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Biomedical subjects

B M Santos

Publications and source records attributed to B M Santos.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

T-lymphocyte function from peripheral blood stem-cell donors is inhibited by activated granulocytes.

BACKGROUND: PBSC transplant provides 10 times more T cells than BMT However, the incidence and severity of acute GvHD is similar among recipients of both types of transplants. Studies in mouse models suggest that the similar clinical outcome in BMT and PBSCT is due to differences in the lymphokine profiles. METHODS: PBMC, PBMC from G-CSF mobilized donors (G-PBMC)and BM mononuclear cells (BM-MC) were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA to detect gamma-IFN and IL-4 production. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to identify morphology and annexin/propidium-iodide was used for apoptosis assays. RESULTS: We show decreased production of gamma-interferon (85%) and IL-4 (60%) in G-PBMC when compared with either PBMC or BM-MCT cells on ex vivo assays. Surprisingly, 85% of fresh G-PBMC is composed of low-density granulocytes (LDG), which undergo apoptosis after 48 h in culture. At this same time, gamma-IFN production from G-PBMC T cell was reverted. In vitro, G-CSF converts granulocytes into LDGs, able to inhibit T-cell function by H2O2 production, and not through immune-deviation towards a Th2-type phenotype. DISCUSSION: We show that the estimated numbers of Th1 and Th2 cells infused in BMT and PBSCT do not differ significantly. These findings are discussed with reference to the relatively low incidence of acute GvHD in PBSCT shown in the literature. We suggest that these results might depend on the high number of granulocytes and progenitors infused. The potential use of granulocytes as immunosupressive short-term therapy is now being investigated by our group using a mouse experimental model.

Annexin A5↗
PubMed2000

[Monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in students of a course for nurses aides during their professional education].

Considering our goal of understanding the colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in students from a nursing auxiliary program, during their professional formation, we collected material from the nasal cavity (N), right (Md) and left (Me) hands from 42 students on different moments of their formation relating the levels of colonization to the activities developed during the program. Results showed an oscillation in the colonization rate in different moments and the possibility of agent reciprocal transmission between the students and the taken care receptors, considering the type of contact.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1998

Quantitative analysis of C cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

The objective of the present investigation was to study quantitatively C cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) by analyzing 22 thyroids obtained at autopsy or thyroidectomy from 16 patients with thyroiditis and from 6 normal subjects. Six different areas were sampled on average and labeled with a monoclonal anticalcitonin antibody by immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. Normal thyroids from adult patients with no thyroid disease were used as control. C cells were counted in 1 cm2 fields and the mean number of cells per field was calculated. Data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney test. The inflammatory process detected in cases of HT was usually moderate (50%) and the number of C cells ranged from 0 to 12.2 per 1 cm2 field. The number of C cells in normal thyroids ranged from 20 to 148 per 1 cm2 field, with a median of 35.2 cells per field. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in C cell number in HT compared with normal thyroids, indicating that the inflammatory process causes destruction of both follicular and C cells, which are replaced by fibrosis.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1997

[The disinfection of nebulizers in a basic health unit in Ribeirão Preto].

Considering the widely divergent views of the nursing staff with respect to nebulizer disinfection in Basic Health Units (BHU) and to the lack of standardization of the use of chemical products and of the disinfection process as a whole, the author undertook an investigation with the following objectives: to observe systematically the routine procedure of nebulizer disinfection in the aerosol room of a BHU, and to detect, point out and warn about possible faults in the disinfection process. The disinfection process was observed directly and systematically and a questionnaire with open questions was applied to the nurse responsible for the service. The results showed that the process of disinfection performed is not consistent with recommendations by the Health Department and/or State Health Secretariat, and that the personnel involved in this activity has incomplete knowledge of the standardization of the use of the chemical products utilized and of the conditions that interfere with their action during the disinfection process. The results obtained indicate the need for a standardization of the disinfection process as whole, according to current sanitary norms and for continual in-service education in order to improve the quality of nursing care provided to the users of health services.

Brazil↗
PubMed1994

[The prevention of hypoxemia during endotracheal suctioning].

This work shows a literature review on the methods of prevention of postsuctioning hypoxemia in critically ill patients under artificial ventilation. Such methods have been proposed and published in the last twenty years. After being organized, these data made it possible to identify the most common methods to prevent postsuctioning hypoxemia. These methods are hyperoxygenation, hyperinflation, hyperoxygenation with hyperinflation and the closed method of tracheal suctioning, which allows for a suction without the interruption of the patient's artificial ventilation. A critical analysis of these methods and techniques, emphasizing the conflicting and concordant aspects presented by the several authors studied, made it possible to identify the superiority of the hyperoxygenation with hyperinflation method through the ventilator and the closed method of tracheal suctioning in the prevention of hypoxemia.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Introducing the human existential dimension into a course on nursing fundamentals].

The study consisted of one historical retrospect of how the course Fundamental of Nursing is being oriented in man focus and the of assistance of nursing given to him. It describes and analyses an experience which has been realized by teachers of course Fundamental of Nursing in the Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto at University of São Paulo. It consists of the philosophical approach about the man who we assist. Consolidate with the Heidegger's ideas, we introduce the man's notions of being-in-the-world-with-the-others, of hospital and disease world and the facets, enabling to see the man as sick, in his-being-sick, as the new perspective of comprehension of human existence.

Brazil↗
PubMed1990

[An alternative proposal for the scientific productivity of nurse practitioners].

We report our experience with University extension courses on research methodology offered to nurse practitioners in order to provide them with some fundaments about the topic. These courses, which were given in 1984, 1986 and 1988 by the Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto-USP, were proposed by the coordinators who felt it is necessary to stimulate the scientific production of nurse practitioners; thus, the basic proposal of the courses was to promote this stimulation, thus, in addition to presenting the content of different research methodologies, the courses discussed nursing research that appeared to be relevant for practice. Some time after the courses were given, the nurses who had taken them were approached in order to obtain information to be used for the elaboration of future courses and to evaluate the contribution made by the initial courses in terms of stimulation of research by nurse practitioners.

Brazil↗
PubMed1989

[The indicators for a restructuring of the nursing degree curriculum: the expectations of professionals and a curriculum assessment by former students].

Two kinds of evidence were used to guide curriculum changes in the Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto (University of São Paulo): 1) a survey of nurses' expectations on their profession, their functions, the other members of the team and on the Nursing School teachers; 2) graduates' (ex-students) curriculum evaluation. We inquired 115 nurses working in 5 general hospitals of Ribeirão Preto, and had a return of 49 questionnaires (42.6%). This questionnary was delivered by the authors personally to the nurses, along with guidances on answering and date for return, and had 9 opened questions. The classification of answers makes possible to assert: the assistance function is the most emphasized by nurses; the student's expectations change during the professional practice; 60% of the informants considered the content of the curriculum disciplines adequate; 69.4% considered the habilitations dispensable.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

C cells in normal thyroid aspirates.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify C cells in normal thyroid aspirates. STUDY DESIGN: Smears of 18 glands from patients with no thyroid disease, 8 women and 10 men aged on average 52.8 years, were analyzed. Five samples were aspirated from the upper, middle and lower thirds of each lateral lobe and from the isthmus. Smears were stained with anticalcitonin monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: C cells were detected in all specimens, ranging in number from 3 to 19 per gland, with 53.4% of the cells in the right lobe, 42.8% in the left lobe and 3.7% in the isthmus. The aspirates from the right lobe had 0-13 cells in the upper third, 0-9 in the middle third and 0-3 in the lower third. In the left lobe aspirates there were 0-7 cells in the upper third, 0-6 in the middle third and 0-2 in the lower third. One to two C cells were observed in the isthmus in only four cases. CONCLUSION: It is possible to determine the presence of C cells in normal thyroids and confirm studies conducted on histologic material; the cells were more frequently detected in the middle and upper third and mainly on the right side. They were rare in the isthmus. The search for C cells in thyroid aspirates is of great importance because it permits one to confirm rapidly, precisely and minimally invasively cases suspected of C cell hyperplasia, a preneoplastic condition that precedes the development of medullary carcinoma. In addition, the method shows numerical changes in these cells in such conditions as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and colloid goiter, in which the present results could serve as a control.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical wound infection--a complication of mastectomy].

The present study contains a retrospective analysis of thirty medical reports of patients that were submitted to mastectomy at a school hospital, and has the objective of knowing the frequency of surgical injury infection, relating it to predisposed factors to infection. The frequency founded was 40%, a percentage above the level pointed in the literature, suggesting that can be included in it cases of seroma, due the indicators utilized to define infection and the absence of laboratory exams registers in the consulted medical reports.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of air volume in the entotracheals tube cuff].

The aim of this study is to determine the best regulation of air volume to be inflated into cuffs of different endotracheal canula diameters of high residual volume and low pressure. Maintaining the pressure exercised by a balloon in the trachea mucous membrane between preconized limits of 20 to 30 mmHg (less than the trachea capillary pressure). Therefore, 10 ml of air have been inflated into the canular cuff of intubed patients with different internal diameters (7.0-7.5- 8.0-8.5-9.0) one by one, measuring each millilitre of inflated air, the corresponding to pressure of the cuff in the trachea mucous membrane. The monitoring of the pressure has been made by a previously calibrated manometer. The procedure has been performed in 25 adult patients of both sexes, grouped in numbers of 5 for each internal tube diameter. The results have been analysed through linear regression analysis which has shown a close relationship between ml of inflated air and pressure in the cuff by tube diameter. After analysing the results, the author indicated, by means of graphic representation, the quantity of air to be inflated in the cuff and respective exercised pressure on the trachea mucous membrane, by tube meter, in a way to offer a contribution to the staff who provides assistance to intubed patients, in the sense of minimising the possible injuries and complications and assure a better respiratory ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of procedures used for disinfecting patients' units in hospitals of the state of Sao Paulo].

The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the procedure used for disinfecting patients' rooms, as well as to detect and indicate possible mistakes in this process. The results obtained through interviews with nursing professionals responsible for the Nursing Services reveal that the procedures used in the studied hospitals are not following the principles required by the literature. As a consequence there is little reliability concerning disinfecting procedures in those hospitals.

Disinfection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A longitudinal study of healthy Staphylococcus aureus carriers among the students of a nursing aide course].

The objective of the present study was to determine the extent of colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and the evolution of carrier status among students of a technical nursing course during their professional training. Forty students participated in the study, samples were collected from their nasal cavity and right and left hands at six different times during the technical nursing course. Nineteen students (45.2%) were found to be occasional carriers, 12 (28.6%) were intermittent carriers, 6 (14.3%) were persistent carriers, and 5 (11.9%) were non-carriers, showing that colonization did not increase during the course. Twenty-four of them (57.1%) did not perform activities related to nursing before or during the course, whereas 18 (42.9%) performed them.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of physical exercise and sodium intake on arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in rats.

Evidence shows that cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Several stimuli may cause CH-like manifestations and promote volume or pressure overload. Exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy is an expected adaptation to regular exercise training. Salt intake has been shown to be the most important determinant of blood pressure in different populations. The purpose of the present work was to verify the influence of physical exercise and sodium intake on the blood pressure and myocardium. The study was performed on 36 rats divided into six groups: Group I (diet without salt overload), Group II (diet without salt overload and swimming), Group III (diet with 2.5% NaCl solution and swimming), Group IV (diet with 5% NaCl solution and swimming), Group V (diet with 2.5% NaCl solution without exercise), Group VI (diet with 5% NaCl solution without exercise). The arterial pressure was significantly lower in Group I when compared with Group IV. The ratio of cardiac mass/body mass was increased in Groups III and IV. In conclusion, there was evidence that exercise training and NaCl intake promotes arterial hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kidney function after left renal vein ligation in the dog.

The ligature of the left renal vein is an alternative whenever this vessel is injured. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the affluents of the left renal vein, proximal to the ligature, to maintain tissue vitality and function of the left kidney. Fifteen mongrel male dogs were divided in 3 groups of 5 dogs: Group I (control) - a laparotomy was performed, and the abdominal structures were only identified; Group II - the left renal vein was tied, close to vena cava; Group III - the same procedure as for Group II and a right nephrectomy. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were measured before the procedure, and every 3 days during 4 weeks in the postoperative period. Renal arteriography and an excretory urogram were performed on the animals that survived 60 days. Thereafter, or immediately after precocious death, the kidneys were removed for histological examination. All the animals of Group III died before two months (mean = 10.5 +-3.2 days), while the animals of Group II survived during that period. There was a complete exclusion of the left kidney in all dogs that underwent renal vein ligature. In the animals of Group II, the renal cortico-medullary limits could not be identified. At microscopy, the aspect was suggestive of nephrosclerosis. In the animals of Group III, the left kidney was enlarged, and a great amount of intravascular and intrapelvic blood clots were observed. At microscopy, extensive areas of necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hemorrhage were identified. In conclusion, the tributaries of the renal vein were not sufficient to maintain the tissue vitality and function of the left kidney after ligature of its main vein.

Animals↗