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Biomedical subjects

B M Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to B M Phillips.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The validity of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis.

BACKGROUND: Because of the uncertainty about the status of hypochondriasis, the disorder is rarely diagnosed. To address this problem we examined the validity of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis as identified by structured interview. METHODS: Patients in a general medicine clinic were screened for hypochondriacal attitudes and symptoms. Those patients who scored above an established cutoff had a structured diagnostic interview, and 50 patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for hypochondriasis and 50 age- and sex-matched controls were thus identified. Information was obtained from both groups on health perceptions, health care utilization, and level of functioning using self-report and physician-rated measures. Additional information on diagnoses and treatment recommendations was obtained from record audits. RESULTS: Clinic physicians rated hypochondriacal subjects as having more unrealistic fear of illness (hypochondriasis) and diagnosed psychiatric and functional somatic syndromes more frequently in hypochondriacal than in control subjects. Hypochondriacal subjects viewed their health as worse, had more health worries, and had more severe psychiatric symptoms than control subjects. They also reported poorer physical functioning and work performance, greater health care utilization, poorer response to medical treatment, and less satisfaction with the care received than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that, although the diagnosis of hypochondriasis is rarely made, physician recognition is high. They also show that several indicators of internal and external validity of this diagnostic category exist. Findings suggest that if physicians are to reduce the functional impairment and nonproductive health care utilization of these patients, they will need to make the diagnosis of hypochondriasis and intervene appropriately. However, for this to occur, research demonstrating predictive validity and treatment responsiveness of the disorder will be required.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ceftazidime - a significant advance in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Intravenous ceftazidime (140 mg/kg/day for 14 days) was used in 28 consecutive admissions for severe respiratory infections in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis. In 20 cases ceftazidime was the sole antibiotic, but in the first eight cases it was accompanied by oral flucloxacillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was present in all cases, accompanied by Staphylococcus aureus in seven. Both organisms were sensitive to ceftazidime (MIC 0.12 to 8) and no case of ceftazidime resistance was seen, not even in one patient who received six courses. One patient, admitted moribund, died after only one dose had been given, his death being unconnected with the drug. In the other 27 courses there was an excellent clinical response, judged to be as good as our former high dosage carbenicillin and tobramycin combination though with much greater patient acceptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Overdiagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

In 7 patients seen over 3 years, cystic fibrosis had been wrongly diagnosed. The initial sweat test was misleadingly high in only 3 cases. In 1 case no sweat test had been done, and in 4 one or more normal sweat-test results were ignored. As a result of misdiagnosis 4 children were sent to schools for the physically handicapped and 1 man lost his job in the police. Despite warnings about the limitations of sweat tests and dangers of diagnosing cystic fibrosis without typical clinical features, cystic fibrosis is wrongly diagnosed in substantial numbers of children in England.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Improved colorimetric determination of aspirin and salicylic acid concentrations in human plasma.

An improvement in a previously described method for the determination of plasma salicylic acid and aspirin levels in humans is described. The procedure was simplified by employing only one plasma sample for both salicylates. More accurate estimation of salicylates, particularly aspirin, was achieved by using two different calibration curves. Salicylic acid was estimated by reaction with an aqueous solution of the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent. Absorbance of the blue-colored complex, which formed on addition of sodium hydroxide, was measured at 670 nm. The influence of alkalinity in the formation of the colored complex is discussed. The average recovery of aspirin added to plasma was 94.61%; it was 214.72% by the previous method.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1978

Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazolepropionic acids.

All possible "nonadjacent" phenyltriazolepropionic acids were synthesized and tested for antiinflammatory activity. Two of the isomers displayed activity approximately equal to phenylbutazone: the 4-phenyl-1,2,3,-triazole-2-propionic acid (7) and its reverse counterpart, 2-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-propionic acid (6). The other five isomers were inactive. Since these seven acids are geometrically congruent and possess similar lipophilic characters, antiinflammatory activity must depend on some property that is a function of how the carbon and nitrogen atoms are arranged in the triazole ring.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A case of paragonimiasis.

A 2 1/2-year-old girl recently arrived from eastern Nigeria presented with a soft tissue swelling of the infraclavicular region. Subsequent investigation revealed a cavity in the left lung associated with a small pleural effusion and leucocytosis with pronounced eosinophilia. Clinical and serological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of paragonimiasis. After a course of Bitin-S the chest x-ray returned to normal, the soft tissue changes disappeared, and the eosinophil count fell.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Physical form as a determinant of effect of buffered acetylsalicylate formulations on gi microbleeding.

During a 48-day period, 12 male dogs received four buffered sodium acetylsalicylate formulations, quantitatively virtually identical (a homogenenous disintegrating swallow tablet, a swallow tablet in which the sodium acetylsalicylate was contained in a dissolving core, an encapsulated powder, and an aqueous suspension), at 650-mg aspirin equivalent doses twice daily during four 7-day treatment periods (each preceded by a 5-day period of no treatment) in a complete changeover fashion. Mean daily fecal blood losses of 0.75, 1.37, 1.43, and 2.89 ml were observed in the 12 dogs during treatment with the aqueous suspension, the homogeneous tablet, the encapsulated powder, and the core tablet, respectively. These findings indicate that the physical form of buffered acetylsalicylate formulations is a critical factor in the effect of such formulations on GI microbleeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Influence of aspirin formulation and dose on concentration of total salicylate in rat kidney.

Rats received the equivalent of 100, 250, 500, or 700 mg/kg of 14C-aspirin orally as a suspension or as a solution of a buffered, effervescent, aspirin-containing product. Animals in each dose group were sacrificed at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 24 hr after dosing. The 14C content of whole blood, plasma, and homogenized whole kidney (after perfusion) was determined. The concentration of total salicylate proved to be dose dependent and was lower in tissues from rats receiving the buffered, effervescent product, especially at the higher doses. The results suggest that salicylate-induced renal toxicity should be less likely to occur after administration of the buffered, effervescent formulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The influence of aspirin on gastrointestinal microbleeding in dogs with gastric ulcers.

Fecal blood volume was determined daily in 11 dogs with single gastric ulcers. Beginning 11 days after production of the ulcers and dogs received, in crossover fashion, 2 placebo or ordinary 325-mg aspirin tablets orally twice daily during two 7-day treatment periods separated and followed by 5-day periods of no treatment. Mean daily fecal blood volumes of 0.52 and 3.25 ml were observed during periods of treatment with placebo and aspirin, respectively. However, in 7 previous studies in this laboratory a total of 24 normal dogs have received 7-day courses of treatment with 650 mg ordinary aspirin twice daily on 105 occasions; during these 105 treatment periods fecal blood volume averaged 2.90 ml/day. Thus, it is concluded that the effect of ordinary aspirin in dogs with gastric ulcers is essentially the same as the effect in normal dogs, and that there is no tendency for dogs with gastric ulcers to bleed massively in response to aspirin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

The acute and target organ toxicity of 1-methyl-3-keto-4-phenylquinuclidinium bromide (MA540) and guanethidine in the rat and dog.

The effects of acute and repeated increasing oral doses of 1-methyl-3-keto-4-phenylquinuclidinium bromide (MA540) and guanethidine in the rat and dog have been described. On repeated oral administration guanethidine produced histopathological changes in cervical ganglia of rats and dogs which were clearly dose-dependent and reproduced lesions reported in the literature. Repeated oral administration of MA540 resulted in no histopathological changes in either species. The maximum tolerated oral dose for guanethidine was estimated to be 515 mg/kg in the rat and 26 mg/kg in the dog compared with an estimated maximum tolerated oral dose for MA540 of 1750 mg/kg in the rat and 460 mg/kg in the dog. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that subchronic studies with MA540 in the rat and dog should provide evidence which would justify the use of MA540 in man at daily oral doses as high as 9 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Does aspirin play a role in analgesic nephropathy?

Using a compound analgesic mixture, it was found that renal pathology could be produced in rats if the analgesic mixture was administered as a concentrated aqueous suspension, but that development of renal pathology was not favored by hot, dry environmental conditions. Determination of whole body total salicylate concentrations in rats and humans receiving various doses of aspirin revealed that twice daily doses of 24, 60 and 125 mg/kg aspirin in the rat were equivalent to human doses of 8, 20 and (approximately) 40 ordinary 325 mg aspirin tablets daily. These doses of aspirin were then employed in a subchronic study of the nephrotoxicity of aspirin in the rat using the experimental design which maximized the nephrotoxic effects of the compound analgesic mixture. Six groups of ten male and ten female rats received aspirin orally at doses of 24,60 or 125 mg/kg twice a day five days a week for 12 weeks. Two additional groups of ten male and ten female rats received only the vehicle, at a volume equivalent to that received by the high dose group, and served as controls. Four groups (one each, control, low, mid-, and high dose) were denied access to water for 16 hours daily overnight. No pathologic renal changes were observed in any of the rats. These findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence, from both animal and human studies, that aspirin alone does not produce analgesic nephropathy.

Animals↗