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B M Wikström

Publications and source records attributed to B M Wikström.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Works of art: a complement to theoretical knowledge when teaching nursing care.

Visual art dialogues were used in student nurses' education as a teaching and learning complement to theoretical knowledge of nursing care. An intervention group as well as a control group discussed what was characteristic of good nursing care. The control group was used to control for the effects of visual art dialogues in the intervention group. The study was undertaken at two university colleges of health sciences in Sweden. Data were collected from student nurses (n = 267) during their first year of study. The Wheel Questionnaire was used in the intervention group and control group. It measured three aspects of student nurses' perception of nursing situations: structure, the extent of emotional involvement, and motivation. The results showed statistical differences (one way ANOVA) between the intervention group in which visual art dialogues were implemented and the control group. Students in the intervention group, compared to the control group, were more structured, motivated and emotionally balanced when they expressed the elements most typical of good nursing care. They showed personal readiness in caring situations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Work of art dialogues: an educational technique by which students discover personal knowledge of empathy.

The visual art programme was an approach used to facilitate students' discovery of personal knowledge of empathy. The research programme constituted the first phase of an existing theory course in empathy. It involved a visual-verbal-writing process in which a reproduction of Edvard Munch's The Sick Child was studied and interpreted with a focus on personal knowledge of empathy. Data were collected from two university colleges of health sciences in Sweden during a period of 4 years (1995-1998). Student nurses (n = 428) in the undergraduate programme served as the study population. In the first stage, the students worked alone on written reports. Then, in small-groups, they discussed whether the picture facilitated the discovery of a personal knowledge of empathy. The results showed that the visual art programme stimulated the students to discuss and write about empathy. The ambiguity in the painting and the relaxed study situation was favourable to the students' discovery of their personal knowledge of empathy.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Visual art dialogues with elderly persons: effects on perceived life situation.

AIM: The investigation was aimed towards constructing a visual art programme for communication with elderly. METHODS: Pictures of works of art were used in a controlled intervention study. Dialogues were performed with elderly persons (age 82.6 years) at a senior's apartment building. The Wheel Questionnaire parameters structure, motivation, and emotional investment were analysed using ANOVA (mixed model). FINDINGS: Significant improvement was found in the visual art group (n = 20) compared with a matched control group (n = 20) over the studied period of time. Communication directions were different in the intervention group compared with the control group. In the intervention group there was an inexhaustible source of topics to be discussed that originated from pictures of works of art. In the control group the dialogues dealt with daily events in the elderly persons' lives. During the final phase of the intervention period it was difficult to find topics of conversation in the control group compared with the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: The visual art programme is an example of how the language of works of art could be used for nursing management. The findings show a new way to care for elderly persons that builds upon elderly persons' knowledge and personal experience.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Nursing education at an art gallery.

PURPOSE: To introduce an experiential teaching-learning method in nursing education based on art gallery visits. Works of art communicate a broad spectrum of human experiences and thoughts, and can be useful when studying interpersonal relations. DESIGN: Theoretical framework on experiential learning was based on writings of Dewey and Burnard. Data were collected from nursing students (N = 206) at a university college of health sciences in Sweden during a 3-year period, 1995-1998. METHOD: The pedagogical approach was experiential and based on three phases: observation, conceptualisation, and reflection. When students visited the art gallery, they were encouraged to look for metaphoric expressions of interpersonal relations. Students were asked to interpret the art, report findings to fellow-students, and evaluate the program. FINDINGS: Studying works of art was a powerful teaching-learning method for understanding interpersonal relations. Students related interpretations of a work of art to interpersonal relations in nursing. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students' observations and understanding of interpersonal relations were enhanced by the art gallery program.

Art↗
PubMed1993

The reliability of autopsy diagnostics: inter-observer variation between pathologists, a preliminary report.

The aim of the study was to analyse the agreement between pathologists regarding macroscopic autopsy diagnostics. Four pathologists examined 35 autopsies and determined the principal disease and its complications, the immediate cause of death, other major diseases and their complications, and minor diseases. The participants were paired and their diagnoses were analysed by using kappa statistics for interobserver variation. The agreement on the principal disease was almost perfect between the participants (kappa values between 0.83 and 0.97), whereas that on the immediate cause of death was moderate/substantial (kappa values between 0.43-0.75). The list of all other major diseases and their complications was almost complete for each observer, but that of the minor diseases showed a more considerable variation. In spite of the high level of agreement it is recommended that the autopsy findings be discussed among pathologists if the clinical picture cannot be explained satisfactorily, and that the cause of death be determined by the clinicians after the demonstration of the autopsy.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1993

Medical health and emotional effects of art stimulation in old age. A controlled intervention study concerning the effects of visual stimulation provided in the form of pictures.

The present article reports on a controlled intervention study of the effects of a nondirected use of pictures as a possible modality for improving well-being in elderly women. Works of art were chosen for the individual taste pattern on the basis of psychological and art scientific research on aesthetic reactions to and perception of art. Participants were randomly allocated either to the intervention (n = 20) or to the control (n = 20) group. Participants in both groups had the same amount of social contact with and attention from the experimenter. The difference between the groups indicated improved well-being in the intervention group, an improvement not seen in the control group. The quantitative analyses of the results reveal a significant improvement of the positive mood parameters happiness, peacefulness, satisfaction and calmness and the negative parameters low-spirited, unhappy and sad. Systolic blood pressure decreased and an improvement was seen in the subjects' medical health status with regard to reported dizziness, fatigue, pain and use of laxatives.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Psychophysiological effects of stimulation with pictures of works of art in old age.

The present article reports on a controlled intervention study concerning the effects of non-directed use of pictures of works of art as a way of stimulating institutionalized elderly women. After the stimulation period differences in ratings between the groups indicated improved well-being in the intervention group. Such improvement was not seen in the C-group. The quantitative analyses of the results reveal a significant change of the parameters happiness, peacefulness, creativeness, social activities and systolic blood pressure. The qualitative analysis shows that the conversations about pictures of works of art in the intervention group give the person free rein to her own imagination and are merely characterized by happiness. In the control group the conversations are to a great extent characterized by downheartedness, despair and complaining.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aging perceived through visual art observations.

A reproduction of a work of art by the Swedish artist Lena Cronquist was introduced into clinical practice in student nurse education. Student nurses (n = 366) in a first semester course served as the study population, and the study was undertaken at two university colleges of health sciences in Sweden. The students studied the painting from the point of view of a situation that depicted an elderly woman in a sickbed. The study findings implied a valuable learning situation in which the students perceived aging in a sensitive and nuanced manner.

Aged↗