of implant), and at the periphery of the implant (outer 5 mm). The percentage of sensors achieving an average temperature > 42 degrees C was 61% and 35%, respectively. Hyperthermia was generally well tolerated; however, there have been 11 minor toxicities, which resolved with conservative management, and one episode of massive edema resulting in the death of a patient. In addition, there were three major complications associated with the surgical implantation of the catheters. Preliminary survival analysis shows that 16 of the 28 patients have died, with a median survival of 20.6 months from diagnosis. We conclude that interstitial hyperthermia of brain tumors with ferromagnetic implants is feasible and carries significant but acceptable morbidity given the extremely poor prognosis of this patient population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A CT-based computerized treatment planning system for I-125 stereotactic brain implants.

A computer program has been developed at the University of California, San Francisco, as an aid in planning and evaluating stereotactic brain implants made with 125I seeds. The program allows images of seeds and catheters to be positioned in the target volume revealed by CT. It then generates and displays the resulting isodose distributions. Catheters may be changed interactively until an optimum implant is achieved. From the geometry of a stereotactic implant frame as measured by CT, the program calculates the approach angles of the catheters in the frame coordinate system. After the seeds are implanted, films made with a fiducial marker box can be used to generate true seed positions and hence true isodoses. This paper describes mathematically the geometrical transformations used by the program, and also outlines its many features and options. In its first 2 years of use the program has proved to be a valuable contributor to improved patient care.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1990

Interstitial thermoradiotherapy of brain tumors: preliminary results of a phase I clinical trial.

A Phase I clinical trial has been initiated to determine the feasibility, tolerance, and toxicity of interstitial thermoradiotherapy in the treatment of high-grade supratentorial brain gliomas. Hyperthermia was delivered by means of thermally-regulating ferromagnetic implants afterloaded into stereotactically placed plastic catheters. Heat treatments were given immediately before interstitial irradiation; in addition, five patients received a second heat treatment at the completion of brachytherapy. The desired target temperature for the 60-minute hyperthermia session was between 42 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Following hyperthermia, the catheters were afterloaded with Ir-192, which delivered a variable radiation dose of 14-50 Gy depending on the clinical situation. Interstitial irradiation was supplemented with external beam radiotherapy (40-41.4 Gy) in patients with previously untreated tumors. A total of 14 patients (4 males, 10 females) have been treated to date on this protocol. Eleven of the patients had a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme, whereas three had anaplastic astrocytoma. The mean implant volume was 61.5 cm3 (range: 9-119 cm3); the median number of interstitial treatment catheters implanted was 19 (range: 7-33). Continuous temperature monitoring was performed by means of multisensor thermocouple probes inserted in the center as well as in the periphery of the tumor. Of the 175 monitored intratumoral points, 83 (47%) had time-averaged mean temperatures of greater than 42 degrees C, and only 12 sensors (7%) exceeded a temperature of 45 degrees C. Among the 19 heat treatments attempted, there have been four minor acute toxicities, all of which resolved with conservative medical management and one major complication resulting in the demise of a patient. These preliminary results indicate that ferromagnetic implants offer a promising new approach to treating brain tumors with hyperthermia.

Adult↗