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Biomedical subjects

B Mackay

Publications and source records attributed to B Mackay.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Functioning oxyphil cell adenomas of parathyroid gland: immunoperoxidase evidence of hormonal activity in oxyphil cells.

Functional oxyphil adenomas of parathyroid gland are rare. Several studies have suggested that these tumors consist of a mixed cell population and that the transitional oxyphil cells and/or chief cells are the main source of parathormone, while the fully developed oxyphil cells have minimal or no hormonal activity. This report describes light, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical features of six parathyroid adenomas, and confirms that these neoplasms are composed of a mixed cell population. It also demonstrates that the oxyphil cells have strong hormonal activity and therefore can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical demonstration of multiple neurohormonal polypeptides in a case of pure testicular carcinoid.

A primary pure testicular carcinoid from a 48-year-old man was examined with antisera raised against various neurohormonal polypeptides. Histochemically, both argyrophil and argentaffin reactions were positive. The immunohistochemical finding of immunoreactive cells for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (serotonin), substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) demonstrated the multihormonal nature of this tumor.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1982

Clinical and pharmacologic investigation of the effects of alpha-tocopherol on adriamycin cardiotoxicity.

Our data indicate that alpha-tocopherol used in an oral dose of 2 g/m2 daily results in a six- to eightfold increase of the vitamin E levels in serum. The occurrence of congestive heart failure in three patients and the observation of significant pathologic changes in endomyocardial biopsies in approximately half of the patients treated with a median cumulative adriamycin dose level of 550 mg/m2 indicate that alpha-tocopherol does not offer substantial protection against adriamycin-induced cardiac toxicity. The antitumor activity of the drug, however, is not compromised by the concomitant administration of the vitamin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Reduction of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by prolonged continuous intravenous infusion.

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) was administered by continuous infusion to reduce peak plasma levels and thus lessen cardiac toxicity. Cardiotoxicity was monitored by noninvasive methods, and endomyocardial biopsy specimens were studied by electronmicroscopy. Cardiotoxicity was compared in 21 patients receiving doxorubicin intravenously over 48 or 96 hours and in 30 control patients treated by standard intravenous injection. Both groups were studied prospectively and were well matched by risk factors for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. The median cumulative dose for those receiving continuous infusion was 600 mg/m2 body surface area (range, 360 to 1500 mg/m2) compared with 465 mg/m2 (range 290 to 680 mg/m2) in the control group (p = 0.002). Fourteen of the 30 patients in the control group showed severe morphologic changes in the biopsy specimens, precluding further doxorubicin administration, as compared with two of 21 patients receiving the drug by continuous infusion (p less than 0.02). The mean pathologic score for the infusion group, 0.9, was lower than the mean for the control group, 1.6 (p = 0.004). Antitumor activity was not compromised. Decreasing peak plasma levels of doxorubicin by continuous infusion reduces cardiotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Aggressive meningioma with jugular vein extension. Case report with ultrastructural observations.

A meningioma that was seen initially as a mass in the upper portion of the neck in a 44-year-old woman was studied by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy demonstrated that the tumor was within the lumen of the internal jugular vein. Ultrastructural features led to the diagnosis of meningioma. The clinical findings indicate that the tumor arose within the cranial cavity, invaded a venous sinus, and extended down the internal jugular vein into the upper portion of the neck.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Anaplastic malignant neoplasms: diagnosis and treatment.

We studied 35 patients referred to M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute with a histologic diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. Further subclassification of the tumors based on elements suggestive of tumor differentiation detected on light and electron microscopic examination was possible in 22 of the 35 patients. The stage of tumor at diagnosis was of prognostic importance. Patients who had localized surgically resectable disease had significantly longer survival than those with regional tumor invasion or distant tumor metastasis. Patients with metastatic subclassified tumors had response to chemotherapy and survival duration not different from patients with metastatic undifferentiated tumors. The use of multidrug combinations containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCl (Adriamycin), and dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome) seems to improve the survival of patients with metastatic anaplastic malignant neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of stretching the superior vena cava on heart rate in rats.

The effect on the heart rate of stretching the superior vena cava 3-4 mm above its entrance to the right atrium was examined in rats anesthetized with chloralose. The superior vena cava was stretched 41 times in 16 rats. There was a mean increase of 24.1 +/- 1.9 (SE) beats/min. This response was abolished (6 rats) by sympathetic blockade (with propranolol hydrochloride and bretylium tosylate) and by bilateral vagosympathectomy (5 rats). Application of lidocaine to the cervical vagi also abolished the response in a reversible manner (4 rats). In five rats, histological examination of the superior vena cava revealed an abundance of nerves, which formed a net in the stretched region. Complex unencapsulated nerve endings similar to those demonstrated in the dog and cat were not found.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Primary oat cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Oat cell carcinoma of the larynx is a rare and highly malignant tumor. Five cases are reported and the world literature is reviewed. Three of the five patients had distant metastases when they were first seen with hoarseness. The radiographic and histologic findings and treatment regimen for one patient are described, as well as correct recommendations for therapy of these tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sinusoidal large cell ("histiocytic") lymphoma.

A sinusoidal pattern of involvement by large cell ("histiocytic") lymphoma was present focally or throughout the initial lymph node biopsies of 18 patients. Clinical, ultrastructural, histochemical, and immunopathologic studies confirm that this is lymphoma. The recognition of this variant of large cell lymphoma is important in avoiding the common misdiagnoses, which were metastatic carcinoma, metastatic malignant melanoma, and malignant histiocytosis. The number of patients is too small for comment on whether the pattern has prognostic implications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Small cell tumor of cervix with neuroepithelial features: ultrastructural observations in two cases.

Two cases of small cell tumor of the uterine cervix are reported in which electron microscopic studies indicated that the tumor cells were of neural crest origin. Both tumors behaved aggressively, and metastatic involvement of pancreas was demonstrated in one patient, while the second patient developed liver metastasis. The need to distinguish these neoplasms from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is stressed. The tumors are compared with small cell neuroepithelial neoplasms previously reported as adult neuroblastomas.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Proteinaceous lymphadenopathy with hypergammaglobulinemia.

Three cases of a morphologically distinctive "sclerosis" of lymph nodes are presented. Two patients experienced recurring lymph node enlargement with associated mild malaise over an extended period. The first patient had unilateral axillary lymph node enlargement, but was asymptomatic and died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 17 years later with no evidence of lymph node enlargement at autopsy. Each patient had at least transient hypergammaglobulinemia, one with elevated IgM and IgA, one with elevated IgM, and one (from 1958) not further analyzed. Lymph node biopsies revealed extensive deposition of eosinophilic material in all three patients. Identical changes in lymph nodes have been described in chronic diseases. The eosinophilic material may be related to amyloid, but differs from it histochemically and ultrastructurally. The relationship of this lesion to the few cases reported as amyloidosis presenting as lymph node enlargement is discussed. Malignant lymphoma with sclerosis is the most important consideration in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effects of socialist transformation on the fertility of the rural population of Ethiopia.

"Drawing on the experience of pre-revolutionary Russia, Poland, India, the Philippines and Kenya, an attempt is made to assess the implications the 1975 Land Reform will have [for] fertility in rural Ethiopia. The experience of these countries strongly suggests that in the short run, the 1975 Land Reform will have a powerful positive effect on the fertility of the rural population. Change in favour of smaller families will set in once the peasant mode of production becomes progressively socialized."

Africa↗