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Biomedical subjects

B Malbruny

Publications and source records attributed to B Malbruny.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Molecular study of nosocomial nocardiosis outbreak involving heart transplant recipients.

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotyping) were compared as methods of investigating a nosocomial outbreak of nocardiosis involving three heart transplant recipients. No clear distinctions between three clinically related isolates and four unrelated strains were obtained by ribotyping. On the contrary, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis with two selected primers, primers 2650 and DKU49, showed one pattern for the three related isolates and four patterns for the unrelated strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Recall of the importance of serological monitoring of children with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis].

Emphasis is put on the need for repeating serologic tests at regular intervals until one year of age in infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis. In 11 of 33 cases, antibody titer changes were the only evidence of toxoplasmosis, a disease which may induce severe ocular lesions if appropriate treatment is not given. Although well-recognized as indispensable, serologic monitoring is not always performed; in one group of 326 infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis, 133 (41%) were not followed up for more than six weeks.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1991

[Resistance of hospital flora to imipenem. Experience in two intensive care units].

Imipenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic active against most Gram-negative bacilli. Between July 1, 1987 and September 30, 1989 (9 semesters), the activity of imipenem against 6 micro-organisms was tested in two intensive care units attached to the university hospital of Caen (Normandy). During the same period, the consumption of imipenem was evaluated from the number of vials drawn by each of these two units from the central pharmacy. Imipenem was found to be 100 percent effective against 5 of the 6 micro-organisms tested, but transient falls in sensitivity and an increase in imipenem consumption were observed when Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the pathogen. The most probable cause of these transient decreases of imipenem activity against Ps. aeruginosa was the existence of a resistant strain which showed a protein abnormality in its outer membrane by temporary selection pressure.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1989

[Value of IgA detection in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis].

The detection of IgA in serum by immunocapture agglutination assay is easy to perform in routine. It represents a valuable element for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The presence of IgA, even more than that of IgM, evokes a recent infection. However, caution must be taken in using the results to date back the infection since kinetics of IgA production, like other immunoglobulins, may depend on individual variations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Use of an antibioprophylaxis with pefloxacin and fosfomycin in cardiac surgery in patients with beta-lactam hypersensitivity].

An association of pefloxacin plus fosfomycin was used as antibioprophylaxis in beta lactam allergic patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiovascular-bypass. Pefloxacin (800 mg), was administered orally, one hour before anesthetic induction and fosfomycin (60 mg/kg) was injected at the time of induction. The whole course of prophylaxis wat 24 hours. Antibiotic concentrations were measured in serum before (P1, P2) during (C1, C2, C3, C4) and after cardiovascular-bypass (P3) and in bone, endocardiac and pleural tissues. The efficacy was evaluated on clinical and biological data. Antibiotic levels of pefloxacin were measured by HPLC and those of fosfomycin by bacteriological method. Antibiotic concentrations are high in blood and tissues, without evidence of cardiovascular-bypass influence. The tissue penetration of both drugs is excellent. Two patients have presented serious post-operative infections. The pharmacokinetic of pefloxacin associated with fosfomycin is appropriate during cardiovascular-bypass and the local antibiotic concentrations are above the MIC of the strains commonly responsible of post operative infections in cardiovascular surgery. The clinical efficacy of this prophylaxis must be studied in a large population of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[In vitro antibacterial activity of apalcillin on aerobic bacteria and the regression curve].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of apalcillin (APL) were evaluated by agar dilution on 1,201 bacterial strains isolated simultaneously in four university hospitals; agar diffusion tests (disks APL: 75 micrograms) were performed on these strains to establish relationship between MIC and zone diameters. For Enterobacteriaceae naturally non beta-lactamase-producing (E. coli and P. mirabilis), mode MIC was 0.5 microgram/ml; some acquired penicillinase-producing strains were only inhibited by concentrations greater than or equal to 16. Chromosomal penicillinase producing Klebsiella were inhibited by 2 to 8 micrograms/ml but APL was inactive on acquired penicillinase-producing strains. For chromosomal cephalosporinase-producing species (Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, indole + Proteus and Providencia) two populations of strains were observed: one sensitive and the second resistant to carboxypenicillins: on the first population, mode MIC of APL was 1 to 4 micrograms/ml; on the second MIC were generally greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml. P. aeruginosa strains sensitive to carboxypenicillins were inhibited by 1 and 2 micrograms/ml; this activity was diminished on strains resistant to these antibiotics (MIC APL 8-32). MIC of Acinetobacter varied to 0.25 to greater than 128 with a majority of strains inhibited by 4 to 64 micrograms/ml. APL was active against non penicillinase producing Staphylococci; mode MIC was 2 micrograms/ml for Enterococci. Correlation coefficient of regression curve was 0.87. For critical concentrations less than or equal to 8 and greater than 64 micrograms/ml, critical diameters could be greater than or equal to 19 and less than 12 mm.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1987

[Diffusion, in the bronchial mucus, of enoxacin administered by oral route in man].

The diffusion of Enoxacin into the bronchial mucus was studied in 34 patients admitted because of an acute infectious episode over chronic bronchopathy. They received via the oral route 400 mg of Enoxacin twice daily. The antibiotic concentrations were measured in sputum and serum by microbiological assay and HPLC. The patients were divided into 5 groups according with the timing of sampling: 1, 3, 6, 12 hours after dosing at day 3 (group I, II, III, IV), 3 hours after dosing at day 1, 2 and 3 (group V). Serum concentrations of Enoxacin were low (2.46 mg/l at 3rd hour). Bronchial concentrations exceed blood levels (mean 3.06 mg/l at 3rd hour). The bronchial levels of Enoxacin were above the mean MIC of many respiratory bacterial pathogens.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Effectiveness of piperacillin in the antibacterial treatment of intra-abdominal infections in children].

The effectiveness of piperacillin was investigated in 30 children operated upon for peritonitis: 13 had acute appendicitis with puriform peritoneal reaction, or a recently perforated appendix; 5 had generalized peritonitis of appendicular origin, and 13 had intraperitoneal abscess. In the 12 children who underwent right iliac appendicectomy (with post-operative drainage in 3), piperacillin was administered alone during 5 days; clinical and bacteriological cure was obtained in all cases; the mean duration of stay in hospital was 7 days. The 5 cases of generalized peritonitis required drainage; piperacillin was given alone in 4 of them and combined with an aminoglycoside and metronidazole in one who was in poor general condition. Bacteriology showed a predominance of Escherichia coli alone or associated with other organisms. Clinical and bacteriological cure was obtained in 3 patients; the mean duration of stay in hospital was 12 days. Seven of the 13 cases of intraperitoneal abscess needed drainage. Piperacillin was administered alone for 7 days on average in 10 cases and combined with an aminoglycoside and metronidazole in 2 cases. Eight patients had a favourable course, 5 developed complications. In all 3 groups piperacillin was tell tolerated. A patch of urticaria was noted in 2 cases and a transient skin rash in 2 other cases. No neutropenia was observed in these children whose treatment never exceeded 10 days.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime injected peritoneally in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis].

Peritonitis is the most frequent complication in patients under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Intraperitoneal administration of ceftazidime in a dose of 125 mg per liter dialysate achieved serum concentrations higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations of most organisms in spite of low peritoneal clearance. Serum concentration was stable up to the 120th hour. Dialysate osmolarity had no influence on serum concentration, peritoneal absorption or clearance of ceftazidime. Peritoneal inflammation did not cause changes in ceftazidime pharmacokinetics. Ceftazidime used alone as the first choice treatment was successful in 85%, of cases.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

[Diffusion of an orally administered single dose of ofloxacin into human bronchial mucus].

As part of a systematic investigation of the penetration of antibiotics into human bronchial mucus, we assayed ofloxacin concentrations following ingestion of a single dose. 25 patients with acute superinfection of a chronic lower respiratory tract disease were studied. Each patient had single drug therapy with ofloxacin in a daily dosage of 200 mg taken in the morning on an empty stomach. Patients were divided into five groups according to the time interval between ingestion of ofloxacin and collection of samples (bronchial mucus and serum): 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours or 24 hours. Duplicate determinations of ofloxacin on individual samples were done using a microbiologic method. Mean serum concentrations were 1.85, 1.64, 1.32, 0.75 and 0.20 mg/l respectively, with a half-life of 6.7 hours; the corresponding concentrations in mucus were 1.83, 1.51, 1.20, 0.66 and 0.19. These results demonstrate ofloxacin's outstanding penetration into bronchial mucus.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Multicenter study of ofloxacin activity on bacteria isolated from a hospital environment].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ofloxacin were evaluated by agar dilution for 1508 bacterial strains isolated in five hospitals. For Enterobacteriaceae sensitive to nalidixic acid, MICs ranged from 0.008 to 1 microgram/ml (mode MIC: 0.12); the different species of Enterobacteriaceae exhibited similar mode MICs (0.12) with the exception of E. coli (0.06-0.12), P. mirabilis (0.5) and Providencia (0.25). Among strains intermediate and resistant to nalidixic acid, most of which were Serratia, Providencia and Citrobacter, 41% had a MIC within the susceptibility range, while the others had a MIC of 2 to 8 micrograms/ml, or even 64 micrograms/ml in a few instances. Ofloxacin also exhibited satisfactory activity against P. aeruginosa, with MICs ranging from 0.25 to 16 micrograms/ml (mode MIC: 2) for 87% of strains, and A. calcoaceticus, with MICs from 0.25 to 2 micrograms/ml (mode MIC: 1). Haemophilus sp. (MIC: 0.008 to 0.06 microgram/ml; mode MIC: 0.03), Gonococci (mode MIC: 0.008), and Meningococci (mode MIC: 0.016) were very sensitive to ofloxacin. The spectrum of ofloxacin included Gram positive cocci: MICs of Staphylococci were 0.06 to 2 micrograms/ml (mode MIC: 0.5); Enterococci, other Streptococci and Pneumococci were less sensitive, with MICs of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml for the majority of strains. As for anaerobic bacteria, ofloxacin proved more active against Clostridium (0.5 to 2 micrograms/ml) than Bacteroides (0.5 to 16 micrograms/ml).

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

[Aztreonam. Diffusion into bronchial mucus].

In a prospective study of antibiotics' diffusion into human bronchial mucus, we compared serum and mucus concentrations of aztreonam, a new beta lactam belonging to the monobactam group. Twenty patients were given aztreonam (1 g twice a day) for an acute purulent exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and divided into four groups according to the time of sampling (0.5, 1, 1.5 or 3 h). Samples were taken on the first and third treatment days. Antibiotic concentrations were assayed using agar diffusion and HPLC. Aztreonam concentrations were low, similar to those achieved with other beta lactams. According to the time sampling, levels ranged from 0.27 to 1 mg/l and 0.4 to 1.15 mg/l on the first and third treatment days respectively. Corresponding serum levels were 90 mg/l and 30 mg/l, respectively 30 mn and 3 h after dose ingestion.

Aztreonam↗