Biomedical subjects

B M Ogles

Publications and source records attributed to B M Ogles.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Clinical significance: history, application, and current practice.

The meaningfulness of psychotherapy outcome as measured in therapy research is a persistent and important issue. Following a period of emphasis on statistically significant findings for treated versus control groups, many researchers are renewing efforts to investigate the meaningfulness of individual change. Several statistical methods are available to evaluate the meaningfulness of client's changes occurring as a result of treatment. This article reviews the history of the clinical significance concept; describes the various methods for defining improvement, recovery, and clinically significant change; examines current criticisms of the methods; and describes the current use of the methods in practice.

Endpoint Determination↗

PubMed1998

Managed care as a platform for cross-system integration.

Following the significant industrialization of private health care, managed care strategies for reducing costs are beginning to enter the public sector. Privatization of public mental health dollars is already a reality in some states and a growing possibility in many others. Changes in the financial management of behavioral health care are a source of concern for providers, advocates, and clients who desire services that are consistent with the core values of an integrated system of care. This article reviews the core values of the system of care for children and families, recent changes in the continuum of care for children with severe emotional disorders, and basic principles and strategies of managed care. It is proposed that system-of-care values and managed care principles are not mutually exclusive. In fact, a judicious combination of systems-of-care values and private sector management strategies may facilitate cross-system integration of services for children and youth. An example of a private, nonprofit corporation designed to manage public sector dollars across child welfare, juvenile justice, and mental health/alcohol and drug addiction systems is presented.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Computerized depression screening and awareness.

The DEPRESSION Awareness, Recognition and Treatment (D/ART) program under the sponsorship of the National Institutes of Health has made consistent efforts to help educate many communities around the nation about depression. One important aspect of this effort includes offering free screening for depression to the general public. Since new technology often promotes curiosity and interest, a computerized depression screening and awareness program was created to use at fairs and other local events. Individuals who participated completed a computerized version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D) and then received a one page printout that described the common symptoms of depression, a score indicative of their level of depressed mood, a brief explanation of the score, and a telephone number where additional information could be obtained. This paper details the construction of the computerized version of the CES-D including an evaluation of psychometric properties and consumer satisfaction with the program.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

A multiperspective, multivariable evaluation of reliable change.

N. S. Jacobson and P. Truax's (1991) method for evaluating the clinical significance of client change has gained some prominence in psychotherapy outcome research. However, little has been done to investigate the validity of this methodology. This study addresses this limitation by comparing (a) the perceived level of change (as subjectively reported from 3 distinct perspectives) across outcome groupings based on Jacobson and Truax's reliable change index (RCI) and (b) subjective reports of therapeutic alliance and satisfaction across outcome groupings. The results of these comparisons indicate that the RCI is effective in identifying those who make reliable improvement in therapy but is less effective in differentiating between no-changers and deteriorators. In addition, the relationship between treatment outcome and satisfaction with service is questioned.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Satisfaction ratings: meaningful or meaningless?

The measurement of consumer satisfaction with behavioral healthcare services in increasing with market and regulatory requirements. Some organizations refer to the results of their measures as "outcomes." Some confusion and debate has consequently arisen as to the meaning of consumer satisfaction and its relationship to other types of outcomes. In this article, Lunnen and Ogles refer to existing research to clarify these meanings and relationships.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1995

Clinical significance of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program data.

The clinical significance of research findings is an important issue that, until recently, was often neglected. Statistical methods are available, however, to evaluate the meaningfulness of pre- to post-treatment change. The clinical significance of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program Data was evaluated. A substantial number of clients receiving treatment for depression made reliable improvements and had posttreatment scores that fell within a functional distribution. A small number of clients reliably deteriorated despite undergoing 12 sessions of treatment. No differences in clinical significance rates among treatment groups existed for measures of depressive symptoms. Treatments differed in terms of clinical significance on a measure of general symptom severity. There was substantial agreement among diverse methods of measurement regarding the identification of individuals making clinically significant change.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗

PubMed1994

Psychological consequences of athletic injury among high-level competitors.

Injury prohibiting continued athletic participation has been hypothesized to have a predictable emotional impact on athletes (Rotella & Heyman, 1986). However, the psychological impact of injury has not been well documented. This study examined the psychological reactions to injury among 343 male collegiate athletes participating in 10 sports. All athletes were assessed using measures of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem during preseason physical examinations. Injured athletes along with matched controls were later assessed within one week of experiencing an athletic injury and 2 months later. A 4 x 3 (Injury Status x Time of Testing) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (DM MANOVA) revealed that injured athletes exhibited greater depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem than controls immediately following physical injury and at follow-up 2 months later. These findings supported the general observation that physically injured athletes experience a period of emotional distress that in some cases may be severe enough to warrant clinical intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: the Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS).

This study reports the development of an instrument to assess the motives of marathon runners. The Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS) contains 56 items distributed across nine scales. Content areas covered included health orientation, weight concern, self-esteem, life meaning, psychological coping, affiliation, recognition, competition, and personal goal achievement. Adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha range .80 to .93), retest reliability (intraclass Rs range .71 to .90), and factorial validity of the scales were demonstrated. Assessment of the relationship between individual MOMS scales and other variables of conceptual relevance documents early evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the instrument. Future uses of the MOMS are discussed in light of theoretical, empirical, and practical considerations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗