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Biomedical subjects

B McFarlin

Publications and source records attributed to B McFarlin.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Interleukin-6 expression after repeated bouts of eccentric exercise.

Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to increase in response to eccentric exercise due to an acute-phase immune response. However, the severity of muscle injury is reduced with repeated bouts of eccentric exercise, possibly as a result of decreases in plasma IL-6. This study determined the response of IL-6 mRNA and IL-6, troponin-I (sTnI), muscle strength, and soreness as a result of repeated bouts of eccentric exercise. Eight males underwent two eccentric exercise bouts (3 wk apart) involving 7 sets of 10 repetitions at 150 % of the isotonic 1-RM of the dominant knee extensors. Blood samples were taken before, after and 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h post-exercise. Strength and soreness ratings were assessed before and at 24, 48 and 96 h-post. Data were analyzed with 2 x 4 and 2 x 8 ANOVAs and the non-parametric Friedman test (p < 0.05). Both IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 underwent peak increases (p < 0.05) at 4 h-post and 6 h-post, respectively, but were not different between bouts. However, there were significant changes (p < 0.05) in sTnI, strength, and soreness that were greater after the first bout than the second, characteristic of the repeated bout effect. These results indicate that changes in sTnI, strength and soreness were less with the second eccentric exercise bout whereas the changes in both IL-6 mRNA and protein were not effected between bouts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Does infant feeding method influence maternal postpartum weight loss?

We conducted a retrospective study of 411 women to determine whether a significant relationship existed between method of infant feeding (breast vs bottle) and postpartum weight loss at 6 weeks and 12 months. In addition to method of infant feeding, the variables parity, gravidity, mode of delivery, maternal age, maternal prepregnancy weight, infant sex, and payment status (whether receiving assistance from the Aid to Dependent Children [ADC] program) were studied in terms of their association with weight loss. In general, no consistent relationship was found between method of infant feeding and postpartum weight loss. However, in the ADC group at 6 weeks and in the non-ADC group at 12 months, nonlactating women had lost more weight than had their lactating counterparts, in spite of the theoretical energy deficiency of breast-feeding women. Women who gained more weight during pregnancy consistently lost more weight following delivery, regardless of their prepregnancy weight. These results indicate that infant feeding method was not related to differences in postpartum weight loss between lactating and nonlactating counterparts.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fundal height measurement. Part 3--The effect of maternal position on fundal height measurements.

The effect of maternal position on fundal height measurements was studied in 192 nonobese women between 21 and 36 weeks of gestation. Four clinicians participated in the study and each clinician obtained measurements on 48 women. Fundal height measurements were obtained in each of four positions: supine; trunk elevation; knee flexion; and trunk elevation with knee flexion. The sequence in which measurements were obtained was assigned randomly. Clinicians were blinded to the results of their measurements. Measurements obtained in the supine position were largest, and measurements obtained in the trunk elevation with knee flexion position were smallest. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that measurements obtained in the four positions were significantly different (F = 87.71, df = 3,573, P < .001). A posteriori comparisons demonstrated that measurements obtained in each position were significantly different except for measurements obtained in the trunk elevation and knee flexion positions. These findings indicate that clinicians should be consistent when they position patients to obtain fundal height measurements.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal diagnosis.

The standards for the practice of nurse-midwifery declare competence in prenatal diagnosis as one of the core competencies for basic nurse-midwifery practice. Encompassing the most frequently encountered situations that involve prenatal diagnostic counselling, this article aims at providing insight to the practicing nurse-midwife into the risks and benefits of invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures and prenatal diagnostic testing, thereby enabling the midwife to counsel the woman and help her to choose an invasive procedure according to her individual needs.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence of participation of the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I in the host response to intrauterine infection in preterm labor.

PROBLEM: This study was conducted to determine whether: (1) the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNF-rI) is present in human amniotic fluid, neonatal urine, and the feto-maternal plasma; (2) there are changes in the concentration of the sTNF-rI in amniotic fluid with gestational age; and (3) microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (in term and preterm parturition) is associated with changes in amniotic fluid sTNF-rI concentrations. METHOD: Amniotic fluid was retrieved by amniocentesis from 185 women classified into 11 groups according to gestational age (midtrimester, preterm gestation, and term), the presence or absence of labor, spontaneous rupture of membranes and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. sTNF-rI was assayed with a sensitive and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validated for amniotic fluid. In addition, sTNF-rI concentrations were determined in fetal blood obtained by cordocentesis in preterm gestations (N = 24) or at the time of delivery after spontaneous labor at term (N = 10). sTNF-rI concentrations were also measured in maternal venous and cord blood and neonatal urine (n = 13). RESULTS: sTNF-rI was found to be present in all amniotic fluid samples, maternal blood and fetal blood and neonatal urine samples; sTNF-rI concentrations were higher in the midtrimester than at term (mean +/- SD: 36.2 +/- 12.2 ng/ml versus mean +/- SD: 5.56 +/- 5.72 ng/ml [P < .05]); patients with preterm labor and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (with intact or with ruptured membranes) had significantly higher amniotic fluid concentrations of sTNF-rI than patients without microbial invasion; in the absence of microbial invasion, parturition (both term and preterm) was not associated with changes in amniotic fluid concentrations of sTNF-rI; neonatal urine contained the highest concentrations of sTNF-rI of all biological fluids assayed including maternal and neonatal/fetal blood and amniotic fluid. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that sTNF-rI is a physiologic constituent of amniotic fluid, as well as of the fetal and maternal plasma; that amniotic fluid sTNF-rI concentrations decrease as a function of gestional age and increases in the concentration of the sTNF-rI are part of the host response to intrauterine infection in preterm parturition.

Adult↗