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Biomedical subjects

B M Kapur

Publications and source records attributed to B M Kapur.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Pancreaticogastrostomy in pancreaticoduodenal resection for ampullary carcinoma: experience in thirty-one cases.

Pancreaticoduodenal resection was performed in 31 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Pancreaticogastrostomy was done for pancreatic reconstruction. Truncal vagotomy and cholicystectomy were done in all patients. Two postoperative deaths occurred. There were no pancreatic leaks. The patients who had pancreatic or lymph node infiltration on histopathologic examination of the specimens did poorly and died within 2 years while those with localized ampullary carcinoma did very well. The overall 5-year survival rate for ampullary carcinoma is 50%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Brain benzodiazepine receptor binding and purine concentration in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Benzodiazepine receptor [( 3H]flunitrazepam) binding and purine concentration were measured in autopsied cerebral cortex of 4 patients who died with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Receptor density was normal in all 4 regions of Lesch-Nyhan cortex examined. However, an enhancement of benzodiazepine receptor affinity (25% reduction in Kd) was found in well-washed parietal and occipital cortex homogenates. Maximal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) stimulation of [3H]flunitrazepam binding was normal in temporal, parietal and occipital cortex but markedly reduced (by 50-80%) in frontal cortex. Increased sensitivity to hypoxanthine inhibition (30% reduction in Ki) was also observed in parietal cortex. The concentrations of the purines hypoxanthine, xanthine and inosine in Lesch-Nyhan parietal cortex were about twice the values measured in control material matched for postmortem time. We suggest that the above-normal concentrations of purines estimated to be present in Lesch-Nyhan brain may be sufficient to significantly affect the ability of the benzodiazepine receptor to modulate GABA-mediated brain mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis of ileocecal and colonic tuberculosis by colonoscopy.

The colonoscopic findings in 11 proven cases of ileocecal tuberculosis consisted of deformed ileocecal valve in all 11 and contracted cecal lumen in 10. This was associated with mucosal nodules predominantly around the ileocecal valve, pseudopolypoid folds, and mucosal protuberance. Two patients had an isolated cecal ulcer. In three of the 11 patients the examination enabled a histologic diagnosis to be made on the basis of typical granuloma. In the other four patients Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the tissue obtained through biopsies.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Intestinal tuberculosis: bacteriological study of tissue obtained by colonoscopy and during surgery.

The biopsy tissue obtained during surgery and colonoscopy from 28 cases of intestinal tuberculosis was utilized for isolation and identification of mycobacteria. The mycobacteria could be isolated in 12 (42%) of 28 patients. Colonoscopy can be a successful method of bacteriological diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. Mycobacteria were scarcely ever seen on histological sections. Combined use of guinea pig inoculation and culture was more rewarding than either alone. The yield of positive cultures was greater in tissue with caseation necrosis, though organisms were also recovered from tissues showing non-caseating granuloma and non-specific inflammation. The intestinal tissue gave more positive cultures (41%) than did lymph nodes (14%). The organisms were isolated in patients with or without pulmonary lesions and chemotherapy in the past. All the organisms were isolated as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

High-density lipoprotein response to alcohol consumption and abstinence as an indicator of liver function in alcoholic patients.

A study of 36 alcoholic men admitted to hospital when intoxicated was undertaken to confirm the value of changes in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) as an indicator of liver function in patients with chronic alcoholism. In the patients without severe liver disease the HDL level was high after the recent consumption of alcohol and usually dropped by 0.2 mmol/L or more after 1 or 2 weeks of abstinence. In contrast, in the patients with severe alcoholic liver disease the HDL level was initially low and generally remained low after abstinence.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1984

Should corneas from donors receiving a high dose of salicylate be used as grafts: an animal experimentation.

Rabbits were injected intravenously with a single dose of sodium salicylate (350 mg kg-1) in order to study the following in vivo: (i) the distribution of the drug in the various eye tissues and fluids, particularly the cornea and aqueous humour, and (ii) transfer of the drug from corneal grafts obtained from donors receiving sodium salicylate to the eye tissues of the recipient. In additional experiments, the in vitro effects of sodium salicylate on the growth and protein synthesis of corneal cells grown in tissue culture were also studied. In vivo experiments showed that the periods during which we observed the highest concentration of salicylate in the serum and in the eye tissues were within 30 min and 2 hr respectively following the injection. These experiments also showed that salicylate was transferred from the treated donor via corneal graft to the recipient's eye tissues where it could still be detected 48 hr after the operation. In vitro experiments showed that a 50% inhibition of cell growth was obtained at a concentration of about 1000 micrograms salicylate ml-1 while protein synthesis was decreased by 50% at a concentration of about 200 micrograms ml-1. A consideration of our data from the in vivo and in vitro experiments together suggests that ingestion by the donor of high concentrations of salicylate may have the potentiality of subjecting the corneal endothelial cells to cytotoxic concentrations of the drug thus jeopardizing the success rate of corneal graft operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ocular distribution of sodium pentobarbital after injection of lethal and anesthetic doses and after transfer via corneal grafting.

The distribution of sodium pentobarbital in the eye after lethal and anesthetic doses and the possibility of the drug's transfer via corneal grafting were studied in rabbits. The drug was found in all the ocular tissues and humours following the intravenous injection of a single lethal (60 mg/kg) or anesthetic (30 mg/kg) dose, and it was still present 24 hours after the anesthetic injection. In both instances the largest quantity was found in the cornea. After grafting of corneal tissue containing pentobarbital the drug dispersed into the recipients' corneas and other ocular tissues. In-vitro studies showed that 250 micrograms of the drug per millilitre of incubation medium reduced the rate of growth of the corneal fibroblasts to 50%, and 300 micrograms/mL reduced their protein synthesis to 66%. Calculations showed that these concentrations could be reached in the cornea or the aqueous humour in vivo following either the lethal or the anesthetic injection of the drug.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1983

Laparoscopy in carcinoma of the gallbladder.

Twenty-three patients with gallbladder carcinoma were critically evaluated by laparoscopy. The diagnosis was confirmed in each case by either histology, cytology, or laparotomy. Direct evidence of carcinoma was present in 15 (65%) and indirect in eight (35%) patients. Cytology alone was positive in 80%, biopsy alone was positive in 60%, and the two techniques in combination yielded tissue diagnosis in 86% of patients having direct evidence. The yield of positive biopsy or cytology was low in cases with indirect evidence. Laparoscopy also circumvented laparotomy in 39% of patients because of the finding of multiple metastatic lesions over the liver surface.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Leiomyosarcoma of the parotid gland.

An unusual case of leiomyosarcoma of the parotid gland is reported. The tumour recurred thrice and metastasized to one of the adjacent lymph nodes. Histologically, a leiomyosarcoma in the salivary gland closely resembles a tumour of myoepithelial cells origin but lacks the dual cell morphology seen in the latter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cerebellar, cortical and functional impairment in toluene abusers.

24 solvent abusers (mean age 23 +/- 4.4 years +/- SD) were studied in hospital. They reported using substances containing a mean of 425 +/- 366 mg of toluene per day for 6.3 +/- 3.9 years. There was no laboratory evidence of under-nutrition. No withdrawal symptoms were observed. Marked impairment was observed in neurological and neuropsychological test performances in 65% of the sample. Cerebellar symptoms were particularly prominent. The impairment was significantly correlated with CT scan measurements of the cerebellum, ventricles and cortical sulci, all of which abnormal in comparison to age-matched controls. CSF abnormalities were elevated C1-, low PO2 and very low anion gap. The duration of abuse was only weakly correlated with neurological scores. After 2 weeks of abstinence, several liver function tests which were abnormal on admission had recovered, but only minimal changes in the CNS symptoms were observed.

Adolescent↗