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Biomedical subjects

B Mafart

Publications and source records attributed to B Mafart.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Thoracic aortic dissection revealed by systemic cholesterol embolism].

Systemic cholesterol embolism is a rare complication of atherosclerosis, and has various presentations. Arterial catheterisms are a common cause. However, the association with an aortic dissection has been exceptionally reported. We report the observation of a 70 year-old man, with coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Six months before hospitalization, a coronary angioplasty was performed due to recurrent angina. The association of purpuric lesions on the feet, with acute renal failure confirmed cholesterol embolism syndrome. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed a dissection of the descending thoracic aorta associated with complex atheroma. The evolution was marked by the pulpar necrosis of a toe and by a worsening of the renal failure, requiring definitive hemodialysis. Further echographic control highlighted the rupture of the intimal veil of the dissection. Cholesterol embolism syndrome may reveal an aortic dissection in patients without thoracic symptoms. In such cases, transoesophageal echocardiography is a useful and non-invasive examination.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Coronal and apical lesions, environmental factors: study in a modern and an archeological population.

Apical periodontitis (AP) are frequent findings in contemporary dental practice in association with dental pathology or dental care. They have also been studied from an anthropological background. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of apical and dental lesions in an archeological Middle Ages sample and a modern population, and to evaluate the influence of environmental factors. Both the archaeological sample group and dental practice subjects were from southern France. The study included full mouth surveys of 252 individuals (2,780 teeth) from a historic necropolis and 223 subjects (5,678 teeth) randomly selected from the Gard area. Tooth wear, caries, and AP were accounted for clinically and radiographically according to specific indexes. Significant differences were found between period and age in the archeological sample as regards the main risk factors for AP. Antemortem teeth loss and dental wear had been reduced, whereas caries rates and AP had increased between archaeological and modern population. The AP ratio was associated with the level of dental care in the modern population. Although significant variations could be observed between archaeological periods, the rupture in E3 (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) leads to consider the associated population as a premodern. However, it was found that although cultural and alimentary factors seemed to be the main risk factors in an archeological population, dental care seemed to have a strong influence on AP ratio in modern ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Apical lesions.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2004

Dental crowding in a prehistoric population.

The aims of this study were to investigate dental crowding from the Copper Age and examine the extent and patterns of wear. Crowding was estimated in 43 adult mandibles using Little's irregularity index. Dental wear, dental diameters, arch width and the presence of third molars were also studied as possible aetiological factors for crowding. The remains were found at the archaeological site of Roaix, located in the south of France. Radiocarbon dating indicated that the lower layer was from 2150 +/- 140 years BC (date +/- 1 standard deviation) and the upper level from 2090 +/- 140 years. The graves were estimated to contain the remains of 150 adults and 50 children. Forty-three intact mandibles were used for this study. All of the mandibles presented incisor crowding with a majority of minimal and moderate irregularities, but in seven cases there were extreme irregularities and in two canine impaction was observed. These results are in contrast with the literature where it is reported that malocclusions were rare in prehistoric populations. The findings of this study suggest that crowding may be of a genetic origin and might not be caused by excessive tooth size or changes in environmental factors (masticatory activity).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Brief communication: Study of noncarious cervical tooth lesions in samples of prehistoric, historic, and modern populations from the South of France.

Noncarious tooth lesions (NCTL) are frequent findings in contemporary dental practices. Unlike other dental and periodontal diseases, NCTL have not been studied in an anthropological context. The purpose of the present study was to compare the prevalence of NCTL in three archaeological samples from the Copper Age and Middle Ages and in subjects examined in three dental practices. Both archaeological samples and dental-practice subjects were from southern France. In the archaeological sample group, no NCTL were detected in 3,927 teeth from 259 individuals. In the dental-practice group, prevalence rates were in agreement with current epidemiological data. Our data also suggest that prevalence of NCTL increases with age and is higher in females. Premolars were the most affected tooth type. Occurrence of NCTL has long been attributed to toothbrushing and to erosion by intrinsic and extrinsic acids. More recently, occlusal stress associated with tooth flexure has been implicated. The reasons underlying the total absence of NCTL in archaeological samples are discussed. The most likely explanations involve differences in lifestyle, diet, and dental condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Indigenous medical assistance in Madagascar (1898-1950)].

The foundations of local health services in Madagascar were laid when the island was taken over by the French in 1896. Medical care was a major priority for the first colonial governor named General Galliéni. Local health services expanded greatly from 1896 to 1950 thanks notably to institutions such as the Tananarive Medical School and Pasteur Institute. These services played a crucial role in the fight against smallpox and bubonic plague. However they were also used for political purposes by both colonial and independent governments. In sum the history of local health services in Madagascar can be described as a battle between political power and scientific knowledge. The overall result is positive for some and controversial for others.

France↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of occlusion in medieval and present-day populations in southeast France.

Two groups living in southeast France several centuries apart were compared to assess changes in occlusion from medieval times to the present day. The present-day sample included 82 people, and the medieval sample included the skulls of 58 people who lived between the 8th and the 17th centuries. Variations in tooth contacts were examined in accordance with Angle classification. A decrease in Class III occlusion (mesioclusion) was noted from medieval to present-day populations. The rate of Class II occlusion (distoclusion) has increased progressively and has became a general feature in the present-day population (34%). Although the rate of Class I occlusion has generally decreased from proto-historic and medieval times to the present day, it is still the highest percentage (45%) and thus the "normal" reference in European populations. This study highlights distoclusion in human teeth and allowed us to ask questions about functional, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors that cause this malocclusion as opposed to the global harmony that Angle described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Buerger's disease and coronary disease].

The authors report the case of a 33 year old man with distal occlusive arterial disease diagnosed as Buerger's disease, with two previous transient ischaemic attacks and coronary disease resulting in myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed narrowing of the second segment of the left anterior descending artery, occluded distally and not suitable for revascularisation. The observation of coronary artery disease is very rare in Buerger's disease and data of coronary angiography are very sparse in this context. The occurrence of myocardial infarction and the angiographic appearances of the left anterior descending artery raise the question of coronary involvement of Buerger's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Salmonella aortic valve endocarditis presenting with rupture of a femoral artery mycotic aneurysm].

The incidence of Salmonella enteritidis infections has greatly increased over the last few years. Cardiovascular are amongst the most severe extra-digestive complications. The authors report a case of Salmonella enteritidis presenting with rupture of a femoral artery mycotic aneurysm in a chronic alcoholic patient. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from blood cultures and the operation specimen after the obligatory limb amputation. The outcome was finally favourable after appropriate antibiotic therapy with a residual, stable grade 3 aortic regurgitation. This rare condition is generally observed in immuno-compromised subjects and carries a high mortality (40 to 70% of cases). The initial infectious signs may be masked, and, in these cases, rupture of an aneurysm is often the mode of presentation. Rapid treatment is essential with, ideally, resection of the aneurysm with reestablishment of arterial continuity and adapted, prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1998

[The heart and the eosinophil].

The beneficial effects of polynuclear eosinophils (PE) are well known. However, under certain circumstances, PE can be harmful. The heart is a prime target for PE toxicity which is due to release of basic proteins by eosinophils including major basic protein, cationic protein, and peroxidase. The most common manifestation of PE toxicity is chronic parietal endocarditis (CPE) which regroups two entities: Loeffler's fibroplastic endocarditis and Davies' endomyocardial fibrosis. Loeffler's fibroplastic endocarditis occurs mainly in temperate climates. Patients present high, persistent eosinophil levels similar to those observed in essential hypereosinophilic syndrome (EHS) or Chusid syndrome. Davies' endomyocardial fibrosis occurs in tropical countries where eosinophilic helminthiasis are endemic. The incidence of eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is low but probably underestimated. EM can be observed in any case involving PE and has been described in many cases of drug-induced atopy, in Churg and Strauss syndrome, and in EHS. The most common cause of death is short-term occurrence of cardiogenic shock or dilated hypokinetic cardiomyopathy. Some patients have been successfully treated by early, intensive corticosteroid therapy and/or heart transplantation. The nosological classification of EM and CPE remains controversial. The two disorders may form a continuum with CPE as the second phase. Other authors have suggested that EM and CPE result from the action of PE on two distinct targets, i.e. endothelial cells for EM and myocytes for CPE. In the future, it may be possible to identify subjects with a predisposition to PE-induced heart disease by studying of genes coding for interleukins (IL-5, IL-4, IL-3) and GM-CSF in the 5q31-q33 region of chromosome 5.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Aorto-coronary dysplasia and pseudoxanthoma elastica].

The authors report the case of a 50 year old man with pseudowanthoma elastica with a history of myocardial infarction and severe aortic regurgitation. Angiography showed multiple coronary artery aneurysms and aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic annulus. The outcome after triple coronary bypass surgery with aortic valve replacement in a valved Bentall conduit was favourable. Pseudoxanthoma elastica is a rare condition in which the prognosis depends on the degree of vascular involvement. In this context, coronary artery aneurysms and aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta are rare complications.

Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
PubMed1998

[History of the concept of quarantine].

Quarantine is a concept developed by society to protect against the outbreak of contagious diseases. From its original application in the favorable context of Medieval Europe, the quarantine concept has been driven by three main currents. The first involves the personification of epidemics. Although this personification had superstitious implications and led to many excesses, it did have the merit of establishing a concrete connection between travel and outbreak of disease. The second fundamental aspect of quarantining is the existence of a social organization capable of providing the necessary infrastructure for isolation. Specialized facilities are needed and laws must be made and enforced by competent officials. The last fundamental aspect of the development of the quarantine concept is the role of science. After a long process involving better medical knowledge and international negotiations, epidemic controls has largely outgrown the early stage involving essentially local control measures. In accordance with the development of these three currents, infected individuals have been branded as curse bearers, possible criminals, and innocent victims of natural contamination. While forced quarantine is no longer practiced, several recent examples of heated debates illustrate that strong emotional feelings are still present in societies threatened by epidemic disease outbreak. Since the major responsibility for disease control now rests in their hands, physicians must take these factors into account for management of possible future epidemic crises.

Cholera↗
PubMed1997

[Cardiovascular risk for the traveler].

The incidence of cardiovascular events during travel is rising with the age of the population and number of traveling seniors. Cardiovascular events are the second most frequent reason for medical evacuation and the cause of 50% of deaths recorded during commercial air travel. In most cases the underlying disorder is coronary artery disease which is readily destabilized by stress and fatigue associated with travel. Inflight conditions that can cause problems include altitude-related hypoxia, pressurization, and cramped seating in most sections of the plane. Upon arrival the traveler is exposed to a variety of climatic, food, and environmental factors that can trigger manifestations of latent heart disease. Prophylactic drugs for tropical infectious disease (especially antimalarials of the quinidine group) should be used with caution due to possible adverse interaction with medications used to treat heart disease. A pre-travel examination is necessary to ascertain cardiovascular status and define simple preventive precautions.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

[Ventricular extrasystole and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Critical analysis of the diagnostic value of non-invasive tests].

Asymptomatic ventricular extrasystoles were discovered in 2 active sportsmen (32 and 33 years). The cardiology work-up rapidly led to the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in one. In the other, the clinical presentation was similar and the initial diagnosis was ventricular extrasystole with a healthy heart. Four years later however, the subject was still asymptomatic but a second evaluation revealed arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. This delayed diagnosis emphasizes the importance of renewed noninvasive evaluation of patients with asymptomatic ventricular extrasystoles.

Adult↗