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Biomedical subjects

B Martindale

Publications and source records attributed to B Martindale.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: II. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation.

BACKGROUND: Social skills training and cognitive remediation are psychological techniques with considerable face validity for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia and their consequences. This paper provides a meta-analytical review of these treatments. It includes an appreciable number of randomized controlled trials, using comparisons against both standard care and other active interventions. However, the assessment of particular outcomes sometimes had to be based on single studies. METHOD: A detailed search strategy was used to identify randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation, primarily employing electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met predefined criteria were then subjected to meta-analysis on a variety of outcome measures. RESULTS: There was no clear evidence for any benefits of social skills training on relapse rate, global adjustment, social functioning, quality of life or treatment compliance. Cognitive remediation had no benefit on attention, verbal memory, visual memory, planning, cognitive flexibility or mental state. CONCLUSIONS: Social skills training and cognitive remediation do not appear to confer reliable benefits for patients with schizophrenia and cannot be recommended for clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Huntington's chorea: some psychodynamics seen in those at risk and in the responses of the helping professions.

The autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of Huntington's Chorea (HC) has been established for over 100 years. Strong psychological defences against the acceptance of this knowledge are commonly found both in professionals and in Huntington families and relatives who are at risk. One consequence of maintaining these defences is the continuing transmission of the gene, and therefore the disease, to succeeding generations. The defences of professional persons protect them from the difficult and unsettling task of providing genetic counselling to healthy relatives at risk. An increase in awareness of the psychodynamics involved may lead to constructive thinking about the current deficiencies in care and counselling services provided for these families.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Huntington's chorea: neglected opportunities for preventive medicine.

All health professionals within a defined geographical area who had any knowledge of, or contact with, patients with Huntington's chorea or their relatives were contacted and interviewed. Genetic counselling was given no consideration at all by most of the professional workers. In no case did the neurologist making the diagnosis point out the implications for the patient's family to the appropriate general practitioners who, with one exception, remained in ignorance of the genetic risk. Serious opportunities for the prevention of Huntington's chorea are being neglected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Taking a closer look: time sampling and measurement error.

A person manufactured his in-seat behavior for 15, 30-min sessions so that there were three blocks of five sessions where the behavior occurred 20%, 50%, and 80% of the time. Whole interval, partial interval, and momentary time-sample measures of the behavior were taken and compared to the continuous measure of the behavior i.e., per cent of time the behavior occurred. For interval time sampling, the difference between the continuous and sample measures i.e., measurement error, was: (1) extensive, (2) unidirectional, (3) a function of the time per response, and (4) inconsistent across changes in the continuous measure. A procedural analysis demonstrated that the frequency and duration of behavior are confounded in interval time sampling. Momentary time sampling was found to be superior to interval time sampling in estimating the duration a behavior occurs.

Journal Article↗