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Biomedical subjects

B M Rothschild

Publications and source records attributed to B M Rothschild.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Osteoarthritis, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and osseous infection in Old World primates.

Uncertainties as to the nature and implications of osteoarthritis and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) in primates were subject to critical review through examination of 153 prosimians and 1,250 Old World non-prosimian primates. Osteoarthritis, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and infectious arthritis/osteomyelitis were relatively rare phenomena, affecting only 1.7% and 2.5%, respectively, of free-ranging prosimians and other Old World non-prosimian primates. Frequency of infection in Indri and Presbytis appears to reflect a unique susceptibility or exposure. Papio may have a unique predisposition to CPPD. The dichotomy (frequency and joint distribution) between free-ranging and artificially restrained animals suggests caution in interpretation of osteoarthritis or CPPD in non-free-ranging animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Erosive arthritis and spondyloarthropathy in Old World primates.

Presence of spine and sacroiliac involvement and the nature and distribution of the erosive lesions allow definitive diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy. Thus, spondyloarthropathy was identified in Theropithecus, Papio, Cercopithecus, Macaca, Colobus, Presbytis, and Hylobates. Only monarticular erosive disease was present in prosimians, precluding a diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy for that group. The distribution of erosive disease and axial joint involvement in 1,349 non-prosimian Old World primates is quite characteristic of that noted in human psoriatic arthritis. While Reiter's syndrome must also be considered, the histologic appearance of skin lesions in Macaca is characteristic of psoriasis. Evidence of spondyloarthropathy abounds in the literature of primate skeletal disease. Environmentally based contagions may be important in the pathophysiology of spondyloarthropathy. The wide geographic distribution of the phenomena in monkeys suggests a "panendemic," with limited individual susceptibility (compared to that noted in gorillas and chimpanzees). Identical occurrence of erosive arthritis/spondyloarthropathy in free-ranging and artificially restrained animals suggests that spondyloarthropathy can validly be studied in artificially restrained populations. This perspective should allow application of human therapeutic approaches to and perhaps improve the quality of life for artificially restrained, afflicted individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Geographic distribution of rheumatoid arthritis in ancient North America: implications for pathogenesis.

The fifth centennial of Columbus stimulates renewed interest in New World origins of disease. The earliest documentation of rheumatoid arthritis was in the New World. Subsequent study of its distribution in the New World in antiquity defines localization to a very specific geographic region. The absence of rheumatoid arthritis in 63 archaeological sites surrounding the original "catchment area" and in five Old World sites, with documented spread over time, suggests that it is a vector (microorganism or allergen)-transmitted disease.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1992

Spondyloarthropathy as an Old World phenomenon.

The presence of spine and sacroiliac involvement and the nature and distribution of erosive lesions allowed definitive diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy in the great apes (Gorilla and Pan [chimpanzee]), the lesser ape (Hylobates), and Old World monkeys (Theropithecus, Papio, Cercopithecus, Macaca, Colobus, Presbytis, and Erythrocebus). Analysis of lesional character, distribution, radiological appearance, and sex ratios showed a picture indistinguishable from human spondyloarthropathy. This contrasts with orangutans (Pongo), who lack reactive bone or sacroiliac involvement. A different pathophysiology, as yet undefined, is implied for their erosive arthritis. Limited individual susceptibility to spondyloarthropathy in humans (1% to 4%), Old World monkeys (2.4%), and lesser apes (2.4%) contrasts with the high frequency of disease in the great apes (20% to 28%). The wide geographic distribution of this phenomenon suggests an African and perhaps Asian "panendemic." This natural disease state provides a unique model for in-depth analysis of the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to disease pathophysiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Character of precolumbian North American spondyloarthropathy.

Shared characteristics and concurrent occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthropathy in contemporary populations have compromised development of clear diagnostic criteria for distinguishing them. Although modern populations contain individuals with both RA and spondyloarthropathy, ancient populations often manifest only one. The presence of spondyloarthropathy as the sole erosive disease in selected ancient populations allows further clarification of its nature. The tendency towards pauciarticular, asymmetrical involvement, axial involvement and peripheral joint fusion in these populations clarifies diagnosis and distinguishes this phenomenon from RA. The significance of peripheral joint fusion appears to be unequivocally established on the basis of these findings.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Spondyloarthropathy: erosive arthritis in representative defleshed bones.

Erosive changes and syndesmophyte formation, characteristics of spondyloarthropathy, were present in 79/2906 skeletons in the Todd Collection. Holistic assessment of this defined population allowed it to be distinguished from rheumatoid and other erosive forms of arthritis. Characterization of the nature and distribution of osseous alterations in a contemporary skeletal population allowed development of a standard for recognition of the disease in skeletal populations.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Fibromyalgia: an explanation for the aches and pains of the nineties.

Fibromyalgia is a common rheumatologic disorder. Societal costs, based on medical expenses, lost wages, lost tax revenue and compensation expenditures, are significant. Diagnosis, dependent primary on subjective patient reports, can be confirmed by mapping alterations in electrical resistance or temperature. The most effective available medication regimens are only moderately effective in the treatment of fibromyalgia and have undesirable side effects. Hypnotic, injection and electroprobe therapy appear reasonable alternatives.

Fibromyalgia↗
PubMed1990

[Does rheumatoid polyarthritis come from the New World?].

While rheumatoid arthritis apparently did not exist in the Old World prior to the eighteenth century, a symmetrical erosive arthritis, indistinguishable from contemporary rheumatoid arthritis is clearly documented in the 1,000 year before present Fort Ancient-Anderson Village site. As lesions compatible with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis have not been noted in the Old World prior to 1785, observation of 35 pre-Columbian cases of compatible lesions, suggests the likelihood that rheumatoid arthritis is a New World disease that subsequently spread to the Old World. Study of the geographical patterns and timing of distribution of rheumatoid arthritis and of New World organic items may provide an opportunity to identify the responsible pathogens or allergens.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1990

Rheumatoid arthritis "in the buff": erosive arthritis in defleshed bones.

Examination of isolated bones from patients with unequivocal rheumatoid arthritis provides only a glimpse of the disease but has been the only "gold standard" for recognition of osseous lesions as compatible with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Documentation of skeletal pathologic changes in confidently diagnosed individuals has been a major missing link in the transition from clinical to skeletal analysis. Availability of appropriate skeletal material from two patients with long-standing, well-documented rheumatoid arthritis provided the opportunity for acquiring such information. The osseous appearance, skeletal distribution, and distinguishing features of rheumatoid arthritis "in the buff" were delineated in two contemporary patients and in a skeletal population of 2,906 individuals. The preconceived notion of anticipated severity of disease has hereby been tested and found wanting. Severe lesions are not recognizable or distinguishable from artifact in relatively fragile rheumatoid arthritis-affected bones, whether freshly prepared or remotely sampled. Characterization of the nature and epidemiology of osseous alterations in two contemporary skeletal populations permitted the development of a standard for recognition of the disease in skeletal populations.

Aged↗