Breast feeding and human milk composition.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Breast Feeding↗
Biomedical subjects
B M Laurance
Publications and source records attributed to B M Laurance.
Two XX males diagnosed in childhood. Endocrine, renal, and laboratory findings.
Two prepubertal boys with bilateral cryptorchidism were identified as 46,XX after nuclear sexing studies in several tissues. Gonadal histology and chromosome studies suggested that true hermaphroditism or mosaicism were unlikely. Xg blood grouping was informative in one patient. Accepting paternity, this suggested either that both Xs were maternal, with loss, for example, of the male determining Y chromosome, or that the paternal X chromosome did not express, probably because of a deletion, the allele for the positive Xg blood group. The patients had normal thyroid stimulating hormone reserves but subnormal responses to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation, and may need hormonal replacement at puberty. Both had renal anomalies. We suggest that chromosome analysis is essential when cryptorchidism, hypospadias, or microgenitalia are found and that an intravenous pyelogram is desirable.
Child, Preschool↗
HCG stimulation test in children with abnormal sexual development.
Plasma testosterone was estimated by radioimmunoassay in 60 children with disorders of sexual development before and after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). In 21 children the testosterone levels after 3 and 5 daily injections of 1000 units HCG were compared and good correlation was found between the paired results (r =0-93), suggesting that the 5-day HCG test has no advantage over the 3-day test. In 7 boys with apparently normal genital development the increments in plasma testosterone ranged from 2-0 to 8-5 nmol/1 after 3 injections of HCG. 10 boys with anorchia showed little response to HCG stimulation, but in patients with other disorders, such as micropenis (10), cryptorchidism (8), hermaphroditism (3), male pseudohermaphroditism (13), hypospadias (3), and sex chromosome anomalies (6), there was considerable variation in the plasma testosterone level after HCG. In 2 boys with suspected anorchia the results suggested that testes were present and this was confirmed at operation.
Adolescent↗
The British family abroad.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bites and Stings↗
The justification for early radiological investigations of urinary-tract infection in children.
97 children, 67 girls aged 0-13 years and 30 boys aged 0-11 years, with apparent first urinary-tract infections were investigated radiologically. The intravenous pyelogram was abnormal in 15.5% of the girls and 33% of the boys and the micturating cystourethrogram was abnormal in 34% of the girls and 39% of the boys. When both examinations were combined the abnormality-rate rose to 41% in the two sexes. Accordingly, radiological investigation of the renal tract is recommended after the first proven urinary tract infection.
Adolescent↗
The prevalence of asymptomatic urinary-tract infection in pre-school children.
Urine samples from 1000 pre-school children aged 4 weeks to 5 years, attending welfare centres, nursery schools or day nurseries in one London borough, were cultured by the dip-slide method. Five children had asymptomatic bacteriuria, a prevalence of 0-5 per cent. The need for screening the urine of pre-school children is discussed.
Bacteriuria↗