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Biomedical subjects

B M Herbertson

Publications and source records attributed to B M Herbertson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Epithelial cell proliferation in the rat urinary system induced by parenteral injection of lead salts.

In Wistar rats a single intravascular injection of lead nitrate causes substantial cellular proliferation in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and in the epithelium of the renal pelvis, ureters and urinary bladder. The tritiated thymidine labelling index (LI) reaches a peak 18 to 24 h after injection and the mitotic index (MI) increases to a comparable extent 6 to 10 h later. The proliferation is most prominent in the bladder and proximal tubules and is virtually complete at 48 h. After a single intraperitoneal injection the proliferative changes are confined to the ureteric and bladder epithelium. In all affected tissues the proliferation develops without preceding necrosis and appears to be a hyperplastic phenomenon. After intravascular administration the volume of urine and its total protein content are significantly increased and certain proteins were detected which were not present in the urine of saline controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Dna synthesis in the urinary-tract epithelium of the rat induced by laparotomy and by intraperitoneal injection of distilled water, physiological saline and lycopodium spores.

The tritiated thymidine labelling index (LI) of the epithelium of the ureters and urinary bladder of young male Wistar rats is substantially increased 18 h after a simple laparotomy incision. A similar highly significant increase (P less than 0.001) has been observed after a single i.p. injection of various materials, including (a) distilled water, (b) 0.5% glycogen in physiological saline, and (c) 1% suspension of lycopodium spores in physiological saline. In each instance an aseptic inflammatory response develops in the peritoneal cavity. Reasons are given supporting the concept that a mitogen is produced from a constituent of the inflammatory exudate in the peritoneal cavity and that the factor reaches the affected epithelium by direct diffusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Membranous glomerulonephritis in transplant kidneys: recurrent or de novo disease in four patients.

Membranous glomerulonephritis in the graft is a uncommon complication of renal transplantation. In the 4 cases we describe, one patient had recurrence of his original disease, but in the other 3 it arose de novo after allografting for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, cystinuria or secondary amyloidosis. The lesion was accompanied by mesangial changes of lesser degree and by chronic rejection, and it resulted in accelerated loss of graft function. Transmission of host disease to the graft is more likely to occur in patients whose original membranous lesion progressed to renal failure relatively rapidly, while in de novo cases, the antecedent host disease seems often to have been focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Allograft membranous glomerulonephritis may be less rare than hitherto supposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

DNA synthesis in the urinary tract epithelium of the rat induced by ureteric ligation.

The effect of ligating the left ureter on the thymidine-labeling index (LI) of epithelial cells lining the urinary tract in male Wistar rats has been investigated and compared with the LI in appropriate control groups. In experiment 1, the temporal pattern of the response was studied. In the left ureter, the LI above and below the ligature began to increase at about 8 hours and reached a peak approximately 100 times normal control values at 18 hours. At 48 hours, the LI above the ligature was still about 15 times normal, but distal to the ligature it was significantly below normal levels. There were also impressive increases in the LI in the epithelium of the left renal pelvis and in the tubular cells of the left renal cortex. An unexpected observation was a significant increase in the LI in the right ureter and bladder of these animals and similar increases in both ureters and bladders of sham-operated animals and laparotomy controls. Other unusual features were a significant decrease in the LI in the cortical tubular cells in all the sham-operated animals and in some ligated groups, and a highly significant sustained reduction in the LI of hepatocytes in both sham-operated and ligated animals but not in anesthetic controls. In experiment 2, the topographic relationship between the ligature and the changes in thymidine labeling was examined. The highest LIs were in the pieces of ureter neighboring the ligature with successively lower indices as the distance from the ligature increased. Factors potentially responsible for the changes in the LI in different parts of the urinary tract are considered, and conclusions about the mechanisms involved are tentatively drawn.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Some cytofluorimetric studies of the nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes. I. A simple method for isolation of hepatocyte nuclei using in situ perfusion of the liver.

A simple method for isolating mouse hepatocyte nuclei is presented, which requires no special apparatus. Flow cytofluorimetric scans of hepatocyte nuclei, prepared by this method and stained with ethidium bromide, showed that adult mice have a high proportion of their hepatocyte nuclei in the tetraploid and octaploid states. Polyploidy was more pronounced in female animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Some flow cytofluorimetric studies of the nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes. II. Early changes in nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes following carbon tetrachloride administration: evidence for polyploid nuclei arrested in telophase.

Mature mice have a large proportion of their hepatocyte nuclei in polyploid states (tetraploid and octaploid), and this is more prominent in females. We measured nuclear ploidy distribution cytometrically using ethidium bromide-stained hepatocyte nuclei liberated by in situ collagenase perfusion of the liver via the portal vein. After s.c. administration of 0.2 ml carbon tetrachloride the ploidy distributions of 8-month-old female mice changed from a control of 35% 2N, 45% 4N, and 20% 8N to 54% 2N, 45% 4N and 1% 8N at 6 h, and 65% 2N, 35% 4N and 0% 8N at 24 h. By 72 h 92% of the nuclei were diploid. These changes preceded any changes in mitotic index and S-phase index (3H-TdR autoradiographs). Histology confirmed the loss of higher-ploid nuclei but without mitotic figures or selective cell necrosis to account for the observations. Cleaved nuclei were prominent in sections of liver examined 3 h after CCl4 administration and suggested division of polypoid nuclei that had undergone prior segregation of chromatids and had presumably been arrested in telophase.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prolonged survival of pig orthotopic heart grafts treated with cyclosporin A.

Cyclosporin A was given to pigs receiving orthotopic cardiac allografts from donors mismatched at the major locus. Median survival in 20 control pigs was only 6 days; in 5 pigs given cyclosporin A at 15 mg/kg on 3 days median survival was 22 days; and when 6 animals were given 25 mg/kg intramuscularly for 2 days and then orally median survival is greater than 68 days, with 4 animals still alive.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

The use of fluorescein-labelled lectins in the detection and identification of fungi pathogenic for man: a preliminary study.

Fluorescein-labelled lectins of known specificities for different sugars were used in an attempt to identify fungi in paraffin sections of surgical and post-mortem material. Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Rhizopus oryzae have been studied with five fluorescein-labelled lectins and with basis of differences in their reactions with these stains. The results accord well with what is known of the chemistry of the organisms and the method offers promise to practising histopathologists.

Aspergillus fumigatus↗
PubMed1977

Simple hypothermic preservation for transporting human livers long distances for transplantation. Report of 12 cases.

Since 1973, 12 patients in the Cambridge-King's College Hospital liver transplant programme have received livers from donors dying in hospitals considerable distances from the transplant centre in Cambridge. The method of preservation used to transport these livers from 35 to 110 miles was flush perfusion with plasma protein fraction and hypothermic storage in ice. The ischaemia times ranged from 2 hr and 42 min to 4 hr and 22 min. All of the recipients had good or excellent postoperative function of the grafts and 6 of the 12 recipients are alive, the longest survival being 29 months. The preservation technique is simple and easily portable and has given reliable 4-hr preservation of the human liver.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Differential kidney graft survival associated with interaction between recipient ABO group and pretransplant blood transfusion.

In 1973 we reported significantly superior survival of kidneys transplanted to blood group O recipients compared with recipients of those from blood groups A, B, and AB taken together. In this extended series, the difference between these categories was less prominent and no longer significant. In the present study, blood transfusion significantly improved the survival of kidney grafts in patients of blood group O, but not of combined A, B. and AB groups. The difference between the graft protecting effect of transfusion in group O and combined groups A, B, and AB recipients was also significant. This suggests that the improvement in subsequent graft survival after transfusion is either confined to blood group O recipients, or is much stronger in them than in recipients of other groups. Our previous policy of restriction of blood transfusion is seen as one of the causes of the reduced superiority of group O over other groups in this extended series in comparison with our 1973 series. It seems that transfusion of group O recipients can markedly improve the prognosis of a subsequent first kidney graft.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Percutaneous needle biopsies of renal allografts: the relationship between morphological changes present in biopsies and subsequent allograft function.

In the Cambridge renal transplant unit percutaneous needle biopsies of renal transplants have been extensively used to help identify the cause of impaired allograft function. During the period 1966--1973, 154 of the 269 renal allografts transplanted were biopsied at least once during the first 90 days after transplantation. In this survey the relationship between morphological changes in these biopsy specimens and allograft function 1, 3 and 5 years after transplantation is assessed. A highly significant direct relationship exists between early graft failure and the presence of medial necrosis of arteries, acute glomerular lesions and interstitial haemorrhage. Less than 10% of grafts with one or more of these changes and none in which all three types of lesion were present were capable of supporting life at 1 year. There is a significant association between poor subsequent graft function and mononuclear cell infiltration of the intima of arteries. No clear relationship exists, however, between the function of grafts at 1 and 3 years and the degree of mononuclear cell infiltration of the interstitial tissue. Tubular necrosis was frequently observed and future graft performance is related to the extent and cause of the tubular damage.

Adolescent↗